住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-暨南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Lastweekthefinancialmanageraskedfora（）toBeijingbranch,whichwasjustsetupthreemonthsago.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transfer

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transport

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transfer“（地點(diǎn)的）轉(zhuǎn)移，（工作的）調(diào)動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)transmission“傳遞，傳送；播送”；C選項(xiàng)transformation“轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)換”；D選項(xiàng)transport“運(yùn)輸”。根據(jù)句意“上個(gè)星期財(cái)務(wù)部經(jīng)理申請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)去三個(gè)月前剛成立的北京分公司”，本句表示工作上的調(diào)動(dòng)，句中whichwasjustsetupthreemonthsago作非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Beijingbranch,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Marriageinhasteusuallyleadsto（）atleisure.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resentment

B.reluctance

C.repentance

D.fantasy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)resentment“憤恨，怨恨”；B選項(xiàng)reluctance“勉強(qiáng)”；C選項(xiàng)repentance“悔改，后悔”；D選項(xiàng)fantasy“幻想”。句意：草率結(jié)婚通常容易導(dǎo)致將來(lái)后悔。根據(jù)句意，此處選擇C選項(xiàng)repentance“悔改，后悔”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Threeweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthevergeof

B.onthesly

C.onthespot

D.ontheloss

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。onthevergeof“瀕臨于；接近于”；onthesly“偷偷地”；

onthespot“在場(chǎng)；立刻；處于困境”；ontheloss一般與of連用表示“喪失”，此處填的介詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)該與爆炸案件有關(guān)，所以此處只能選擇onthespot表示“在場(chǎng)”（這里指的是在案發(fā)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)）。句意：自殺爆炸事件過(guò)去三周之后，警察仍然在搜捕爆炸者，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈拧娜丝赡芨唷９收_答案為選項(xiàng)C。

4.單選題

Thediplomaticcrisishasbeen（）bythebreakdownofthetalksbetweentheleadersofthetwonations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withhold

B.nurtured

C.cultivated

D.approached

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)withhold“保留，克制”；B選項(xiàng)nurtured“培育，養(yǎng)育”；C選項(xiàng)cultivated“發(fā)展，耕作，教化”；D選項(xiàng)approached“接近，靠近”。句意：外交危機(jī)靠近是由于兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間的談判破裂而引起的。兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間談判失敗是導(dǎo)致外交危機(jī)的原因，那么外交危機(jī)就更接近了，選擇D選項(xiàng)approached“接近，靠近”意思正確。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Thefamousartist,whenaskedonthenewsreleaseforhisrecentworks,hissuccesstodiligenceandintelligence（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributed

B.attributed

C.devoted

D.dedicated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)contributed“有助于，貢獻(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)attributed“把……歸因于，歸結(jié)”；C選項(xiàng)devoted“獻(xiàn)身于，致力于”；D選項(xiàng)dedicated“把……奉獻(xiàn)給”。句意：這位著名的藝術(shù)家在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上被問(wèn)到他最近的作品時(shí)，他把他的成功都?xì)w功于勤奮和聰明。由空格前diligenceandintelligence（勤奮和聰明）以及success（成功）的邏輯關(guān)系可知是成功歸因于勤奮和聰明，所以B選項(xiàng)意思正確。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand（）toexpressedthoughts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dilemmas

B.countenances

C.concessions

D.junctions

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。dilemmas“困境”；countenances“面容；表情”；concessions“讓步；特權(quán)”；junctions“連接”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處要填的名詞與eyes是并列的，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有countenances能夠與eyes并列并表達(dá)出符合邏輯的句子意思。句意：人們可以通過(guò)觀察別人眼睛和……快速的反映或表情來(lái)更好的了解對(duì)方。因此選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

7.單選題

Haveyouthoughtwhatthe（）mightbeifyoudidn’twinyourcaseincourt?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.applications

B.connotations

C.implications

D.complications

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了同形詞辨析。applications“應(yīng)用；試用”；connotations“內(nèi)涵；含義”；implications“含義”；complications“并發(fā)癥；難題”，根據(jù)ifyoudidn’twinyourcase“如果你沒(méi)有贏得官司”，可知此處要表達(dá)的意思是會(huì)遇到難題、困境，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇名詞complications，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。句意為：你有沒(méi)有想過(guò)如果你沒(méi)有贏得這場(chǎng)官司，你將會(huì)面臨何種難題？

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct.Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.

Membershipinthemwascommonlyrestrictedtoafewprivilegedfamilies.Besides,theyweresocompletelychokedbytraditionthattheywereunabletomakeadjustmentstochangingconditions.Moreover,newindustrieshadsprungupentirelyoutsidetheguildsystem.Characteristicexampleswereminingandsmeltingandthewoolenindustry.Therapiddevelopmentoftheseenterpriseswasstimulatedbytechnicaladvances,suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.Intheminingandsmeltingindustriesaformoforganizationwasadoptedsimilartothatwhichhasprevailedeversince.

ButthemosttypicalformofindustrialproductionintheCommercialRevolutionwasthedomesticsystem,developedfirstofallinthewoolenindustry.Thedomesticsystemderivesitsnamefromthefactthattheworkwasdoneinthehomesofindustrialartisansinsteadofintheshopofamastercraftsman.Sincethevariousjobsinthemanufactureofaproductweregivenoutoncontract,thesystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic.Therawmaterialwaspurchasedbyanentrepreneurandassignedtoindividualworker,eachofwhomwouldcompletehisallottedtaskforastipulatedpayment.Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers,fillers,anddyerinsuccession.Whentheclothwasfinallyfinished,itwouldbetakenbytheclothierandsoldintheopenmarketforthehighestpriceitwouldbring.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatchangesdidtheCommercialRevolutionbringabout?

2.Theword“defunct”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,inwhichareawasitmoreenergy-effective?

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Methodsofproduction.

B.Appearanceofcraftguilds.

C.Increasedtradevolume.

D.Growthoftrade,bankingandmethodsofproduction.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.popular

B.obsolete

C.potential

D.extensive

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smeltingindustry

B.Miningindustry

C.Banking

D.Weaving

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theguildsystemwasmoreefficient

B.thedomesticsystemwascapitalistic

C.thetechnicaladvancestimulatedtheguildsystem

D.thedomesticsystemwasnotasefficientastheguildsystem

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Technicaladvancesstimulatedthedevelopmentofenterprises.

B.Inthewoolenindustry,weaverswouldpassontheirproductstospinners.

C.Thedomesticsystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.

D.Theword“clothier”issynonymousto“entrepreneur”inthiscontext.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，商業(yè)革命帶來(lái)了哪些變化？選項(xiàng)A“生產(chǎn)方式”；選項(xiàng)B“手工業(yè)工會(huì)的出現(xiàn)”；選項(xiàng)C“貿(mào)易量的增加”；選項(xiàng)D“貿(mào)易，銀行和生產(chǎn)方式的進(jìn)步”，根據(jù)第一段第一句的內(nèi)容“TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.當(dāng)然，商業(yè)革命沒(méi)有限制貿(mào)易和銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展。它還帶來(lái)了生產(chǎn)方式的根本性變化”，所以商業(yè)革命的影響包括兩方面的內(nèi)容，選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B表達(dá)的都正確，但是只是一部分的影響，不全面，所以可以排除；選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

第2題:詞義辨析題。第一段中“defunct”這個(gè)單詞大概的意思是，popular“流行的”；obsolete“廢棄的，已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)的”；potential“潛在的；有潛力的”；extensive“廣泛的”，我們可以根據(jù)下文來(lái)猜測(cè)這個(gè)單詞的含義，根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.工會(huì)本身被精通技術(shù)的人主導(dǎo)，變得自私和排他”，這句話是對(duì)“defunct”所在句“ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct”中世紀(jì)晚期，由手工工會(huì)發(fā)展而來(lái)的制造業(yè)迅速地變得“defunct”的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思應(yīng)該是obsolete，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，哪個(gè)地方的能源利用最高效？選項(xiàng)A“冶煉行業(yè)”；選項(xiàng)B“煤礦業(yè)”；選項(xiàng)C“銀行業(yè)”；選項(xiàng)D“紡織業(yè)”；根據(jù)文章第二段中“suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.如轉(zhuǎn)輪的發(fā)明和葡萄酒生產(chǎn)銅的方法，它們只需要以前大約一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技術(shù)的改進(jìn)，在冶煉行業(yè)能源的使用變得十分的高效,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。作者暗示什么，選項(xiàng)A“工會(huì)制度更加高效”；選項(xiàng)B“家庭手工制是資本主義”；選項(xiàng)C“技術(shù)進(jìn)步刺激了工會(huì)制度”；選項(xiàng)D“家庭手工制不如工會(huì)制度那么有效率”，根據(jù)文章第三段中“Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic盡管生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小，組織基本上是資本主義”，可知家庭手工制是資本主義，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，以下哪個(gè)陳述是不對(duì)的？選項(xiàng)A“技術(shù)進(jìn)步刺激了企業(yè)的發(fā)展”；選項(xiàng)B“在羊毛工業(yè)中，織布工可以把產(chǎn)品傳遞給紡紗工”；選項(xiàng)C“家庭手工業(yè)也稱為散工制”；選項(xiàng)D在這篇文章中，“呢絨商”是“企業(yè)家”的代名詞，根據(jù)文章第三段中“Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers…羊毛產(chǎn)業(yè)的紗線會(huì)首先給紡紗工，然后傳遞給織布工”，可知并非織布工把產(chǎn)品傳遞給紡紗工，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Sociologyisdefinedasthestudyofhumangroups.Inthebroadestsense,sociologyisconcernedwithunderstandingpatternsofhumanrelationships,theircausesandtheireffects.Unlikepsychology,sociologydoesnotattempttoexplainthebehaviorofaparticularindividualundercertaincircumstances.Rather,sociologyfocusesonsocialtrendsorotherinfluencesthataffectwholegroupsorcategoriesofpeople.Thus,whileapsychologistmightcounselanindividualwhofeelsworthlessafterretiringfromalongandsuccessfulcareer,asociologistwouldbemorelikelytoexaminesocietalattitudesthatmaycontributetothelossofself-esteemexperiencedbymanyretiredpersonsinoursociety.

TheemphasisthatsociologyplacesonhumangroupsratherthanindividualsstemsdirectlyfromtheworkofEmileDurkheim,apioneeringsociologistofthenineteenthcentury.Durkheimlikenedthenatureofasocialgrouptobronze,auniquemetalthatisformedwhenthemetalstin,copper,andleadaremeltedandmixedtogether.Durkheimnotedthatbronzeismuchharderthananyofitscomponentmetals.Inthesameway,hereasoned,thecharacteristicsofasocialgroupviewedasawholecannotbedeterminedsimplybyexaminingthecharacteristicsofitsindividualmembers.Norcanindividualsbeunderstoodstrictlyintermsoftheindividualsthemselves;whenpeoplecometogetherasmembersofaparticulargroup,thegroupexertsconsiderablepressureontheindividualtoconformtowhatitconsidersacceptablewaysofthinking,feeling,andbehaving.Besidesdevelopingatheoreticalfoundationforthestudyofsocialgroups,Durkheimalsoconductedresearchdesignedtocorroboratehistheoreticalwork.Usinglandmarkresearchmethods,Durkheimcollectedandanalyzeddatafromanumberofcountriesthatkeptrecordsonsuicides.

Hewantedtoshowthatsocialenvironmentmayhaveaprofoundeffectevenonthosebehaviorsweconsidermostpersonal.Theresultsofhisstudyshowedthatsuicideratesdoindeedvaryaccordingtospecificsocialcharacteristics.

Forexample,Durkheimfoundthatmembersofreligionswithstrongprohibitionsagainstsuicidearelesslikelytocommitsuicidethanaremembersofreligiousgroupswithweakerprohibitions.Healsofoundalowerincidenceofsuicideamongmarriedpersonsthanamongpersonswhoweresingleordivorced.Takentogether,thefindingsofDurkheim’sstudyprovidedconvincingevidencethatsocialgroupsdoindeedexertpressuresthatcontrolorregulatethebehaviorofindividuals,includingdeeplypersonalbehaviors.

Durkheim’srigorousresearchmethodscapturedtheattentionofsociologistsaroundtheworld,andwereperhapsevenmoreimportanttothefuturedevelopmentofsociologythananyspecificresearchresultscouldbe.Withinashorttime,hisspecificapproachtoformulatingandtestingsocialtheorybecameamodelthatguidedtheworkofnearlyallsociologists.ThisassuredEmileDurkheimalastingplaceasoneofthekeyfiguresinthehistoryofsociology.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaoftheselection?

2.Thewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthisselectionisto（）.

3.Accordingtotheselection,howdosociologistsandpsychologistsdiffer?

4.Incomparingsocialgroupstobronze,Durkheimwishedtoillustratetheideathat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinesthewordmodelasitisusedinthelastparagraphoftheselection?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.BoththesocialgrouptheoryandthescientificresearchmethodsdevelopedbyDurkheimhavecontributedmuchtothefieldofsociology.

B.Durkheimbelievedthatindividualmembersofagroupstronglyinfluencethegroup’swaysofthinking,feeling,andbehaving.

C.TheresearchstudyconductedbyDurkheimprovidedstrongevidencethatsuicideratesvaryamongmembersofdifferentsocialgroups.

D.Throughhisresearch,Durkheimmadegreatstridesindistinguishingsociologyfrompsychology.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.outlinethestepsDurkheimfollowedinconductinghisresearchstudy

B.describethewaysinwhichDurkheim’sworkhasinfluencedsociology

C.persuadethereaderthatsocialgroupscontrolmostofthebehaviorsoftheirindividualmembers

D.explainthedifferencesbetweensociologyandpsychology

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Sociologistsaremoreconcernedwithexplainingbehaviorthanpsychologists.

B.Psychologistsfocusmoreonindividualsthandosociologists.

C.Sociologistsspendmoretimehelpingpeoplesolvetheirproblemsthandopsychologists.

D.Psychologistsaremoreinterestedinunderstandingpatternsofhumanrelationshipsthanaresociologists.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.asocialgrouphascharacteristicsthatdifferfromthoseofitsindividualmembers

B.socialgroupsaremadeupofthreemajorcomponentpartsactingtogether

C.eachsocialgroupisauniqueentitythatisunlikeanyothersocialgroup

D.socialgroupsareextremelydifficulttobreakapartoncetheyhavebeenformed

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Oneoftwoormorealternativestyles

B.Anartist’ssubject

C.Asmallcopyofanobject

D.Aplantobeimitated

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章第一段sociologyfocusesonsocialtrendsorotherinfluencesthataffectwholegroupsorcategoriesofpeople.“社會(huì)學(xué)關(guān)注社會(huì)趨勢(shì)或影響整個(gè)群體或人群類別的其他影響?！敝饕v述社會(huì)群體理論，文章最后一段Durkheim’srigorousresearchmethodscapturedtheattentionofsociologistsaroundtheworld“迪爾凱姆嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)难芯糠椒ㄒ鹆巳澜缟鐣?huì)學(xué)家的注意”提及迪爾凱姆社會(huì)學(xué)的研究方法，所以A選項(xiàng)“迪爾凱姆的社會(huì)群體理論和科學(xué)的研究方法為社會(huì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。”表達(dá)了選文的主要思想。B選項(xiàng)“迪爾凱姆認(rèn)為，一個(gè)群體中的個(gè)體成員強(qiáng)烈地影響著這個(gè)群體的思維、感受和行為方式?！蔽闹薪榻B是群體影響個(gè)人而不是個(gè)體影響群體；C選項(xiàng)“迪爾凱姆進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究提供了強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)，證明不同社會(huì)群體成員的自殺率各不相同。”只是個(gè)別舉例并不能以偏概全；D選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)他的研究，迪爾凱姆在區(qū)分社會(huì)學(xué)和心理學(xué)方面取得了很大的進(jìn)步?！钡蠣杽P姆的研究并不是為了證明社會(huì)學(xué)與心理學(xué)的區(qū)別。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:主旨大意題。由上一題可知文章的主要思想是“迪爾凱姆的社會(huì)群體理論和科學(xué)的研究方法為社會(huì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)”，作者寫這篇選文的主要目的是介紹他的理論和研究方法是如何影響社會(huì)學(xué)的，所以B選項(xiàng)“描述迪爾凱姆的作品影響社會(huì)學(xué)的方式”與題意相符。A選項(xiàng)“概述迪爾凱姆在進(jìn)行他的研究時(shí)所遵循的步驟”、C選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)服讀者，社會(huì)群體控制著他們個(gè)體成員的大部分行為”和D選項(xiàng)“解釋社會(huì)學(xué)和心理學(xué)之間的區(qū)別”都只是整篇文章當(dāng)中的部分內(nèi)容，不能概括全文。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段中有提到二者的區(qū)別，Unlikepsychology,sociologydoesnotattempttoexplainthebehaviorofaparticularindividualundercertaincircumstances.Rather,sociologyfocusesonsocialtrendsorotherinfluencesthataffectwholegroupsorcategoriesofpeople.“與心理學(xué)不同，社會(huì)學(xué)不試圖解釋特定個(gè)體在特定環(huán)境下的行為。相反，社會(huì)學(xué)關(guān)注的是社會(huì)趨勢(shì)或影響整個(gè)群體或人群類別的其他影響?！庇纱丝芍?，社會(huì)學(xué)關(guān)注社會(huì)趨勢(shì)或社會(huì)群體，而心理學(xué)更關(guān)注個(gè)人。所以B選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家比社會(huì)學(xué)家更關(guān)注個(gè)體”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)學(xué)家比心理學(xué)家更關(guān)心解釋行為”并未涉及；C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)學(xué)家比心理學(xué)家花更多的時(shí)間幫助人們解決問(wèn)題”與題意不符；D選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家比社會(huì)學(xué)家對(duì)理解人類關(guān)系的模式更感興趣”與原文表述不同。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞bronze定位到文章第二段Durkheimlikenedthenatureofasocialgrouptobronze,auniquemetalthatisformedwhenthemetalstin,copper,andleadaremeltedandmixedtogether.Durkheimnotedthatbronzeismuchharderthananyofitscomponentmetals.“迪爾凱姆把一個(gè)社會(huì)群體的本質(zhì)比作青銅，一種獨(dú)特的金屬，是由錫、銅和鉛熔化并混合在一起形成的。迪爾凱姆指出，青銅比它的任何組成金屬都要堅(jiān)硬得多?！弊髡叩囊馑际前讶后w類比青銅，錫、銅和鉛等比作個(gè)體，那么群體的特點(diǎn)跟個(gè)體會(huì)與眾不同。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)社會(huì)群體具有與其個(gè)體成員不同的特征”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)群體由三個(gè)共同行動(dòng)的主要組成部分組成”與原文意思不符；C選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)社會(huì)群體都是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的實(shí)體，不同于任何其他社會(huì)群體”，原文說(shuō)的是群體和個(gè)體的差異，而不是不同群體的差異，所以C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)群體一旦形成就極難分裂”與題目意思中的類比并無(wú)聯(lián)系。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞model定位到文章最后一段Withinashorttime,hisspecificapproachtoformulatingandtestingsocialtheorybecameamodelthatguidedtheworkofnearlyallsociologists.“在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，他制定和檢驗(yàn)社會(huì)理論的具體方法成為幾乎所有社會(huì)學(xué)家工作的指導(dǎo)模式。”作者表述這個(gè)model為社會(huì)學(xué)家的工作提供了指導(dǎo)。A選項(xiàng)“兩種或多種可選樣式之一”與題意不符；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的主體”原文并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“物體的小模型”不合題意；D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)被模仿的計(jì)劃”，這種方法提供了指導(dǎo)作用，被他人模仿學(xué)習(xí)，D選項(xiàng)接近原文所表達(dá)的意思，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Asthepainteris（）topollens,heregretsalotforlosingthechanceofdrawingthebeautyofspringinthefields.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nostalgic

B.insolent

C.acute

D.allergic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)nostalgic“懷舊的，鄉(xiāng)愁的”；B選項(xiàng)insolent“無(wú)禮的，傲慢的”；C選項(xiàng)acute“急性的，敏銳的”；D選項(xiàng)allergic“對(duì)……過(guò)敏的，對(duì)……極討厭的”。句意：因?yàn)檫@個(gè)畫家對(duì)花粉……，他很遺憾要失去野外寫生的機(jī)會(huì)。由后面句子heregretsalotforlosingthechanceofdrawingthebeautyofspringinthefields（他很遺憾要……）可知D選項(xiàng)allergic“對(duì)……過(guò)敏的”（畫家對(duì)花粉過(guò)敏）與前后意思對(duì)應(yīng)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Hejoinedacomputerdatingscheme（）butsofarithasn’tasuitablepatter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeby

B.comeacross

C.comeupwith

D.comeroundto

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查了詞組的辨析。comeby“經(jīng)過(guò)”；comeacross“偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”；comeupwith“想出”；comeroundto“改變主意”，此處只有使用詞組comeacross表示“偶然”才符合句子的語(yǔ)義邏輯，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意為：他偶然加入了一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)日程計(jì)劃，但是到目前為止它還沒(méi)有一個(gè)合適的模式。

12.單選題

Theemphasisonexaminationsisbyfarthe（）worstformofcompetitioninschools.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible“可食用的”；fabulous“難以置信的；極好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根據(jù)句子意思可知此處應(yīng)該填一個(gè)形容詞，并且是表示貶義的形容詞來(lái)形容“強(qiáng)調(diào)考試”這種糟糕的競(jìng)賽方式，分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有disproportionate最恰當(dāng)。句意：對(duì)考試的強(qiáng)調(diào)是目前學(xué)校里面最不合理……競(jìng)賽方式。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

13.單選題

Thediscrepantinthecompanyaccountsisso（）thatnoauditorcouldhavefailedtonoticeit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneous

B.conspicuous

C.notorious

D.superfluous

【答案】B

【解析】考查同形詞詞義辨析。spontaneous“自發(fā)的；無(wú)意識(shí)的”；conspicuous“顯而易見的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；superfluous“多余的；奢侈的”，根據(jù)that后面的內(nèi)容“任何一個(gè)審計(jì)員都能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)”可知此處的discrepant“差異”非常明顯，所以此處應(yīng)該使用conspicuous。句意：這個(gè)公司賬目上的不符非?！魏我粋€(gè)審計(jì)員都能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

14.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.Itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohaveagoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.Thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.

Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway.Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,Iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,ortheindividualsofasinglespecies.

11.Accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcomprisetheperfectmindare（）.

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

12.Thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:（）.

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

13.Abouthimselftheauthorstatesthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

14.Theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

15.Accordingtotheauthor,theabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis（）.

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段開頭可知，“我”從未認(rèn)為自己的理智比一般人更完美，由此可推斷接下來(lái)作者將介紹完美理智的特點(diǎn)。由Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen（事實(shí)上，我常常希望我的思想能像別人那樣敏捷，我的想象力能像別人那樣精確而清晰，我的記憶力能像別人那樣豐富而迅速）可以推斷，作者認(rèn)為完美的理智需要的是敏捷的思維、精確清晰的想象力和快速的記憶力，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:主旨大意題。第一段介紹了人們的理智是bynatureequalinallmen（天生就是平等的），之所以意見不一致，是因?yàn)樗季S方向不同，因此A選項(xiàng)“人生來(lái)就有著同樣的善意”符合題意。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第二段第一句Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway（就我而言，我從來(lái)沒(méi)有認(rèn)為我的頭腦比一般人更完美）可知D選項(xiàng)“他從未覺(jué)得自己的頭腦比一般人更完美”符合題意。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第三句中的forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts（因?yàn)橹挥欣碇遣拍苁刮覀兂蔀槿?，才能使我們區(qū)別于野獸）可知D選項(xiàng)“理智”正確。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第一段第二句中的theabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen（人們辨別是非的能力，就其本質(zhì)而言即理性，天生就是平等的）可知B選項(xiàng)“被平等地賦予所有人”正確。

15.單選題

Theyoungmanlikedthegracefulgirlnexttothedooratthefirstsight;thefeelingis（）,asthegirlsmiledslightlyathim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mutual

B.visible

C.literal

D.inevitable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mutual“相互的，彼此的”；B選項(xiàng)visible“明顯的，可見的”；C選項(xiàng)literal“文字的”；D選項(xiàng)inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：這個(gè)年輕人第一眼就喜歡門邊那個(gè)優(yōu)雅的姑娘，這種感覺(jué)是相互的，因?yàn)槟桥?duì)他也微微一笑。根據(jù)空格前后兩句的意思以及常識(shí)，可知男孩喜歡女孩，而女孩也微笑回應(yīng)，他們互有好感，A選項(xiàng)mutual“相互的，彼此的”意思對(duì)應(yīng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。soared“飄升”；mutated“變化；突變”；plummeted“驟降”；fluctuated“波動(dòng)”，根據(jù)lowestlevel“最低水平”可知此處應(yīng)該填plummeted。句意：根據(jù)最近的報(bào)告，消費(fèi)者信任度上個(gè)月驚人的……15個(gè)點(diǎn)，達(dá)到九年中最低值。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

17.單選題

It’suptoyouwhethertobuythatvillaornotbutmyadviceis,beforeyourdecision,youmusthaveit（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overlooked

B.observed

C.scanned

D.surveyed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)overlooked“忽略”；B選項(xiàng)observed“觀察，注意到”；C選項(xiàng)scanned“掃描，細(xì)看，瀏覽”；D選項(xiàng)surveyed“調(diào)查”。句意：這完全取決于你是否買那幢別墅了，但我的建議是，在決定之前，你必須仔細(xì)檢查一下。根據(jù)提到的“買別墅”這件事，可知此處應(yīng)該是建議要好好檢查房子，其他選項(xiàng)觀察或者調(diào)查都不太合適，scan這個(gè)動(dòng)詞，有表示仔細(xì)檢查的意思，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

18.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

AlanChangwasahandsomeyoungmanwithgoodmanners.

Onemorninghewaswalkingalongastreetonhiswaytoanappointment.Hedidnotwanttobeearlyorlate.Hehadforgottentoputonhiswatchsohewentuptoamanwhowaswaitingforataxi.

“Excuseme,sir,”hesaid,verypolitely,“butcouldyoutellmethetime?”

Theman,whowasverywell-dressedandlookedquiterich,saidnothing.HedidnotevenlookatAlan.

Alanspoketohimagain.“Excuseme,sir,”hesaid,“butcouldyoupleasetellmewhattimeis?”

Thistimethemanlookedathim,buthedidnotspeakandlookedquicklyaway.

Alanthoughttohimself:Well,he’snotdeaf.Hemustbejustrude.

“Whywon’tyoutellmethetime,sir?”hedemanded.

Themanturnedtowardshimandsaid,“Trytounderstandme,Iamstandingherewaitingforataxi.Youcomeuptomeandaskmeforthetime.IfItellittoyou,youwillthankme.Iwillsay,‘That’sallright.’Youmaythensay,‘It’sabeautifulday,’towhichImayreply‘Yes,Ilikethesesunnywinterdays.’Beforeweknowwhatishappeningwehaveafriendlyconversation.Youareapleasant,politeyoungmanandsowhenmytaxicomes,Iofferyouaride.Youaccept.Wetalk.Ilikeyou.Youlikeme.Iinviteyoutomyhome.Youmeetmydaughter.Sheisaveryprettygirl.Youareagood-lookingman.Youlikeeachother.Soonyoufallinlove.Youwanttomarry.Nowdoyouunderstandmyproblem?”

Alanshookhishead.

“Nosir,I’msorry,Idon’t.Everythingyouhavesaidseemsverynaturaltome.”

“Exactly,”themansaid,“andIdonotwantmydaughtertomarryamanwhoistoopoortobuyawatch.Goodmorningtoyou,”andwiththesewordshehurriedaway.

1.WhydidAlanaskthemanwhattimeitwas?

2.WhatdidAlanthinkthemanwaswhenhewouldnottellhimthetime?

3.Whydidn’tthemantellAlanthetime?

4.WhatkindofamandidthemanconsiderAlanChang?

5.Whatisthestoryreallyabout?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hewaslate.

B.Hewasearly.

C.Hehadforgottentoputonhiswatch.

D.Hewantedtomeettheman’sdaughter.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.rude

B.deaf

C.stupid

D.unabletospeakEnglish

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hedidnotknowit.

B.Hedidnothaveawatch.

C.HethoughtAlanwasathief.

D.HedidnotwanttospeaktoAlan.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.athief

B.apoorman

C.acheat

D.arichman

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.tellingthetime

B.beingrudetopeople

C.notspeakingtostrangers

D.onethingleadingtoanother

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第三句Hehadforgottentoputonhiswatchsohewentuptoamanwhowaswaitingforataxi（他忘了戴表，所以走到一個(gè)正在等出租車的人面前）可知C選項(xiàng)“他忘了戴表”正確。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第七段Alanthoughttohimself:Well,he’snotdeaf.Hemustbejustrude（艾倫心想：嗯，他不是聾子。他一定只是沒(méi)有禮貌）可知，A選項(xiàng)“粗魯?shù)模瑹o(wú)禮的”正確。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第九段至末尾可知，“那個(gè)男人”不想讓女兒嫁給Alan，因此不想跟他說(shuō)話，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。A、B、C選項(xiàng)在本文中均未被提及。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由最后一段中的Idonotwantmydaughtertomarryamanwhoistoopoortobuyawatch（我不希望我的女兒嫁給一個(gè)窮得連手表都買不起的人）可知Alan被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)窮人，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章講述了Alan向路人打聽時(shí)間，路人卻想象了“Alan會(huì)跟他相談甚歡，然后他邀請(qǐng)Alan搭便車，之后邀請(qǐng)Alan去他家，Alan見到了他的女兒并與他女兒陷入愛(ài)河”等一系列事情，因此D選項(xiàng)“一件事引發(fā)另一件事”符合題意。

19.單選題

Aweeklater,（）actionsweretakentocontroltheinflation,whichcausedriotsalloverthecountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.desperate

B.ambivalent

C.ambiguous

D.deliberate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)desperate“拼命的，絕望的”；B選項(xiàng)ambivalent“矛盾的”；C選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模棱兩可的”；D選項(xiàng)deliberate“故意的，深思熟慮的”。句意：一周后，政府采取了深思熟慮的措施來(lái)控制造成全國(guó)混亂的通貨膨脹。此處填入空格的形容詞修飾actions（措施，行動(dòng)）。由句意可知一周之后才采取措施，那肯定是經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮的，D選項(xiàng)“深思熟慮的措施”符合題意，其他選項(xiàng)都不準(zhǔn)確。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Peopleinnately（）forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.