書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-興安職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thepatternsofspokenlanguageare（）fromthoseofwriting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinct

B.distinctive

C.distinguished

D.distinguishing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinct“獨(dú)特的，有區(qū)別的”，bedistinctfrom=bedifferentfrom，表示“與……不同”；B選項(xiàng)distinctive“有特色的，與眾不同的”；C選項(xiàng)distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；D選項(xiàng)distinguishing“有區(qū)別的”，英語中沒有bedistinguishingfrom這樣搭配。句意：口語的模式不同于書面語的模式。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.翻譯題

Theexpresswayisnotonlyabridgeleadingacountryintomodernization,butalsoanessentialconditionforthedevelopmentofmoderntransportation.Inrecentyears,China’sexpresswayshaveexperiencedaflourishingdevelopment,withatotalmileageof96,000kilometersby2012,rankingthesecondintheworld.Thetotalmileagewillreach108,000kilometersaftertheconstructionofthenationalexpresswaynetworkiscompleted.Bythen,over90%ofthecitieswithanurbanpopulationofmorethan200,000willhavebeencovered.Expresswayscreatenewdevelopmentopportunitiesandspaceforroadtransportation,addingvitalitytotheeconomictake-offalongtheway.Nowadays,ithasbecomeoneofthemostimportantfactorsindrivingthedomesticdemandandfuellingtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy.

【答案】高速公路是一個(gè)國家走向現(xiàn)代化的橋梁，也是發(fā)展現(xiàn)代交通業(yè)的必要條件。近幾年，中國高速公路蓬勃發(fā)展，截止到2012年，中國高速公路的總里程已經(jīng)達(dá)到9.6萬公里，位居世界第二。國家高速公路網(wǎng)建成后，通車?yán)锍虒⑦_(dá)10.8萬公里，屆時(shí)將覆蓋超過90%的擁有20萬以上城鎮(zhèn)人口的城市。高速公路為道路運(yùn)輸創(chuàng)造了新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇和空間，也為沿線的經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛增添了活力。現(xiàn)在，它已成為拉動(dòng)內(nèi)需、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的重要因素之一。

3.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therecentfindingofachangedgeneinobesemice.

B.Abreakthroughinunderstandinggenemodification.

C.Anewlydiscoveredwayforpeopletoloseweight.

D.Theself-repairingabilityofageneinobesemice.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itrendersanorganismunabletofightdiseases.

B.Itpreventsthemice’sfattytissuesfromgrowing.

C.Ithelpsorganismsadapttoenvironmentalchanges.

D.Itrendersmiceunabletosensewhentostopeating.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Humanbeingshavemoreobesitygenesthanmostmicedo.

B.Halfofaperson’stotalweightvariationcanbecontrolled.

C.Peoplearebornwithatendencytohaveacertainweight.

D.Thefunctionoftheobesitygenesisyettobeexplored.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theworseningofnaturalenvironment.

B.Theabundantprovisionofrichfoods.

C.Theacceleratedpaceofpresent-daylife.

D.Theadverseimpactofthefoodindustry.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】PassageTwo

[12]Publicinterestwasarousedbythelatestdiscoveryofachangedgeneinobesemice.ThenewswasmadeknownbyRockefellerUniversitygeneticistJeffreyFriedman.Theresearchersbelievethisgeneinfluencesdevelopmentofahormonethattellsorganismhowfatorfullitis.[13]Thosewiththechangedgenemaynotsensewhentheyhaveeatenenoughoriftheyhavesufficientfattytissue,andthuscan’ttellwhentostopeating.

Theresearchersalsoreportedfindingagenenearlyidenticaltothemouseobesitygeneinhumans.Theoperationofthisgeneinhumanshasnotyetbeendemonstrated,however.[14]Still,professionalslikeUniversityofVermontpsychologistEstherRothblumreactedenthusiastically,“Thisresearchindicatesthatpeoplereallyarebornwithatendencytohaveacertainweight,justastheyaretohaveaparticularskincolororheight.”

Actually,behavioralgeneticistsbelievethatlessthanhalfofthetotalweightvariationisprogrammedinthegenes,whileheightisalmostentirelygeneticallydetermined.Whateverrolegenesplay,Americansaregettingfatter.AsurveybytheCenterforDiseaseControlfoundthatobesityhasincreasedgreatlyoverthelast10years.[15]SuchrapidchangeunderlinestheroleofenvironmentalfactorsliketheabundanceofrichfoodsinAmericans’overeating.TheCenterforDiseaseControlhasalsofoundthatteensarefarlessphysicallyactivethantheywereevenadecadeago.

Acceptingthatweightispredeterminedcanrelieveguiltforoverweightpeople.Butpeople’sbeliefthattheycannotcontroltheirweightcanitselfcontributetoobesity.

12.Whatdoesthespeakersayhasarousedpublicinterest?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問什么事引起了公眾的興趣。錄音一開頭便指出，最近在肥鼠身上發(fā)現(xiàn)了變異基因，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了公眾的興趣，A選項(xiàng)“最近在肥鼠身上發(fā)現(xiàn)了變異基因”是錄音原文的復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“在理解基因改造方面實(shí)現(xiàn)突破”；C選項(xiàng)“人們減肥的新方法”和D選項(xiàng)“肥鼠身上某種基因的自我修復(fù)能力”在錄音中沒有信息提及，均可排除。

13.Whatdowelearnaboutthechangedgene?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問的是關(guān)于變異基因的相關(guān)信息。錄音指出，那些攜帶變異基因的老鼠在過量進(jìn)食時(shí)，自身卻渾然不覺，因此不知道什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該停止進(jìn)食，D選項(xiàng)“它使老鼠無法感覺到何時(shí)停止進(jìn)食”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它使生物體無法抵抗疾病”和C選項(xiàng)“它幫助生物體適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化”在錄音中沒有信息提及；B選項(xiàng)“它阻止老鼠身上脂肪組織的生長”，錄音中提及那些攜帶變異基因的老鼠無法感知自身是否有足夠的脂肪組織，因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

14.WhatdoesUniversityofVermontpsychologistEstherRothblumsay?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問佛蒙特大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家EstherRothblum說了什么？錄音說到了EstherRothblum的觀點(diǎn)：該研究表明，人天生就有一定的體重傾向，就像膚色和身高一樣。C選項(xiàng)“人天生就有某種體重的傾向”與原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“人的肥胖基因比老鼠的多”，錄音中并沒有將二者進(jìn)行比較，因此可排除；B選項(xiàng)“有一半的影響體重的變量是可控的”，錄音中只是提及：影響體重的變量中，不到一半由基因決定。至于其他的變量可控不可控并沒有指明，該選項(xiàng)屬于推斷過度；D選項(xiàng)“肥胖基因的功能尚待探索”，這并不是EstherRothblum的觀點(diǎn)，因此可排除。

15.WhataccountsforAmericans’obesityaccordingtoasurveybytheCenterforDiseaseControl?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)疾病控制中心的調(diào)查，美國人肥胖的原因是什么。錄音提到，過去十年美國肥胖的人越來越多，這一急劇增長的變化彰顯了一些“環(huán)境因素”的影響，例如，豐富的食物。B選項(xiàng)中的abundantprovisionofrichfoods是錄音中abundanceofrichfoods的同義替換，因此B選項(xiàng)“豐富食物的充足供應(yīng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“自然環(huán)境的惡化”主要是利用錄音中的environmentalfactors作干擾，實(shí)際上錄音中說的是社會(huì)環(huán)境而不是自然環(huán)境，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)今生活節(jié)奏的加快”和D選項(xiàng)“食品業(yè)的不利影響”在錄音中均未提及，因此排除。

4.單選題

Likemanyotheraspectsofthecomputerage,Yahoobeganasanidea,（1）intoahobbyandlatelyhas（2）intoafull-timepassion.ThetwodevelopersofYahoo,DavidFiloandJerryYang,PhDcandidates（3）ElectricalEngineeringatStanfordUniversity,startedtheirguideinApril1994asawaytokeep（4）oftheirpersonalinterestontheInternet.Beforelongthey（5）thattheirhomebrewedlistswerebecomingtoolongand（6）.GraduallytheybegantospendmoreandmoretimeonYahoo.

During1994,they（7）yahoointoacustomizeddatabasedesignedto（8）theneedsofthethousandsofusers（9）begantousetheservicethroughtheclosely（10）Internetcommunity.Theydevelopedcustomizedsoftwaretohelpthem（11）locateidentifyandeditmaterial（12）ontheInternet.ThenameYahoois（13）tostandfor“YetanotherHierarchicalOfficiousOrale”,butFiloandYanginsisttheyselectedthe（14）becausetheyconsideredthemselvesyahoos.Yahooitselffirst（15）onYang’sworkstation,“akebono”,whilethesearchenginewas（16）onFilo’scomputer“Konishiki.”

Inearly1995MarcAndersen,co-founderofNetscapeCommunicationinMountainView,California,invitedFiloandYangtomovetheirfiles（17）tolargercomputers（18）atNetscape.AsaresultStanford’scomputernetworkreturnedto（19）,andbothpartiesbenefited.Today,Yahoo（20）organizedinformationontensofthousandsofcomputerslinkedtotheweb.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.became

B.grew

C.turn

D.intend

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.saw

C.looked

D.turned

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.about

D.for

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.touch

B.contact

C.track

D.record

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.founded

B.found

C.argued

D.reported

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.unwieldy

B.tough

C.tamable

D.invaluable

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.exchanged

B.shank

C.sold

D.converted

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.explain

B.serve

C.discover

D.evaluate

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.that

C.actually

D.eagerly

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.relative

B.interactive

C.bound

D.contacted

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.fluently

B.efficiently

C.exactly

D.actually

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.transmitted

B.purchased

C.sold

D.stored

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.bound

C.going

D.supposed

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.fable

B.mode

C.name

D.brand

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.supported

B.resided

C.lived

D.linked

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.connected

B.lodged

C.introduced

D.linked

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.away

C.inside

D.beneath

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.housed

B.caught

C.hosed

D.hidden

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.average

B.normal

C.ordinary

D.equal

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.attains

B.detains

C.maintains

D.contains

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“變成，成為……”；B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展為……”；C選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)變成……”，D選項(xiàng)“想要，意指……”，句意：就像計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代的許多其他方面一樣，雅虎一開始只是一個(gè)想法，后來_____了一種愛好。A選項(xiàng)是一個(gè)中性詞，用于意義好、壞兩方面的變化都可以；B選項(xiàng)更側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果；C選項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不對；D選項(xiàng)詞組含義不適合語境，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“把……制成”；B選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查，觀察……的性質(zhì)”；C選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查，觀察”；D選項(xiàng)“變成，轉(zhuǎn)變成……”，句意：與計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代的許多其他方面一樣，雅虎一開始只是一個(gè)想法，后來變成了一種愛好，最近又（）一種全職的熱情。本句表示的是“變成了一種全職的熱情”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)“在……內(nèi)”；B選項(xiàng)“在……之上”；C選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于”；D選項(xiàng)“為了”，句意：雅虎的兩名開發(fā)人員大衛(wèi)?費(fèi)羅和楊致遠(yuǎn)是（）斯坦福大學(xué)電子工程專業(yè)的博士生。而表示某個(gè)修某個(gè)具體專業(yè)的人，要用inElectricalEngineering表示，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)“保持聯(lián)系”；B選項(xiàng)“保持聯(lián)系”；C選項(xiàng)“記錄，與……保持聯(lián)系”；D選項(xiàng)“保持……的記錄”，句意：1994年4月開始他們的指南，作為一種在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上（）個(gè)人興趣的方式。本句表示“記錄個(gè)人的興趣愛好”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“建立”；B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)“爭論，爭辯”，D選項(xiàng)“報(bào)道”，句意：不久之后，他們（）自己自制的清單變得太長，太不實(shí)用了。本句表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的清單太長”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“笨拙的，笨重的”；B選項(xiàng)“艱難的，粗糙的”；C選項(xiàng)“可馴服的”；D選項(xiàng)“無價(jià)的，非常貴重的”，句意：不久之后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己自制的清單變得太長，太（）了。本句想要表達(dá)的是“清單太長太笨重”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“交換”；B選項(xiàng)“（花等）從病梗上枯萎脫落”；C選項(xiàng)“賣”；D選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)變，改變”，句意：在1994年，他們把雅虎（）一個(gè)定制的數(shù)據(jù)庫。本句表示“把雅虎變成一個(gè)……”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“解釋”；B選項(xiàng)“為……服務(wù)，招待”；C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺”；D選項(xiàng)“評價(jià)，估價(jià)”，句意：在1994年，他們把yahoo轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)定制的數(shù)據(jù)庫，以（）成千上萬用戶的需求。而servetheneed是固定搭配，表示“滿足某人的需求”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)“哪個(gè)是（引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）”；B選項(xiàng)“那個(gè)”；C選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上”；D選項(xiàng)“熱情地”，句意為：用戶（）開始通過緊密聯(lián)系的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)社區(qū)使用這項(xiàng)服務(wù)。這里考查的是定語從句，A選項(xiàng)不能用于主語為人的定語從句，排除；C和D不是定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，排除；當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)，可以用that作關(guān)系代詞，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“親戚，相關(guān)物”；B選項(xiàng)“交互，交互式的”；C選項(xiàng)“跳躍，限制”；D選項(xiàng)“交往，接觸”，句意：通過緊密（）的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)社區(qū)開始使用這項(xiàng)服務(wù)的用戶。closelybound意為“緊密相連”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“流利地”；B選項(xiàng)“有效地，效率高地”；C選項(xiàng)“恰好地，正好”；D選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上”，句意：他們開發(fā)了定制軟件，幫助他們（）定位、識別和編輯存儲(chǔ)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的材料。本句想表達(dá)的含義應(yīng)該是“高效的定位……”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“傳輸，傳送”；B選項(xiàng)“購買”；C選項(xiàng)“賣”；D選項(xiàng)“儲(chǔ)存，儲(chǔ)藏”，句意：他們開發(fā)了定制軟件，幫助他們有效地定位、識別和編輯（）在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的材料。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是“儲(chǔ)存在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的資料”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于”；B選項(xiàng)“界限，邊界”；C選項(xiàng)“離開，離去”；D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)定，據(jù)說”，句意：Yahoo這個(gè)名字（）來代表“又一個(gè)層級官話”。besupposedto“應(yīng)該”，根據(jù)句意可知，要表達(dá)的含義是“這個(gè)名字應(yīng)該是代表……”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“寓言，無稽之談”；B選項(xiàng)“模式，方式”；C選項(xiàng)“名字，姓名”；D選項(xiàng)“品牌”，句意：但是Filo和Yang堅(jiān)持說他們挑選了這個(gè)（）因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為自己就是Yahoo。根據(jù)上文可知Yahoo是他們網(wǎng)站的名字，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“支持”；B選項(xiàng)“居住，存在”；C選項(xiàng)“活著，居住”；D選項(xiàng)“相關(guān)聯(lián)”，句意：雅虎首先（）的是楊的工作站。resideon“駐留于”，是原文要表達(dá)的含義，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“鏈接”；B選項(xiàng)“存放，保管”；C選項(xiàng)“介紹”；D選項(xiàng)“相關(guān)聯(lián)”，句意：而搜索引擎（）在Filo的電腦里。這里是用了擬人的手法，表示搜索引擎暫時(shí)是在Filo的電腦里借住（運(yùn)行），因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“搬到……”，此處over表示經(jīng)過一段距離”；B選項(xiàng)“搬離”；C選項(xiàng)“搬進(jìn)”，后面不用再加介詞to；D選項(xiàng)“搬到……下面”，句意：邀請F(tuán)ilo和Yang講他們的文件（）更大的空間去。這里的“搬”是有距離的，并且是搬到某個(gè)地方，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“給房子住”；B選項(xiàng)“抓”；C選項(xiàng)“用水管淋澆”；D選項(xiàng)“藏”，句意：邀請F(tuán)ilo和Yang將他們的文件轉(zhuǎn)移（）到網(wǎng)景公司更大的電腦上。這里也是用了擬人的手法，給這些文件住的地方（儲(chǔ)存它們），因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“平均的”；B選項(xiàng)“正常的，正規(guī)的”；C選項(xiàng)“普通的”；D選項(xiàng)“平等的”，句意：之后，斯坦福的電腦（）。returntonormal“恢復(fù)正?！保虼薆選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“獲得”；B選項(xiàng)“留住，扣押”；C選項(xiàng)“留住，阻止”；D選項(xiàng)“包含”，句意：Yahoo從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的上萬臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)中（）信息。根據(jù)原文的信息，我們知道Yahoo是獲取信息，而不是儲(chǔ)存或是留住，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Themarksmanwaitedforthepheasantto（）cover.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.seek

B.break

C.get

D.take

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)seek“尋求；尋找；探索；搜索”；B選項(xiàng)break“打破；骨折；違犯；弄壞；失靈；打斷；終止”；C選項(xiàng)get“使得；獲得；受到；變成；成為；變得；到達(dá)”；D選項(xiàng)take“拿，取；帶去；使達(dá)到；偷走；奪??；買下”。根據(jù)固定搭配breakcover“跳出來；跳出躲藏處；從隱藏處出來”可知該題選break。句意：狙擊手等著這只野雞從隱蔽處出來。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

_____wearehavingthesedays!

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatalovelyweather

B.Whatlovelyweathers

C.Whatlovelyweather

D.Whatlovelyaweather

【答案】C

【解析】考查what感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)。What的用法有：What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語，What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式/不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語，weather為不可數(shù)名詞，所以選項(xiàng)C用法正確，其余均表述有誤。

7.單選題

14.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.250Yuan.

B.450Yuan.

C.650Yuan.

D.850Yuan.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Goodmorning.Wouldyouliketheprivatehotspringroomtoday?Forthreepeople,itwouldbe250Yuanperhour.

M:Arethereanydiscounts?

W:Yes,Itis50Yuancheaperforeachadditionalhour.

M:Thenwe’llhavetwohours.

Q:Howmuchwillthemanpay?

【解析】對話指出私人溫泉是三個(gè)人每小時(shí)250元。有折扣，每增加一個(gè)小時(shí)優(yōu)惠50元，問題問的是兩個(gè)小時(shí)多少錢。

8.案例題

Mostofustellonetwoliesaday,accordingtoscientistswhostudythesethings.Andwerarelygetcaught,becausethelieswetellareusuallylittleones:"Igotstuckintraffic.""Thatcolorlooksgoodonyou.""Iwasjustabouttocall."

Buteventhesmallestfibmaysoonbesystematicallyexposed,atleastinthevirtualWorld.Researchersatseveraluniversitiesaredevelopingsoftwarethatcandetectliesinonlinecommunicationssuchasinstantmessagese-mailsandchatrooms.Theabilitytospot"digitaldeception",asresearcherscallit,hasneverbeenmorecrucial.Today,muchofourbusinessandsociallifeisconductedonline,makingusincreasinglyvulnerable.Whitecollarcriminals,sexualpredators,scammers,identitythievesandeventerroristssurfthesameWebastherestofus.

Conventionalliedetectorslookforphysiologicalsignsofanxiety—abeadofsweatoraracingpulse—butonlinesystemsexamineonlytheliar'swords."Whenwe'relookingatlanguage,we'relookingatthetoolofthelie,"saysJeffHancock,anassistantprofessorofcommunicationandamemberofthefacultyofcomputingandinformationscienceatCornellUniversity.

Hancock,whorecentlyreceiveda$680,000grantfromtheNationalScienceFoundationtostudydigitaldeception,saysthereisagrowingbodyofevidencethatthelanguageofdishonestmessagesisdifferentthanthatofhonestones.Forexample,onestudyledbyHancockandduetobepublishedthisspringinDiscourseProcessesfoundthatdeceptivee-mailmessagescontained28percentmorewordsonaverageandusedahigherpercentageofwordsassociatedwithnegativeemotionsthandidtruthfulmessages.Liarsalsotendtousefewerfirst-personreferences(suchasthepronoun"I")andmorethird-personreferences(suchas"he"and"they").Thismaybetheliar'ssubconsciouswayofdistancinghimselffromhislie.

Moresurprising,Hancockandhiscolleagueshaveobservedthatthetargetsofliarsalsoexhibitdistinctivelanguagepatterns.Forinstance,peoplewhoarebeingdeceivedoftenuseshortersentencesandaskmorequestions.Eventhoughtheymaynotbeawarethattheyarebeingliedto,peopleseemtoexhibitsubconscioussuspicions.

Toidentifythepatternsofdeceit,Hancockhasdevelopedaninstant-messagingsystematCornellthatasksuserstoratethedeceptivenessofeachmessagetheysend.Thesystemhasalreadycollected10,000messages,ofwhichabout6percentqualifyaspatentlydeceptive.Eventuallytheresultswillbeincorporatedintosoftwarethatanalyzesincomingmessages.

Fornow,theCornellresearchersareworkingonlywiththekindsofliestoldbystudentsandfaculty.Itremainstobeseenwhethersuchasystemcanbescaleduptohandle"big"lies,suchasmessagessentbyconartistsandterrorists.

Fortunately,theresearchsofarsuggeststhatpeoplelielessoftenine-mailthanface-to-faceoronthephone.Perhapsthisisbecausepeoplearereluctanttoputtheirliesinwriting.Hancockspeculates."Ane-mailgeneratesmultiplecopies,"hesays."Itwilllastlongerthansomethingcarvedinrock."Sochooseyourwordscarefully.Theinternetmaysoonberidnotonlydeceitbutalsooflameexcuses.

1.Thedigitalpolygraphconductstestingbasedon（）.

2.Listoneofthedifferencesbetweenfalsepretencesandunfeignedmessages,accordingtoHancock'sstudy.

3.Thelanguagepatternsofthoseharboringsuspiciousperspectiveswouldbecharacteristicsof.

4.WhydoesHancockneedtheratingresultsofthemessagedeceptiveness?

5.Whydopeoplelielessine-mailmessagesthanconfrontingwitheachotheraccordingtoHancock's

speculation?

【答案】1.theliar'swords.

2.AccordingtoHancock'sstudy,deceptivee-mailmessagescontained28percentmorewordsonaverageandusedahigherpercentageofwordsassociatedwithnegativeemotionsthandidtruthfulmessages.

3.thetargetsofliars.

4.Toidentifythepatternsofdeceit.

5.Perhapsthisisbecausepeoplearereluctanttoputtheirliesinwriting.

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Conventionalliedetectorslookforphysiologicalsignsofanxiety—abeadofsweatoraracingpulse—butonlinesystemsexamineonlytheliar'swords.”傳統(tǒng)的測謊儀尋找焦慮的生理信號,而電子測謊儀只檢測說謊者的話語。所以這里應(yīng)填入“theliar'swords.”

2.根據(jù)第四段的第二句“Processesfoundthatdeceptivee-mailmessagescontained28percentmorewordsonaverageandusedahigherpercentageofwordsassociatedwithnegativeemotionsthandidtruthfulmessages.”研究發(fā)現(xiàn),欺騙性的電子郵件比真實(shí)的郵件平均多包含28%的詞匯,使用的與負(fù)面情緒有關(guān)的詞匯比例也更高。

3.根據(jù)第五段的第一句“Moresurprising,Hancockandhiscolleagueshaveobservedthatthetargetsofliarsalsoexhibitdistinctivelanguagepatterns.”更令人驚訝的是,Hancock和他的同事們發(fā)現(xiàn),說謊者的目標(biāo)也表現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的語言模式。結(jié)合第五段的內(nèi)容可知這里應(yīng)填入“thetargetsofliars.”

.4根據(jù)第六段的第一句“Toidentifythepatternsofdeceit,Hancockhasdevelopedaninstant-messagingsystematCornellthatasksuserstoratethedeceptivenessofeachmessagetheysend.”Hancock需要欺騙性信息的評級結(jié)果是為了識別欺騙的模式。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的一二句“theresearchsofarsuggeststhatpeoplelielessoftenine-mailthanface-to-faceoronthephone.Perhapsthisisbecausepeoplearereluctanttoputtheirliesinwriting.”迄今為止的研究表明,人們通過電子郵件說謊的頻率低于面對面或電話。漢考克推測,也許這是因?yàn)槿藗儾辉敢獍阎e言寫下來。

9.單選題

Thepeasants,distributedbytheshiftfromamedievaltoamoderneconomy,hadlongbeeninferment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poverty

B.turmoil

C.prosperity

D.stability

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)poverty“貧困”；B選項(xiàng)turmoil“騷動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)prosperity“繁榮”；D選項(xiàng)stability“穩(wěn)定”。句意：由于中世紀(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)向現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)變，農(nóng)民們早已處于騷動(dòng)之中。劃線部分ferment是騷動(dòng)的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

Philosophy,asIshallunderstandtheword,issomethingintermediatebetweentheologyandscience.Liketheology,itconsistsofspeculationsonmattersastowhichdefiniteknowledgehas,sofar,beenunascertainable;butlikescience,itappealstohumanreasonratherthantoauthority,whetherthatoftraditionorthatofrevelation.

Alldefiniteknowledge—soIshouldcontend—belongstoscience;alldogmaastowhatsurpassesdefiniteknowledgebelongstotheology.ButbetweentheologyandsciencethereisaNoMan’sLand,exposedtoattackfrombothsides;thisNoMan’sLandisphilosophy.Almostallthequestionsofmostinteresttospeculativemindsaresuchassciencecannotanswer,andtheconfidentanswersoftheologiansnolongerseemsoconvincingastheydidinformercenturies.

【答案】我對哲學(xué)的理解是介于神學(xué)和科學(xué)之間。就像神學(xué)一樣，它也包括對一些事物的推測，這些確定的知識到目前為止還不能被確定。但是，就像科學(xué)一樣，它訴諸于人類的理性而不是權(quán)威，無論是傳統(tǒng)的還是啟示的。

我認(rèn)為，所有明確的知識都屬于科學(xué)；所有關(guān)于超越明確的知識的教條都屬于神學(xué)。但是在神學(xué)和科學(xué)之間有一個(gè)無人區(qū)，受到來自雙方的攻擊，這無人區(qū)就是哲學(xué)。幾乎所有思考者最感興趣的問題都是科學(xué)無法回答的，而神學(xué)家們自信的回答也不再像前幾個(gè)世紀(jì)那樣令人信服。

11.單選題

Havinghadherasaprofessorandadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan（）forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspirational

B.educational

C.excessive

D.instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。inspirational鼓舞人心的；educational教育的；excessive過度的；instantaneous即刻的。句意是：由于她是我的教授兼指導(dǎo)老師，不妨告訴你，她具有一種（

）力量，激發(fā)著她的學(xué)生超越自我的期望。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Amanwhocould（

）suchtreatmentwasamanofremarkablephysicalcourageandmoralstrength.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bearupon

B.standupto

C.insiston

D.persistin

【答案】B

【解析】bearupon有關(guān)，瞄準(zhǔn)，對...施加壓力；standupto經(jīng)得起，抵抗，勇敢地面對；insiston堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求；persistin堅(jiān)持，固執(zhí)于。句意：能夠經(jīng)得起這種對待的人是很有膽量和勇氣的人。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

Thesoldierwas（）ofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scolded

B.charged

C.accused

D.punished

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。bescoldedfor因…而被訓(xùn)斥；bechargedwith“被指控犯…罪的”；beaccusedof“被指控”；bepublishedfor“因…而受懲罰”。句意：在敵人攻擊時(shí)，這位士兵被指控逃跑了。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Question1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Themeaningofthetermisconfusing,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge.

Evenintruesciences,distinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareproved.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatend,specialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposessuchasimprovinghealth,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicreward.Chemistsresponsiblefordiscoveriescouldhardlyanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.However,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Manyscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopurersciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinescience,wecansimplynameitas（）.

2.Ascientistinterestedingeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesaboutpurescienceistrue?

4.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestudyofnatureandmankind

B.anattempttoposeandprovehypothesesandtheories

C.categorizedknowledge

D.thestudyoftheunrelatednaturalphenomena

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.appliedscience

B.chemicalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itmayleadtoantiscientific,impureresults.

B.Itnecessarilyprecedesappliedscience.

C.Itisnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose.

D.Itnecessarilyresultedfromappliedscience.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Purescientistsshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionofthemeaningofscience.

C.Intruesciences,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.TheNatureofScience

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge.（為了使解釋盡可能簡單，假設(shè)將科學(xué)定義為分類知識。），題干中“simply”與原文中“simple”相對應(yīng)，表示簡單地將科學(xué)定義為分類知識。因此C選項(xiàng)“分類知識”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對自然和人類的研究”，B選項(xiàng)“試圖提出和證明假設(shè)和理論”和D選項(xiàng)“對不相關(guān)的自然現(xiàn)象的研究”，文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“approach”可以定位到文章第四段，該段介紹了兩種科學(xué)方法，一種是aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity（滿足求知欲）的purescience（純科學(xué)），另一種是aimedatusingkno