住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid.Yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.

Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfastertheknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon'tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon'tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo-theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,"Thoroughlyconsciousignoranceisapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.

Thisperspectiveonscience-thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers-shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyandinfact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles-andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.

LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia-thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.

1.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?

2.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?

3.Theexpression"takeabackseat"inparagraph5probablymeans（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.

B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.

C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.

D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.

問題2選項

A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.

B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.

C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.

D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.

問題3選項

A.takeabackplace.

B.haveadifferentrole.

C.beofgreaterpriority.

D.becomelessimportant

問題4選項

A.Theinvolvementofthepublicinscience.

B.Scientists'enjoymentofignorance.

C.Theaccumulationofscientificknowledge.

D.Newton’sstandinginthehistoryofscience.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘以下哪一項在這篇文章中得到了最好的支持？’根據第三段中“Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.科學知識的一個關鍵成果是產生新的、更好的無知方式——不是那種與缺乏好奇心或教育相關的無知，而是一種有教養(yǎng)的、高質量的無知?！贝_定B選項“知識產生更好的無知”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干：為什么科學關注的是問題而不是答案？由題干中的question、answer可定位到文章第四段最后一句“Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings”，作者認為，人們更容易了解問題（questionsarealsomoreaccessible）。因此選項B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘第5段中"takeabackseat”是什么意思？’根據文章“LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.最近，科學的這一面在公眾心目中……，我稱之為科學的累積觀點對我們來說，這一堆事實太多而永遠無法企盼征服?！币约案鶕恼伦詈笠痪湓捴小癮publiconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventure一位公眾再次參與了這場偉大的冒險”可知此處表示公眾對科學的對比態(tài)度，D選項“變得不那么重要了”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干：作者在這篇文章中最關心的是什么？全文講的是科學與大眾的關系，文章最后總結道“thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations”，作者關注的是讓大眾參與到科學中來。因此選項A符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

2.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthCenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycleoreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistantandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdrivesfromwouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenth-andearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

問題1選項

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists

問題2選項

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Tobothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.ToonemodeltheSun'smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

問題3選項

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.Theyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeofthefounderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問題4選項

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistainpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunderstormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years.

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A選項“指出有關太陽活動的兩種相對的科學理論并對其各自的地質依據進行評價”，B選項“簡要概述近期科學在太陽物理學方面的發(fā)展并且就他們對未來氣候研究的影響做出評價”，C選項“討論將地球上的各種現象與太陽活動聯系起來的困難性并指出問題的解決方法影響著我們對太陽物理活動的理解”，D選項“概述有關太陽物理的問題之所以一直沒解決的原因并且對現代物理學家過度理論化的方法進行指責”，根據文章大意可以推斷出C選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章對太陽活動的兩種模式的介紹主要集中在文章的第三段。根據第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關的太陽活動周期將會在幾十億年內維持基本不變”可知在第一種模式中，太陽活動的周期是與太陽大范圍的磁場相關的并且太陽活動周期是可以長期維持基本不變的。根據第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.”“在這種模式中，與太陽磁場相關的太陽機制變化更快，因此，太陽活動周期的特點也會在很長一段時間后有所變化”可知在第二種模式中太陽活動的周期也是和太陽磁場相關的，但是太陽活動周期是會有所變化的。所以A選項‘在這兩個模型中，周期性的太陽活動被認為是太陽的一個長期特征，在數十億年的時間里幾乎沒有變化。’和C選項‘在一個模型中，太陽磁場被認為是導致太陽活動的一個因素，而在另一個模型中則不是。’表錯誤，D選項文章中沒有體現，所以B選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.”“太陽活動極小期的真實性還有待考證，特別是中國當時肉眼觀察到的太陽活動的記錄又與其相矛盾”確定A選項‘他們認為,蒙德極小期的數據是建立不正確的?！项}意。

4.推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關的太陽活動周期將會在幾十億年內維持基本不變”確定D選項“數億年前太陽活動的周期性特征和如今太陽活動的周期性相同”是對第一種模式的支持。

3.單選題

Itshowshoweconomicandsocialand,aboveall,politicalchangeshaveplayedtheir

part,sothat,correctly（

）,thepostagestampinwhichmillionsofpeople,youngand

old,findpleasure,knowledgeandevenprofit,hasalwaysbeenafaithfulmirrorofthetimes.

問題1選項

A.interpreting

B.beinginterpreted

C.tobeinterpreted

D.interpreted

【答案】D

【解析】非謂語動詞的用法。A選項interpreting動詞的分詞形式，表示主動；B選項beinginterpreted動詞被動語態(tài)的分詞形式；C選項tobeinterpreted動詞被動語態(tài)的不定式，表示將來或打算；D選項interpreted動詞的過去分詞。句意：最重要的是，這說明了經濟、社會、政治變化如何發(fā)揮作用，從而，正確理解應該是，…分析句子可知空格前的內容與interpret之間為被動關系，且應該是過去發(fā)生，而不是正在發(fā)生或將要發(fā)生，D選項正確。

4.單選題

Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.

問題1選項

A.irresistible

B.irremissible

C.irreplaceable

D.irretrievable

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項的irresistible“不可抵抗的，不能壓制的”；B選項的irremissible“不可寬恕的，無法逃避的”;C選項的irreplaceable“不能調換的”；D選項的irretrievable“不能挽回的，不能復原的”。根據句意‘比賽還有五分鐘結束，我們落后四分，所以這場比賽看上去完全無法挽回’確定D選項正確。

5.單選題

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheframesofgoodandevil.

問題1選項

A.external

B.eternal

C.central

D.internal

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。A選項“外部的；表面上的；（藥物）外用的”；B選項“不朽的，永恒的，無休止的”；C選項“中心的；主要的；中樞的”；D選項“內部的，內在的”；根據句意‘一些人將生活看作善惡勢力之間永恒的沖突’確定B選項正確。

6.單選題

Politicians,environmentalistsandbusinessmenfromallovertheworldassembledtodiscussthewayof（

）atmospherepollution.

問題1選項

A.cuttingup

B.cuttingdown

C.cuttingoff

D.cuttingout

【答案】B

【解析】動詞短語辨析。根據句意‘來自世界各地的政治家、環(huán)保人士和商人們都聚集在一起來討論減少大氣污染的方法?！芍颂幨侵敢懻摐p少大氣污染的方法，因此應填表示“減少”的含義，A選項cutup“切碎”;B選項cutdown“砍倒，減少”；C選項cutoff“切斷，隔絕”；D選項cutout“切斷，刪掉”。B選項正確。

7.單選題

JanHendrikSchon’ssuccessseemedtoogoodtobetrue,anditwas.InonlyfouryearsasaphysicistatBellLaborites,Schon,32,hadco-authored90scientificpapers—oneevery16days—dealingwithnewdiscoveriesinsuperconductivity,lasers,nanotechnologyandquantumphysics.Thisoutputastonishedhiscolleagues,andmadethemsuspicious.Whenoneco-workernoticedthatthesametableofdataappearedintwoseparatepapers—whichalsohappenedtoappearinthetwomostprestigiousscientificjournalsintheworld,ScienceandNature—thejigwasup.InOctober2002,aBellLabsinvestigationfoundthatSchonhadfalsifiedandfabricateddata.Hiscareerasascientistwasfinished.Scientificscandals,whichareasoldasscienceitself,tendtofollowsimilarpatternsofpresumptionandduereward.

Inrecentyears,ofcourse,thepressureonscientiststopublishinthetopjournalshasincreased,makingthejournalsmuchmorecrucialtocareersuccess.ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.Eachscientificspecialtyhasitsownsetofjournals.PhysicistshavePhysicalReviewLetters,neuroscientistshaveNeuron,andsoforth.ScienceandNature,though,aretheonlytwomajorjournalsthatcoverthegamutofscientificdisciplines,frommeteorologyandzoologytoquantumphysicsandchemistry.Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.Andscientistslooktothejournalsinparttoreachjournalists.Whydotheycare?Competitionforgrantshasgottensofiercethatscientistshavesoughtpopularrenowntogainanedgeovertheirrivals.Publicationinspecializedjournalswillwintheacclaimsfromacademicsandsatisfythepublish-or-perishimperative,butScienceandNaturecomewiththeaddedbonusofpotentiallygettingyourpaperwrittenupinTheNewYorkTimesandotherpublications.

Scientiststendtopaymoreattentiontothebigtwothantootherjournals.Whenmorescientistsknowaboutaparticularpaper,they’remoreapttociteitintheirownpapers.Beingoft-citedwillincreaseascientist's“ImpactFactor’’，ameasureofhowoftenpapersarecitedbypeers.Fundingagenciesusethe"ImpactFactor'*asaroughmeasureoftheinfluenceofscientiststhey’reconsideringsupporting.

1.TheachievementsofJanHendrikSchonturnedouttobe（

）.

2.TofindwhyscientificscandalslikeSchon’soccur,peoplehavebeguntoraisedoubtaboutthetwotopjournalsfor

（

）.

3.Theexpression’’thecreamofthecrop”inParagraph3likelymeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.surprising

B.inconceivable

C.praiseworthy

D.fraudulent

問題2選項

A.theiracademicprestige

B.theirimportancetocareersuccess

C.theirpopularitywithscientificcircles

D.theirreviewingsystem

問題3選項

A.themostofall

B.thebestofall

C.therecentlyreleased

D.thewidelyspread

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘JanHendrikSchon的成就被證明是…’。在第一段中，最開始講到Schon的成績好得令人難以置信，而后其同事發(fā)現他是抄襲的，然后貝爾實驗室的調查發(fā)現了他偽造和捏造了數據，所以他結束了其科學生涯。所以D選項“騙人的”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘為了找出像肖恩這樣的科學丑聞發(fā)生的原因，人們開始懷疑兩個頂級期刊上…’。由第二段第二句“ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.他質疑的問題是，自然和科學是否已經變得過于強大，成為科學走向公眾的仲裁者，以及這些期刊是否能夠勝任它們作為看門人的任務?！贝_定A選項“它們的學術聲譽”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第3段中的“thecreamofthecrop”可能是指’。由第三段第四句“Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.因此，記者們每周都要從這些新發(fā)表的科學論文中尋找精華?！贝_定B選項“所有中最好的”正確。

8.單選題

Myboneshavebeenachingagain,astheyoftendoinhumidweather.Theyachelikehistory:thingslongdonewith,thatstillremainaspain.Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.Therearesleepingpills,ofcourse,butthedoctorhaswarnedmeagainstthem.

Lastnight,afterwhatseemedhoursofdampturmoil,Igotupandcreptslipperlessdownthestairs,feelingmywayinthefaintstreetlightthatcamethroughthewindow.Oncesafelyarrivedatthebottom,Iwalkedintothekitchenandlookedaroundintherefrigerator.TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.I'vefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary;mymealsaresnatchedandrandom.Furtivesnacks,furtivetreatsandpicnics.Imadedowithsomepeanutbutter,scoopeddirectlyfromthejarwithaforefinger:whydirtyaspoon?

Standingtherewiththejarinonehandandmyfingerinmymouth,Ihadthefeelingthatsomeonewasabouttowalkintotheroom~someotherwoman,theunseen,validowner~andaskmewhatinhellIwasdoinginherkitchen.I’vehaditbefore,thesensethateveninthecourseofmymostlegitimateanddailyactions—peelingabanana,brushingmyteeth―Iamtrespassing.

Atnightthehousewasmorethaneverlikeastranger's.Iwanderedthroughthefrontroom,thediningroom,theparlour,handonthewallforbalance.Myvariouspossessionswerefloatingintheirownpoolsofshadow,denyingmyownershipofthem.Ilookedthemoverwithaburglar’seye,decidingwhatmightbeworththeriskofstealing,whatontheotherhandIwouldleavebehind.Robberswouldtaketheobviousthings~thesilverteapotthatwasmygrandmother’s,perhapsthehand-paintedchina.Thetelevisionset.NothingIreallywant.

1.Theauthorcouldnotfallasleepbecause（

）.

2.TheauthordidnotlikethefoodintherefrigeratorbecauseitwasNOT（

）.

問題1選項

A.itwastoodampinthebedroom

B.shehadrunoutofsleepingpills

C.shewasinverypoorhealth

D.shefeltveryhungry

問題2選項

A.fresh

B.sufficient

C.nutritious

D.delicious

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問作者不能入睡的原因。由第一段中第三句“Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.當疼痛非常嚴重時，它讓我無法入睡。每晚我都渴望睡覺，我努力去睡著，但是睡覺如同一個窗簾樣在我的面前飄動”確定C選項“她身體非常不好”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問作者不喜歡吃冰箱的食物的原因。由第二段第三句“TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.這里沒有太多我想吃的東西：剩下的東西有一把芹菜、一塊染了藍色的面包尾部和一個正變軟的檸檬”確定A選項“新鮮”正確；B選項“充足的”、C選項“營養(yǎng)的”和D選項“可口的”不正確。

9.單選題

OnceRenaissancepaintersdiscoveredhowto（

）volumeanddepth,theywereabletoreplacethemedievalconventionofsymbolic,two-dimensionalspacewiththemoreillusionofactualspace.

問題1選項

A.reverse...conventional

B.portray...abstract

C.deny...concrete

D.render...realistic

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。第一個空的選項：reverse“顛倒，倒轉”；portray“描繪，扮演”：deny“否認，拒絕給予”；render“提供，以……回報，描繪，處理（繪畫等的主題）”，第二個空的選項：conventional“傳統的，習慣的”；abstract“抽象的”；concrete“具體的，有形的”；realistic“現實的，實際的，實事求是的”，根據關鍵詞“volumeanddepth”“symbolic”和句意‘當文藝復興的畫家們發(fā)現如何描繪體積和深度之后，他們就能夠使用更現實的實在空間感來取代中世紀的象征意味的、二維空間的繪畫習慣了’確定D選項正確。

10.單選題

Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience（

）onbenches,chairsorboxes.

問題1選項

A.havingseated

B.seated

C.seating

D.havingbeenseated

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法?，F在分詞通常強調動作的主動語態(tài)，而過去分詞強調狀態(tài)，強調被動語態(tài)或已經發(fā)生過的，根據句意‘促銷通常在戶外進行，人們坐在長凳、椅子或盒子上’確定B選項的seated表示坐的狀態(tài)，正確。

11.單選題

Ricci,45,isnowstrikingoutonperhapshisboldestventureyet.HeplanstomarketanEnglishlanguageeditionofhiselegantmonthlyartmagazine,FMR,intheUnitedStates.OnceagaintheskepticsaremurmuringthatthesuccessfulRiccihasheadedforabigfall.AndonceagainRicciintendstoprovethemwrong.

Ricciissoconfidentthathehaschristenedhisquest“OperationColumbus”andhassethissightsondiscoveringanAmericanreadershipof300,000.Thatgoalmaynotbetoofar-fetched.TheItalianeditionofFMR—theinitials,ofcourse,standforFrancoMariaRicci—isonly18monthsold.Butitisalreadythesecondlargestartmagazineintheworld,withacirculationof65,000andaprofitmarginofUS$500,000.TheAmericaneditionwillbepatternedaftertheItalianversion,witheach160issuecarryingonly40pagesofadsandnomorethanfivearticles.Butthecontentswilloftendiffer.TheEnglish-languageeditionwillincludemoreAmericanworks,Riccisays,tohelpAmericansgetover“aninferioritycomplexabouttheirart,”Healsohopesthatthemagazinewillbecomeavehicleforatwo-wayculturalexchange—whathelikestothinkofasamarriageofbrains,cultureandtastefrombothsidesoftheAtlantic.

Torealizethisvision,Ricciismountingoneofthemostlavish,enterprising—andexpensive-promotionalcampaignsinmagazine-publishinghistory.BetweenNovemberandJanuary,eightjumbojetswillfly8millioncopiesofasample16editionofFMRacrosstheAtlantic.FromawarehouseinMichigan,6.5millioncopieswillbemailedtoAmericansubscribersofvariouscultural,artandbusinessmagazines.SomeoftheremainingcopieswillcirculateasaspecialSundaysupplementintheNewYorkTimes.ThecostoflaunchingOperationColumbusisastaggeringUS$5million,butRicciishopingthat60%ofthepricetagwillbefinancedbyItaliancorporations.“TolandinAmericaColumbushadtouseSpanishsponsors,”readsonesentenceinhispromotionalpamphlet.“WewouldlikeItalians.”

LikeColumbus,Riccicannotknowwhathisreceptionwillbeonforeignshores.InItalyhegambled—andwon—onasimpleconcept:itismoreimportanttoshowartthantowriteaboutit.Hence,oneissueofFMRmightfeature32full-colorpagesof17th-centurytapestries,followedby14pagesofoutrageouseyeglasses.Heisgamblingthattheconceptisexportable.“Idon’texpectthatmorethan30%ofmyreader...willactuallyreadFMR,”hesays.“Themagazineissuchavisualdelightthattheydon’thaveto.”Still,heisliningupanimpressivestableofwritersandprofessorsfortheAmericanedition,includingNoamChomsky,AnthonyBurgess,EricJongandNormanMailer.Inaddition,heseemstobepursuinghisowneclecticvisionwithoutgivingamoment’sthoughttosuchestablishedcompetitorsasConnoisseurandHorizon.“TheAmericanscandoalmosteverythingbetterthanwecan，”saysRicci,“Butwe(theItalians)havea2,000yearedgeontheminart.”

1.RicciintendshisAmericaneditionofFMRtocarrymoreAmericanartworksinorderto（

）.

2.RicciiscomparedtoColumbusinthepassagemainlybecause

（

）.

3.WegettheimpressionthattheAmericaneditionofFMRwillprobably（

）.

問題1選項

A.boostAmericans’confidenceintheirart

B.followthepatternsetbyhisItalianedition

C.helpItaliansunderstandAmericanartbetter

D.expandthereadershipofhismagazine

問題2選項

A.theybothbenefitedfromItaliansponsors

B.theywereexplorersintheirownways

C.theyobtainedoverseassponsorship

D.theygotawarmreceptioninAmerica

問題3選項

A.carrymanyacademicarticlesofhighstandard

B.followthestyleofsomefamousexistingmagazines

C.bemadbyonethirdofAmericanmagazinereaders

D.pursueadistinctiveeditorialstyleofitsown

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。本題是問Ricci為什么計劃在美國版的FMR上登載更多的美國藝術品。根據本文的第二段倒數第二句“TheEnglish-languageeditionwillincludemoreAmericanworks,Riccisays,tohelpAmericansgetover‘aninferioritycomplexabouttheirart’.里奇說，英文版將包括更多的美國作品，以幫助美國人克服“對自己藝術的自卑情結”。’’由此可知，登載更多美國藝術品是為了幫助美國人樹立自信心，因為他們對其沒有太長歷史的文化藝術而感到自卑。A選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。本題是問本篇文章將Ricci和哥倫布相比的主要原因是什么。分析文章第二段‘OperationColumbus”andhassethissightsondiscoveringanAmerican’以及常識可知，哥倫布是一位探險家，他發(fā)現了美洲大陸，而Ricci是想要開拓美國的藝術雜志市場，是一位商業(yè)探索者，因此他們同是探索者。B選項正確。

3.推理判斷題。本題是問對美國雜志FMR的印象如何。由本文最后一段“Inaddition,heseemstobepursuinghisowneclecticvisionwithoutgivingamoment’sthoughttosuchestablishedcompetitorsasConnoisseurandHorizon.此外，他似乎在追求自己的折衷主義視野，而沒有考慮到像鑒賞家和地平線這樣的老牌競爭對手?！笨芍撾s志的編輯方式不同于其他藝術雜志，所以D選項D“追求自己獨特的藝術風格”正確。

12.單選題

Aftersuchaconfrontationbetweenthetwoparties,anyreconciliationwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.outofquestion

B.withinquestion

C.withoutquestion

D.outofthequestion

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。A選項“毫無疑問，沒問題”；C選項“毫無疑問”；D選項“不可能，根本談不上”；B選項不是一個短語；根據句意‘在兩黨之間有了這樣的沖突后，和解是不可能的了’確定D選項正確。

13.單選題

JosephHellerisagreatnovelistwhohasthrilledthousandsofleaders,（

）manyAmericanaccomplishednovelistskneelathisfeetandcan'thelpsinginghispraises.

問題1選項

A.inthat

B.somuchsothat

C.since

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】連詞詞義辨析題。A選項的inthat“因為，由于，既然”；B選項的somuchsothat“到這樣程度以至于……，甚至”；C選項的since通常用于現在完成時態(tài)，表示“自從……”；D選項的while“當……時候，然而……”。根據句意‘約瑟夫?海勒是個偉大的小說家，震驚了成千上萬的領導人，甚至很多美國著名的小說家都臣服于他的才華，情不自禁地贊揚他’確定B選項正確。

14.單選題

Whilemanypeopleutilizehomeopathicremediestotreathealthproblems,otherpeopledonot（

）suchalternativetreatments,（

）conventionalmedicaltreatments

instead.

問題1選項

A.distrust...employing

B.embrace...eschewing