書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

9.Ifthereisanyendeavourwhosefruitsshouldbefreelyavailable,thatendeavourissurelypubliclyfinancedscience.Morally,taxpayerswhowishtoshouldbeabletoreadaboutitwithoutfurtherexpense.Andscienceadvancesthroughcross-fertilizationbetweenprojects.Barrierstothatexchangeslowitdown.

10.Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit.OneofthelatestconvertsistheBritishgovernment.OnJuly16itannouncedthat,from2013,theresultsoftaxpayer-financedresearchwouldbeavailable,freeandonline,foranyonetoreadandredistribute.

11.Britain’sgovernmentisnotalone.OnJuly17theEuropeanUnionfollowedsuit.Itproposesmakingresearchpaidforbyitsnextscientific-spendinground-whichrunsfrom2014to2020,andwillhandoutabout€80billion,or$100billion,ingrants-similarlyeasytogetholdof.InAmerica,theNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH,thesinglebiggestsourceofcivilianresearchfundsintheworld)hasrequiredopen-accesspublishingsince2008.AndtheWellcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree.

12.Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown.Thepublishersthushavescientists?or,moreaccurately,theiruniversities,whichpaythesubscriptions-inanarmlock.That,combinedwiththefactthattherawmaterial(manuscriptsofpapers)isfree,leadstogenerousreturns.In2011Elsevier,alargeDutchpublisher,madeaprofitof￡768monrevenuesof￡2.06billion-amarginof37%.Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymanypeoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany’sjournals.

13.Publishersdoprovideaservice.Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts(thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo).Theyalsosortthescientificsheepfromthegoats,bydecidingwhatgetspublished,andwhere.Thatgivesthepublishershugepower.Sinceresearchers,administratorsandgrant-awardingbodiesalltakenoteofwhichworkhasgotthroughthisfilteringmechanism,thecompetitiontopublishinthebestjournalsisintense,andthesystembecomesself-reinforcing,increasingthevalueofthosejournalsstillfurther.

14.Butnot,perhaps,formuchlonger.Supporthasbeenswellingforopen-accessscientificpublishing:doingitonline,inawaythatallowsanyonetoreadpapersfreeofcharge.Themovementstartedamongscientiststhemselves,butgovernmentsarenow,asBritain'sannouncementmakesclear,payingattentionandaskingwhethertheytoomightbenefitfromthechange.

15.TheBritishannouncementfollowedthepublicationofareportbyDameJanetFinch,asociologistattheUniversityofManchester,whichrecommendsencouragingabusinessmodeladoptedbyoneofthepioneersofopen-accesspublishing,thePublicLibraryofScience.Thisorganization,acharitybasedinSanFrancisco,chargesauthorsafee(between$1,350and$2,900,thoughitiswaivedincasesofhardship)andthenmakestheirpapersavailableovertheinternetfornothing.ForPLoS,asthecharityiswidelyknown,thisworkswell.Ithaslaunchedsevenwidelyrespectedelectronicjournalssinceitsfoundationin2000.Forreasonslostinhistory,thisisknownasthegoldmodel.

16.TheNIH’sapproachisdifferent.Itletsresearcherspublishintraditionaljournals,butonconditionthat,withinayear,theyposttheirpapersonafree"repository"websitecalledPubMed.Journalshavetoagreetothis,orbeexcludedfromtheprocess.Thisisknownasthegreenmodel.

17.Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.Manyscientists,physicistsinparticular,nowuploaddraftsoftheirpapersintopublicarchivespaidforbynetworksofuniversitiesforthegeneralgood.(Themostpopularisknownas"arXivn,themiddleletterbeingaGreekchi.)Here,manuscriptsaresubjecttoaruthlessprocessofopenpeerreview,ratherthanthesecretsorttraditionalpublishersemploy.AnarXivedpapermayendupinatraditionaljournal,butthatismerelytoprovideapublicmarkofapprovalfortheresearchteamwhowroteit.Itsactualpublicationanditsvaluetootherscientistsdatefromitsoriginalarrivalonline.

18.ThesuccessofPLoS,andthepoliticalshifttowardsopenaccess,isencouragingothernewventurestoo.Seeingthewritingonthewall,severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing.Meanwhile,laterthisyearacoalitionoftheWellcomeTrust,theMaxPlanckInstitute(whichrunsmanyofGermany'sleadinglaboratories)andtheHowardHughesMedicalInstitutewillpublishthefirsteditionofeLife,anopen-accessjournalwithambitionstorivalthemostfamousjournalofthelot,Nature.Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee.

19.Muchremainstobeworkedout.Somefearthelossofthetraditionaljournals*curationandverificationofresearch.EvenSirMarkWalport,thedirectoroftheWellcomeTrustandafierceadvocateofopen-accesspublication,worriesthatasystembasedonthegreenmodelcouldbecomefragmented.ThatmighthappenifthenewlyliberatedpapersendedupindifferentplacesratherthanbeingconsolidatedinthewaytheNIHinsistson.ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine(anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer)suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications.

20.Arevolution,then,hasbegun.Technologypermitsit;researchersandpoliticianswantit.

Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.

1.TheopeningparagraphsoftextBseemtoindicatethat（

）

2.AccordingtotextB,theBillandMelindaGatesFoundation（

）.

3.TextBstatesthatpeoplewhoareunhappywithpublishersofscientificjournals（

）.

4.Whenscientificpaperspassthroughpeerreview,（

）.

5.Thewordegregiousinparagraph12means（

）.

6.InthepublicationmodelsdescribedintextB,peerreviewoccurs（

）.

7.Paragraph18（

）.

8.TowardstheendoftextB,theauthormentionstheconcernsofSirMarkWalport,who（

）.

9.IfonecomparestextAandtextB,onecanseethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scientistsareangeredbythepublicationpracticesthattheyconfrontintheirwork.

B.commercialpublishersareincreasinglyseenasanegativefactorinscience.

C.commercialpublishersareneededmorethaneverinordertoseparategoodresearchfrompoorresearch.

D.lessgoodresearchisappearingasaresultofthecontrolexercisedbyjournalpublishers.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isaveryimportantprovideroffundingforscientificresearch.

B.requiresthatresearcherssupportedbytheFoundationmaketheirfindingsfreelyavailabletothepublic.

C.followstheexamplesetbytheNIHinAmerica.

D.hasamonopolyonanyresearchresultsproducedbyscientistsitsupports.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.objecttotheirslownessandthehighcostofthejournals.

B.thinkthatsuchjournalsshouldbeabolishedasanobstacletofreespeech.

C.criticizeabovealltheunfairnessofchoosingsomearticlesforpublicationandnotothers.

D.blamethemfortheslowpaceofscientificprogressinrecentyears.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyarebeinggradedandassignedtodifferentlevelsofpublication.

B.governmentofficialsdecidewhatresearchisworthyofpublication.

C.researchersarebeingpaidtocriticizetheworkoffellowresearchers.

D.scientistsareevaluatingtheworkofotherscientistsintheirfield

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.somewhatunfavorable

B.quiteunnecessary

C.strikinglyunreasonable

D.clearlybizarre

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.beforepublicationinthefirsttwo,afterpublicationinthethird

B.insecretandwithoutthenameofthereviewersbeingknown

C.forpapersinsomescientificfieldsbutnotinothers

D.inexactlythesameway.Peerreviewisnotanissue

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.seemstoindicatethatmostjournalpublishersareresistinganychange.

B.makesitclearthatthepresentpublishingarrangementsaredoomed

C.providessupportforthestrongassertionsinthefinalparagraphofthetext.

D.ineffectpredictsthatthecommercialpublisherswillwininthestrugglewithfreeopen-accesspublication.

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.fearsthatthequalityofscientificpublishingiscurrentlyindecline.

B.stronglysupportsthegreenmodelovercurrentarrangementsandotherpublishingmodels.

C.believesthattheweaknessesofthegreenmodelcaneasilyberemediedbytheuseofopen-accessrepositorywebsitesforresearch.

D.worriesthatgoodpaperspublishedinopen-accessjournalsandrepositoriesmaynotreceivetheattentionthattheydeserve.

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.bothtextsarestraightforwardreports,i.e.objectivepresentationsoffacts.

B.textBisbasicallyadiscussionessayadvancingcertainopinions,whiletextAisasimplereport.

C.bothtextsareintendedtowinthereaderovertocertainviews.

D.textAisintendedtowinsupportforacertaindirectioninresearch,whereastextBexplainsadilemmainstraightforwardterms,withouttakingapositionofanysort

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干意思為“文章B開始的段落似乎為了指出……”。第十段指出:Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit(人們普遍認(rèn)為,在過去一個(gè)世紀(jì)或更多時(shí)間調(diào)停這個(gè)交換（即科研成果）的期刊出版商正成為該調(diào)停的障礙?？芍狟項(xiàng)“商業(yè)出版商正越來越被看成是科學(xué)的消極因素”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第11段:AndtheWelcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree(另外，僅次于比爾和梅林達(dá)蓋茨基金會(huì)，作去世界上第二大慈善科研資金來源的英國維康信托基金會(huì)，也堅(jiān)持要求那些接受它支持的對(duì)象必須公開科研成果)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)重要的科研資金提供者”正確.。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第十二段第一句指出:Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown(對(duì)期刊出版商的批評(píng)通常歸結(jié)為兩件事，一是他們的過程需要幾個(gè)月，當(dāng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)允許他們花上幾天的時(shí)間時(shí)，另一個(gè)是因?yàn)槊恳环輬?bào)紙都像一個(gè)小的壟斷，如果他們想提高自己的閱讀水平，這一領(lǐng)域的工作人員必須閱讀,沒有降價(jià)的空間),可知A項(xiàng)“抗議他們（出版商）的速度慢和期刊的高價(jià)格”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干說“當(dāng)科學(xué)論文通過同行評(píng)審時(shí)…”。第十三段:Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts（thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo）(他們（即出版商）組織同行評(píng)審，在該評(píng)審中專家們不具名地對(duì)論文進(jìn)行評(píng)論（但是這些專家如論文的作者樣很少為自己的工作而得到報(bào)酬）)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家將評(píng)價(jià)自己領(lǐng)域其它科學(xué)家的工作”正確。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第十二段:Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymany

peoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany'sjournals(的確，愛思唯爾（世界領(lǐng)先的科技及醫(yī)學(xué)出版公司）的利潤被許多人認(rèn)為是如此……，以致1.2萬名研究者簽名去聯(lián)合抵制這家公司的期刊)。由此推測egregious的意思為“非常不合理的；過分的”。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第17段中“Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.金色和綠色模式涉及出版前同行評(píng)審，但是第三種模式經(jīng)常不用在出版前進(jìn)行同行評(píng)審”知A項(xiàng)“在前兩種（出版模式）中發(fā)生在出版前，在第三中（出版模式）發(fā)生在出版后”正確

7.推理判斷題。第十八段:Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee(這些組織的雄厚財(cái)力意味著至少在前幾年這個(gè)期刊將甚至不需要出版費(fèi))及第二句:severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing(幾個(gè)商業(yè)出版商正在試用金色模式的出版)?？赏浦白髡邔?duì)傳統(tǒng)的科學(xué)期刊出版商的擔(dān)憂”，這為第二十段中的“Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.如果科學(xué)出版商沒有覺得擔(dān)心的話，那么他們應(yīng)該開始擔(dān)心了”提供了論據(jù)支持，故C項(xiàng)“為文章最后一段中的有力的斷言提供了支持”正確。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至文章后面第十九段:ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine（anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer）suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications(但是《BMC醫(yī)學(xué)》（斯普林格的一個(gè)開放閱覽期刊）最近公布的調(diào)查顯示開放閱覽期刊被引用的廣泛程度和傳統(tǒng)期刊一樣多)中的but“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折的對(duì)應(yīng)可推測“MarkWalport先生擔(dān)心開放閱覽期刊相比傳統(tǒng)期刊可能收不到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注”，由此知D項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心發(fā)布在開放閱覽期刊和存放處上的好論文可能受不到它們應(yīng)有的關(guān)注”正確。

9.主旨大意題。文章A中最后一段引用教授JamesHorne的話來對(duì)教授Dijk的研究進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)及文章A全文都在用報(bào)告的方式進(jìn)行敘述,因此文章A是一個(gè)簡單的報(bào)告文章，而文章B中大多數(shù)段落如第13段首句“Publishersdoprovideaservice.出版商確實(shí)也提供服務(wù)”、第19段首句“Muchremainstobeworkedout.還需要解決很多事情”等提出觀點(diǎn)后再論證”知文章B基本上是提出某些觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)議論文，由此知B項(xiàng)“文章B基本上是提出某些觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)議論文，而文章A是一篇簡單的報(bào)告文章”正確；

2.單選題

Accordingtolegalprovisions,thepropertieswilleither____theoriginalownersorelsebesoldatauction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.committo

B.taketo

C.rompto

D.revertto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“committo”，意為“交付，把……投入，對(duì)……作出承諾”，B選項(xiàng)“taketo”，意為“帶到，養(yǎng)成（做……）的習(xí)慣”，C選項(xiàng)“rompto”，意為“輕松”，D選項(xiàng)revertto，意為“回復(fù)，歸還”。句意：根據(jù)法律規(guī)定，這些財(cái)產(chǎn)要么歸原有者所有，要么被拍賣。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Itis（

）thattheInternetisexertingagrowingimportantinfluenceonpeople’slives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indistinctive

B.indissoluble

C.indispensable

D.indisputable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近形容詞詞義辨析。indistinctive“無特色的，不顯著的”；indissoluble“不能分解的，不能溶解的”；indispensable“不可缺少的”；indisputable“明白的，無可爭議的”。根據(jù)句意“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)人們的生活起到了越來越重要的影響”，這個(gè)事實(shí)是無可爭議的，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Wemovedtothenewhouseinthesuburbssothatthekidswouldhaveagarden______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inwhichtoplay

B.toplaywith

C.toplay

D.wheretoplay

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：我們搬到了郊區(qū)的新房子，這樣孩子們就有一個(gè)可以玩耍的花園。橫線部分是修飾garden的定語從句，根據(jù)詞組playinagarden確定有介詞in，根據(jù)花園用來玩的目的確定有to，A選項(xiàng)inwhichtoplay符合題意。D選項(xiàng)wheretoplay引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，garden本身表示地點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors―habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacksorwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenterattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”

ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto-Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever―hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.

Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.

Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offspring,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyritualsslippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.

“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns.”saidCarolBeming,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamblethecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”

Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Beminghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughcruelandendlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.

1.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap（

）.

2.Theexampleofbrushingteethshowsthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto

3.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto

4.HowdidCarolBemingseecreatingautomaticbehaviorsamongconsumers?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisingonpeople’shabits?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbefurthercultivated

B.aredeeplyrootedinhistory

C.shouldbechangedgradually

D.arebasicallyprivateconcerns

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.perfectedartofproducts

B.commercialpromotions

C.automaticbehaviorcreation

D.scientificexperiments

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities

B.revealtheirimpactonpeople’shabits

C.indicatetheireffectonpeople’sbuyingpower

D.manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaynotbringhugeprofitsforcompanies.

B.Ithasbecomeanewfieldofscientificresearch

C.Itmeansaheavyinvestmentforcompanies

D.Itisnecessaryforthesuccessofnewproducts.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Indifferent

B.Negative

C.Positive

D.Biased

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段第一句therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits提到這個(gè)博士的觀點(diǎn)：因?yàn)槲覀儾恢廊绾胃淖內(nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣，所以有像手臟了而不用肥皂洗手的根本公共健康問題仍然是導(dǎo)致人類死亡的事物。而這種習(xí)慣需要培養(yǎng)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第四段acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands提到在廣告普及之前很少有人會(huì)有規(guī)律地刷牙，由此可知選項(xiàng)B“商業(yè)促銷”符合題意。

3.文章第五段提到人們以前從來不會(huì)在不用餐的情況下喝水。然后飲料公司開始生產(chǎn)灌裝水，現(xiàn)在辦公室的人會(huì)不假思索地喝水。曾經(jīng)口香糖也大部分是青春期男孩購買，現(xiàn)在被商業(yè)廣告塑造成清新口氣和牙齒清新劑。這些都是因?yàn)槿藗兊牧?xí)慣被改變了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns提到當(dāng)產(chǎn)品成為每天或每周的生活方式時(shí)，這些產(chǎn)品就成功了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段最后一句Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods提到這些策略被用來銷售有問題的美容膏或不健康的食品時(shí)，隨之而來的便是無休止的爭論?？芍髡邔?duì)商業(yè)廣告影響人們的習(xí)慣是抱消極態(tài)度的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal（）forlivingexpenses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acceptable

B.applicable

C.advisable

D.available

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acceptable“可接受的”；B選項(xiàng)applicable“可適用的，合適的”；C選項(xiàng)advisable“明智的”；D選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的”。句意：一般來說，學(xué)生可用于住房的錢應(yīng)該占全部生活費(fèi)的五分之一。availablefor意為“可用于……的”，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.單選題

IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen’sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid“She’sthetalkerinourfamily.”Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt.“It’strue,”heexplained.“WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn’tkeeptheconversationgoing,we’dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.”

ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewofthemen—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent,thatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.

Inmyownresearch,complaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequities,suchas,havinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cooking,socialarrangementsanderrands.Instead,theyfocusedoncommunication:“Hedoesn’tlistentome”“Hedoesn’ttalktome.”Ifound,asHackerobservedyearsbefore,thatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobe,firstandforemost,conversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.

Inshort,theimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.

1.Whatismostwivesmainexpectationoftheirhusbands?

2.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?

5.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Talkingtothem.

B.Trustingthem.

C.Supportingtheircareers.

D.Sharinghousework.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.generatingmotivation

B.exertinginfluence

C.causingdamage

D.creatingpressure

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomen.

B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation.

C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples.

D.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.

B.Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.

C.Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.

D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk

B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon

C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.

D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.”晚上快結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我評(píng)論說，女人經(jīng)常抱怨她們的丈夫不跟她們說話。這個(gè)人立刻點(diǎn)頭表示同意。由此可知大多數(shù)妻子都是希望丈夫和她們多多溝通的，因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.語義推測題。根據(jù)句意：這種模式正在對(duì)婚姻造成嚴(yán)重破壞。由此可知wreakinghavoc和causingdamage造成損害意義最為接近，因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第三段“Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent,thatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.”?？紤]到目前美國近50%的離婚率，每年在美國就會(huì)有數(shù)百萬起這樣的案例——這簡直是一種談話失敗的流行病。美國有近50%的離婚率，但并不都是缺少交流引起的，因此選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.主旨大意題。整篇文章由一個(gè)真實(shí)場景引入到婚姻中的談話溝通，談?wù)撁绹糠旨彝サ幕橐霈F(xiàn)狀，主要探討妻子和丈夫?qū)τ跍贤ú糠植煌捶ㄒ约白龇?，那丈夫在外健談，在家很少說話的婚姻交談模式以及妻子想要和丈夫談話的迫切使得婚姻出現(xiàn)裂痕。選項(xiàng)D符合文意。

5.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到能代表當(dāng)前危機(jī)的形象是一個(gè)典型的卡通場景，可以推斷出作者接下來可能對(duì)這個(gè)卡通的一些細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行展開，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Heresented（

）towait.Heexpectedtheminister（

）

himatonce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他憎恨等待。他希望總理馬上見他。resented后面一般直接接名詞或者動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式；expect后面一般接不定式，所以答案選B。

9.單選題

Petroleumproducts,suchasgasoline,kerosene,homeheatingoil,residualfueloilandlubricatingoils,comefromonesource—crudeoilfoundbelowtheearth’ssurfaceaswellasunderlargebodiesofwater,fromafewhundredfeetbelowtheearth’ssurfacetoasdeepas25,000feetintotheearth’sinterior.Sometimescrudeoiliss