1、目 錄緒論.11、選題的目的和意義.12、本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容、思路和方法.1第一章 川維廠物流進(jìn)展戰(zhàn)略定位.31、川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介.32、川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)目前存在的問(wèn)題.63、川維廠物流進(jìn)展的機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn).94、川維廠物流進(jìn)展戰(zhàn)略定位.15第二章 物流信息化與物流流程重組.171、物流流程重組原理及分析.172、物流信息系統(tǒng)的完善.203、物流流程重組.253.1組織一體化改造.253.2物流運(yùn)作.28第三章 川維廠物流競(jìng)爭(zhēng)策略、服務(wù)理念.301、川維廠物流競(jìng)爭(zhēng)策略.301.1物流市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu).301.2競(jìng)爭(zhēng)策略.321.3川維廠物流改革績(jī)效.402、川維廠物流服務(wù)理念.472.1以“客戶(hù)為中心”的物流

2、精神.472.2以“降低客戶(hù)經(jīng)營(yíng)成本”為全然的服務(wù)目標(biāo)482.3以“伙伴式、雙贏策略”為準(zhǔn)則的物流模式.482.4以“服務(wù)社會(huì)，服務(wù)國(guó)家”為價(jià)值取向的物流宗旨.48第四章 川維廠物流進(jìn)展方向.491、第三方物流是川維廠物流進(jìn)展的選擇.491.1進(jìn)展第三方物流的條件.491.2川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)公司的歷史和現(xiàn)狀表明它具有實(shí)施第三方物流的條件.50 1.3第三方物流業(yè)務(wù)的開(kāi)展522、第四方物流川維廠物流進(jìn)展方向522.1第四方物流的特點(diǎn).522.2開(kāi)展第四方物流的條件.532.3第四方物流是川維廠物流進(jìn)展方向543、川維廠物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)化經(jīng)營(yíng).553.1石化儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)現(xiàn)狀分析.553.2石化儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化經(jīng)營(yíng)的基

3、礎(chǔ).573.3物流信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)化.593.4物流組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)化.65第五章 結(jié)論.71致謝.73參考文獻(xiàn).74摘 要川維廠是中國(guó)石油化工集團(tuán)公司下屬的一家以天然氣為要緊原料的大型石化企業(yè)，其要緊產(chǎn)品有甲醇、聚乙烯醇、醋酸、VAE等。其產(chǎn)品、原料的儲(chǔ)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)要緊由自己的物流儲(chǔ)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)完成，與物流運(yùn)作有關(guān)的二級(jí)單位要緊有四個(gè)：運(yùn)輸公司、銷(xiāo)售公司、物裝公司、中轉(zhuǎn)站。運(yùn)輸公司的要緊職能是負(fù)責(zé)全廠的公路、水路（汽車(chē)、槽船）物資運(yùn)輸，銷(xiāo)售公司要緊負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)品的儲(chǔ)存及產(chǎn)品發(fā)運(yùn)打算的制定，中轉(zhuǎn)站要緊負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)品、原料的鐵路儲(chǔ)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，物裝公司負(fù)責(zé)原料的儲(chǔ)存、發(fā)放。由于歷史的緣故，川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)涉及到四家要緊的二級(jí)單位，相互職能交叉，資

4、源分散，形成多頭治理，信息不暢，阻礙了產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售和原材料的采購(gòu)，加大了庫(kù)存成本，整個(gè)物流成本居高不下，直接制約了川維廠的經(jīng)營(yíng)進(jìn)展，阻礙了川維廠的整體利益。國(guó)家鼓舞進(jìn)展物流產(chǎn)業(yè)，信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的采納為物流的進(jìn)展提供了技術(shù)保障，中國(guó)加入WTO及龐大的國(guó)內(nèi)物流市場(chǎng)為物流業(yè)的進(jìn)展提供了機(jī)遇，目前國(guó)內(nèi)物流進(jìn)展處于特不行的時(shí)機(jī)。重慶經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速進(jìn)展和獨(dú)特的地理位置為川維廠的物流進(jìn)展提供了機(jī)遇，川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)地域布局和周邊環(huán)境優(yōu)勢(shì)為川維廠的物流進(jìn)展提供了保障，川維廠物流進(jìn)展的在位優(yōu)勢(shì)和穩(wěn)定不斷增長(zhǎng)的物流業(yè)務(wù)為川維廠物流的開(kāi)展奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。因此川維廠的物流進(jìn)展也存在挑戰(zhàn)：我國(guó)物流企業(yè)面臨著整合和重組的挑戰(zhàn)；川維

5、廠自辦物流方式受到極大的挑戰(zhàn)；川維廠總體布局沒(méi)有進(jìn)行物流的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)，企業(yè)現(xiàn)有的物流分離，導(dǎo)致整體優(yōu)化成為不可能；物流信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)落后，企業(yè)物流與社會(huì)物流的物理銜接不合理；物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不完善、技術(shù)裝備落后,同時(shí)川維廠物流組織結(jié)構(gòu)（體制）不適應(yīng)物流進(jìn)展的需要川維廠物流系統(tǒng)各單位長(zhǎng)期從事石化產(chǎn)品的儲(chǔ)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)工作，關(guān)于化學(xué)危險(xiǎn)品的儲(chǔ)存、運(yùn)輸有豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。儲(chǔ)運(yùn)化學(xué)危險(xiǎn)品的設(shè)施較齊全，各種安全措施、治理制度完善，有一批精通業(yè)務(wù)的治理人才，為現(xiàn)代化專(zhuān)業(yè)化工物流的開(kāi)展制造了條件。特不是1998年開(kāi)始川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)為揚(yáng)子江乙?；び邢薰咎峁┑谌轿锪鞣?wù)以來(lái)，物流治理水平有較大的提高，積存了一定的第三方物流運(yùn)作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

6、。依照川維廠物流進(jìn)展的機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)分析及其目前所開(kāi)展的工作，川維廠物流應(yīng)定位于創(chuàng)建大型現(xiàn)代化專(zhuān)業(yè)化工物流公司上。立足于川維，服務(wù)好川維，面向社會(huì)，積極利用為揚(yáng)子江乙?；び邢薰咎峁┪锪鞣?wù)的良好信譽(yù)開(kāi)展對(duì)外儲(chǔ)運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)，利用重慶市興建化工園區(qū)的大好機(jī)會(huì)提供第三方物流服務(wù)。企業(yè)業(yè)績(jī)表現(xiàn)與流程對(duì)客戶(hù)重要性矩陣圖是選擇BPR切入點(diǎn)的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而由特不有用的工具。川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)公司通過(guò)對(duì)18家客戶(hù)的市場(chǎng)調(diào)查,發(fā)覺(jué)屬于客戶(hù)重視，企業(yè)表現(xiàn)差的流程：物流分段運(yùn)作、物流信息化程度低、服務(wù)治理水平低。依照一項(xiàng)流程的重要性和對(duì)該流程進(jìn)行再造所需花費(fèi)的資源多少，來(lái)確定是否將其作為流程再造的對(duì)象。依照調(diào)查、分析，我們將改變物流

7、分段運(yùn)作，進(jìn)行物流組織一體化改造作為物流流程再造的第一類(lèi)，優(yōu)先進(jìn)行；將物流信息系統(tǒng)的完善，提高物流信息傳遞效率作為第二類(lèi)，有打算地把這類(lèi)流程作為增加顧客中意度的有效手段來(lái)實(shí)施。用戶(hù)、供應(yīng)商及銷(xiāo)售公司、物裝公司與各生產(chǎn)單位、儲(chǔ)運(yùn)單位的聯(lián)系差不多上通過(guò)電話(huà)溝通，并通過(guò)提交打算、領(lǐng)料單、發(fā)貨單等來(lái)完成各項(xiàng)作業(yè)，存在效率低下、庫(kù)存高、信息不能共享、信息不及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確等缺陷。為此必須進(jìn)行物流信息系統(tǒng)改造，依照“可得性（availability）精確性（accuracy）：及時(shí)性（timeliness）靈活性(flexibility) 適當(dāng)形式化（appropriate format）”等原理進(jìn)行物流信息系

8、統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。完成物流信息化改造后，川維廠物流所涉及的資源緊密地結(jié)合起來(lái)，提高了資源利用率；通過(guò)整合使業(yè)務(wù)各環(huán)節(jié)資源的利用效率得到提高；市場(chǎng)預(yù)測(cè)和打算準(zhǔn)確性的提高，使庫(kù)存降低；各個(gè)部門(mén)之間關(guān)系更加緊密，流程更暢通，運(yùn)作效率更高。實(shí)時(shí)、動(dòng)態(tài)的信息為分析提供基礎(chǔ)、為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)決策提供依據(jù)。進(jìn)行物流集中治理，首先要進(jìn)行物流組織一體化改造。組織一體化實(shí)際上確實(shí)是將企業(yè)原來(lái)分散的物流模式統(tǒng)一化和集成化，組建一體化的物流系統(tǒng)。2002年11月川維廠以中轉(zhuǎn)站、運(yùn)輸公司為物流改革的主體單位組建儲(chǔ)運(yùn)公司，將原銷(xiāo)售公司、物裝公司的倉(cāng)庫(kù)及各二級(jí)單位的倉(cāng)庫(kù)全部劃歸儲(chǔ)運(yùn)公司，按照組建現(xiàn)代物流企業(yè)的構(gòu)想對(duì)物流組織進(jìn)行整體改制，通過(guò)對(duì)

9、“人力、運(yùn)力、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)”資源的整合與重組，完成大型物流企業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)框架的整體構(gòu)建。對(duì)原有物流組織進(jìn)行改造，其要緊目的是減少治理運(yùn)行結(jié)構(gòu)層次，縮短物流服務(wù)與市場(chǎng)距離，提高對(duì)市場(chǎng)變化的反應(yīng)能力。川維廠完成儲(chǔ)運(yùn)公司的組織一體化改造和物流信息系統(tǒng)的完善，為新的業(yè)務(wù)流程重組打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。新的業(yè)務(wù)流程明確儲(chǔ)運(yùn)公司與銷(xiāo)售公司、物裝公司是一種契約關(guān)系，儲(chǔ)運(yùn)公司與客戶(hù)不存在費(fèi)用結(jié)算關(guān)系，蓬布、車(chē)輛租賃等其它費(fèi)用全部計(jì)入產(chǎn)品價(jià)格內(nèi)，實(shí)行“一票到家”“一費(fèi)管全費(fèi)”，縮短營(yíng)銷(xiāo)流程，消除不必要的環(huán)節(jié)，為客戶(hù)提供最為便捷的“門(mén)到門(mén)”的集成式服務(wù)。本文運(yùn)用市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)理論、波特五種力量模型理論，對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)物流市場(chǎng)和石化物流市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)進(jìn)

10、行了分析和研究，得出了國(guó)內(nèi)物流市場(chǎng)和石化物流市場(chǎng)的特點(diǎn)。本文指出，從物流行業(yè)特點(diǎn)研究來(lái)看，我國(guó)目前石化物流市場(chǎng)較接近于完全壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)，而國(guó)內(nèi)的物流行業(yè)較接近于完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)，其進(jìn)展趨勢(shì)是進(jìn)一步向典型的寡頭壟斷市場(chǎng)靠近；從波特五種力量模型理論看，物流行業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者和進(jìn)入者威脅程度高，供應(yīng)商和使用者威脅程度中等，替代行業(yè)威脅程度低，而整個(gè)行業(yè)的威脅程度中偏高，全行業(yè)的績(jī)效低于正常水平。提出川維廠的物流進(jìn)展策略：立足川維、服務(wù)川維，面向社會(huì)，積極、穩(wěn)步開(kāi)展第三方物流；提高物流服務(wù)水平，開(kāi)展廠內(nèi)物流配送；對(duì)現(xiàn)有庫(kù)房進(jìn)行整體規(guī)劃，成立物流配送中心；與國(guó)外聞名物流企業(yè)合作。川維廠實(shí)行物流體制改革，組建儲(chǔ)運(yùn)公

11、司，完善物流信息系統(tǒng)，川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)公司取得了良好的效益，同時(shí)川維廠大大降低了物流成本。川維廠物流服務(wù)理念川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)思想、企業(yè)文化、理想追求等多種因素的高度概括，是儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)全體職員的共同價(jià)值觀。在儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)的“二次創(chuàng)業(yè)”的歷程中，其經(jīng)營(yíng)理念：我們今天和以后所做的一切差不多上以降低客戶(hù)的經(jīng)營(yíng)成本為目標(biāo)，為客戶(hù)提供安全、迅速、準(zhǔn)確、節(jié)約、方便、中意的全方位物流服務(wù)。第三方物流、第四方物流是川維廠物流進(jìn)展的選擇。川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)公司的歷史和現(xiàn)狀表明它具有開(kāi)展第三方物流的有利條件。分析石化儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)現(xiàn)狀分析，整個(gè)石化儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)應(yīng)通過(guò)形成戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟,進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)化經(jīng)營(yíng),利用現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)手段,整合現(xiàn)有的資源,形成物流企

12、業(yè)聯(lián)盟。最后介紹了物流企業(yè)聯(lián)盟的運(yùn)作方式及其信息平臺(tái)的搭建。關(guān)鍵詞：物流、市場(chǎng)分析、進(jìn)展策略AbstractSINOPEC Sichuan Vinylon Works (hereinafter referred to as SVW) is a large petrochemical enterprise with natural gas as its major raw material under the jurisdiction of China Petro-chemical Corporation (SINOPEC). Its main products include methanol

13、, polyvinyl alcohol, acetic acid and VAE etc. The storage and transit of the products and raw materials is mainly accomplished by its own logistics storage & transit system. The second-level departments related to logistics operation mainly include: the Transport Company, the Sales Company, the Proc

14、urement Company and the Transit Station. The main function of the Transport Company is responsible for transportation of all the goods in SVW by land and water(by truck & cargo ship); the Sales Company is mainly responsible for product storage and working out product dispatch plan; the Transit Stati

15、on is mainly responsible for the storage and transit of the product and raw material on railway transport; the Procurement Company is mainly responsible for the storage and dispatch of raw materials.For some historical reasons, the storage and transit system of SVW involved four main second-level de

16、partment, their functions overlapped, resources dispersed, which formed multi-head management, and the information exchange is not smooth. All this interfered with the sales of product and the purchase of the raw materials, increased the cost of storage, and made the logistics cost keep high. This d

17、irectly restricted the management and development of SVW and interfered in the integral benefit of SVW.The state encouraged to develop logistics industry, the utilization of information net techniques ensures the development of logistics on technique, China having entered into WTO and the large inla

18、nd logistics market, offer an opportunity for the logistics industry developing. In a word, the inland logistics development is just in a very good period at present. The high speed development of Chongqing economy and unique geographical position offer a developing opportunity to SVW logistics, the

19、 region layout of the storage & transit enterprise and environment superiority ensured the development of SVW logistics, the reign superiority of SVW logistics development and the logistics business continued to increase stably lay a good foundation for the developing of the third party logistics. O

20、f course, there are still challenges on the development of SVW logistics: Our national logistics industry is faced with the challenge about consolidation and restructuring; SVW own running logistics style is faced with great challenge; SVW made no logistics program and design on overall layout; the

21、separation of the current logistics made the integral optimization impossible; Backward in logistics information net, physical joint between the social logistics and enterprise one is irrational, the logistics infrastructure is imperfect, the technological equipment is backward and also the logistic

22、s organization structure of SVW is not appropriate to the requirement of logistics development.Each department in SVW logistics system had rich experience of the storage and transport for chemical dangerous goods by carrying out storage and transport of petrochemical goods for long-term. The storage

23、 and transport equipment for chemical dangerous goods is fairly complete, all kinds of safety measures and management regulations are perfect, to have a batch of qualified managers who are proficient in professional work, all those created conditions for developing sophisticated professional chemica

24、l logistics. Especially, from 1998, the storage and transport system of SVW started to provide logistics service for the third party, YARACO, the logistics management level is improved quite high, and accumulated certain experience of operating the third party logistics. According to analyzing the o

25、pportunity and challenge of SVW developing logistics and the work carried out at present, SVW logistics should be oriented to building a large, sophisticated and professional logistics company. Basing upon SVW, providing good service for SVW, Being geared to the needs of society, making use of the g

26、ood reputation on good service for YARACO actively to carry out the external logistics trade, making use of the good opportunity of Chongqing municipality building chemical park, to provide the third partys logistics service.It is the matrix chart of enterprise achievement appearance and the importa

27、nce of the process to customer, which is a very simple and useful means to choose BPR point of contact. SVW Storage and Transit Company launched market investigation into 18 customers, it is found that the following is the process that the customers attached importance to but the enterprise showed w

28、orse:Logistics is in sectional operation, low logistics information level, low service management level.The importance of a process and how many resources needed for recreating the process, determines if the process is to be recreated or not. According to investigation and analysis, we will change t

29、he logistics sectional operation, to regard the logistics organization integralization reformation as the first type of logistics process recreation, to be given priority; to take perfecting the logistics information system and increasing the transit efficiency of logistics information for the secon

30、d type, to carry out this kind of process in a planned way and take it as effective means to increase the customers satisfaction.The links between the customer, the supplier, the Sales Company, the Procurement Company and the production unit, the transit unit is through telephone to communicate with

31、 each other, and to complete all kinds of work by submitting plan, material-taking list, dispatch list etc. There are many defects, such as low efficiency, large storage, information can not share and is not timely and accurate etc. So the transformation to logistics information system must be done.

32、 According to the principle of “availability”, “accuracy”, “timeliness”, “flexibility” and “appropriate format”, to design the logistics information system. After the logistics transformation, the resources related to SVW logistics will be combined tightly, and the utilization ratio of resources wil

33、l be increased. Through rectification and combination, to increase the utilization ratio of the resources in each trade section. The increase of accuracy on the marketing forecast and plan reduced the storage. The relations between each department are closer, the process is more smooth, and the effi

34、ciency of operation becomes higher. Timely and dynamic-state information provide basis for the decision made by leader, and provide foundation for analyzing.If someone want to carry out logistics centralized management, first of all, the integrality transformation to the logistics organization must

35、be done. In fact, organization integrality is just to integrate the original disperse logistics style, then to establish integrative logistics system. In Nov, 2002, SVW established the Storage and Transit Company with the Transit Station and the Transportation Company as the main unit, and assigned

36、all the warehouses which belonged to the Sales Company, the Procurement Company and other second-level departments to the Storage and Transit Company. With regard to the conception of establishing modern logistic enterprise, to make system reformation to the whole logistics organization. Through int

37、egrating and reforming the resources of “manpower, transport capacity and storage” to complete the integral establishment of the organization structure for the large enterprise. The main purpose of reforming the original logistics organization is to reduce the management layers in the course of oper

38、ation, to shorten the distance between logistics service and market, so to improve the reaction capacity on market change.It is the completion of the organization integrality in the Storage and Transit Company and the perfection for the logistics information system that did a firm spade work for the

39、 reformation of new trade process. The new trade process indicated that the relation between the Storage & Transit Company and the Sales Company, the Procurement Company is a kind of contractual relation. The Storage & Transit Company will not settle accounts with customer. All the cost including fo

40、r tarpaulin buying, cargo renting etc will be calculated in product price. To practice “one bill to the end”, “one payment includes all costs”, shorten the business process, remove the links unnecessary, so to provide the customer with the most convenient “door to door” integrated service.This artic

41、le utilized the market structure theory and Botels five-strength model theory to analyze and study the competition between the inland logistics market and the petro-chemical one, and get the characters of the inland logistics market and the petro-chemical logistics market. This article pointed out:

42、From the study of the character of logistics trades, the developing trend in the current petro-chemical logistics market of China is relatively close to full-monopoly market; but the inland logistics trades is fairly close to full-competition market, its developing trend is further close to typical

43、oligarch monopoly market. According to the Botels five-strength model theory, the threat from the competitor and the entrance party is in high degree in logistics trades, the threat from the supplier and the end user is in middle degree, and the threat from substitute trades is in low degree, but th

44、e threat degree in the whole trade is middle on high side, the achievement of the whole trade is lower than the normal level. Putting forward the logistics developing tactics for SVW: Basing upon SVW, serving SVW, being geared to the needs of society, developing the third party logistics actively an

45、d stably; Improving the logistics service, carrying out internal logistics dispatch and delivery; Making an integral program to the existing warehouse, establishing logistics dispatch center; Cooperating with the foreign outstanding logistics enterprise.SVW Storage & Transit Company gained good bene

46、fit and SVW also reduced the logistics cost greatly by reforming logistics structure, building the Storage and Transit Company and perfecting logistics information system.The conception of SVW logistics service is highly summarized by the factors including the management idea of the SVW Storage & Tr

47、ansit Company, enterprise culture, ideal and pursuit etc, and it is the common viewpoint of value of the whole staffs in the Storage & Transit Company. In the course of “the secondary starting a undertaking of the Storage & Transit Enterprise”, its management conception is: What we do today and in f

48、uture is to take reducing customers management cost as purpose, to provide customer with safe, prompt, accurate, economical, convenient, satisfactory and omni-bearing logistics service.The style of the third party logistics and the fourth party logistics are the selection of logistics development fo

49、r SVW. The history and current situation of SVW Storage & Transit Company indicated that it had the favorable conditions to practice the third party logistics. Analyzing the current conditions of the petro-chemical enterprise, the logistics enterprise union is formed by the whole petro-chemical logi

50、stics enterprise through forming strategic union, carrying out net management, utilizing modern information techniques, integrating the current resources. Finally to have introduced strategic union operation measures of logistics enterprise and the establishment of information platform. Key words: L

51、ogistics, Market analysis, Developing tactics緒 論1、選題的目的和意義我往常工作所在的四川維尼綸廠（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)川維廠）中轉(zhuǎn)站是一家由四川維尼綸廠投資的儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)，它負(fù)責(zé)川維廠原料、產(chǎn)品的鐵路槽車(chē)、船舶裝、卸，年吞吐能力達(dá)到50萬(wàn)噸。隨著中國(guó)加入WTO和物流行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的進(jìn)一步加大，中國(guó)石化集團(tuán)公司加大“主”“輔”分流的力度，川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)乃至整個(gè)石化儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)都面臨著嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)，許多業(yè)內(nèi)人士都在審視和評(píng)估目前國(guó)內(nèi)物流市場(chǎng)，考慮應(yīng)該采取的措施。作為川維廠中轉(zhuǎn)站的副站長(zhǎng)，通過(guò)十多年的實(shí)踐，尤其通過(guò)MBA課程的學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)物流市場(chǎng)有了一定的認(rèn)識(shí)和了解，并形成了一些粗淺

52、的看法和見(jiàn)解。我相信，運(yùn)用有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理和思想來(lái)分析物流實(shí)際中的具體問(wèn)題的過(guò)程本身確實(shí)是對(duì)自己知識(shí)和能力的檢驗(yàn)和提高，分析得出的推斷和結(jié)論應(yīng)更加理性和更具有決策參考價(jià)值，同時(shí)，對(duì)關(guān)注國(guó)內(nèi)物流市場(chǎng)的寬敞人士也應(yīng)有一定的參考意義。2、本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容、思路和方法本文從介紹川維廠物流企業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀、存在的威脅及挑戰(zhàn)入手，簡(jiǎn)要介紹了物流業(yè)務(wù)流程重組，物流信息系統(tǒng)的完善；物流組織一體化改造，通過(guò)重組改造大大提高物流企業(yè)的運(yùn)作效率；存貨大幅度降低，物流成本顯著降低。同時(shí)指出了物流改革的方向，對(duì)內(nèi)應(yīng)服務(wù)好川維，開(kāi)展廠內(nèi)物流配送；對(duì)外服務(wù)應(yīng)將重點(diǎn)放在服務(wù)地點(diǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)展上，開(kāi)展第三方物流服務(wù)；并在時(shí)機(jī)成熟時(shí)與國(guó)外聞名物

53、流企業(yè)合資。本文運(yùn)用市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)理論、波特五種力量模型理論，對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)物流市場(chǎng)和石化物流市場(chǎng)的整體情況進(jìn)行了分析和研究，得出了石化物流市場(chǎng)和國(guó)內(nèi)物流市場(chǎng)的特點(diǎn)。本文指出，從物流行業(yè)特點(diǎn)研究來(lái)看，我國(guó)目前的石化物流行業(yè)較接近于完全壟斷市場(chǎng)，而國(guó)內(nèi)物流市場(chǎng)較接近于壟斷市場(chǎng)，其進(jìn)展趨勢(shì)是進(jìn)一步向典型的寡頭壟斷市場(chǎng)靠近；從波特五種力量模型理論看，物流行業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者和進(jìn)入者威脅程度高，供應(yīng)商和使用者威脅程度較低，替代行業(yè)威脅程度低，而整個(gè)行業(yè)的威脅程度中偏高。本文指出了川維儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)今后的進(jìn)展方向，對(duì)外開(kāi)展第三方物流服務(wù)目前是一個(gè)較佳時(shí)機(jī)，也是儲(chǔ)運(yùn)公司進(jìn)展的必定選擇；整個(gè)石化儲(chǔ)運(yùn)企業(yè)通過(guò)形成戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟，進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)化經(jīng)營(yíng)

54、，利用現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)手段，整合現(xiàn)有的資源，形成物流企業(yè)聯(lián)盟。本文最后介紹了物流企業(yè)聯(lián)盟的運(yùn)作方式及的信息平臺(tái)搭建。第一章 川維廠物流進(jìn)展戰(zhàn)略定位1、川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介川維廠是中國(guó)石油化工集團(tuán)公司下屬的一家以天然氣為要緊原料的大型石化企業(yè)，其要緊產(chǎn)品有甲醇、聚乙烯醇、醋酸、VAE等。該廠位于重慶市長(zhǎng)壽區(qū)朱家鎮(zhèn)，緊鄰長(zhǎng)江、“渝長(zhǎng)”高速公路及“川漢”公路，水路、陸路交通方便；但由于目前暫不通鐵路，全廠通過(guò)鐵路轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的原料、產(chǎn)品必須通過(guò)中轉(zhuǎn)站（位于重慶市九龍坡區(qū)西彭鎮(zhèn)，距川維廠陸路距離為130公里、水路距離為136公里）轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。其物流運(yùn)作框架圖如下：川維廠中轉(zhuǎn)站全國(guó)各地汽車(chē)運(yùn)川維廠中轉(zhuǎn)站全國(guó)各地槽船運(yùn)汽車(chē)、

55、槽船運(yùn)（原料）圖21川維廠物流運(yùn)作框架示意圖現(xiàn)與物流運(yùn)作有關(guān)的二級(jí)單位要緊有四個(gè)：運(yùn)輸公司、銷(xiāo)售公司、物裝公司、中轉(zhuǎn)站。1.1運(yùn)輸公司運(yùn)輸公司是川維廠物流運(yùn)作系統(tǒng)中人員最多的一個(gè)單位，現(xiàn)有職工423人，其組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖如下：運(yùn)輸公司運(yùn)輸公司貨車(chē)隊(duì)客車(chē)隊(duì)船隊(duì)調(diào)運(yùn)科辦公室財(cái)務(wù)科圖22川維廠運(yùn)輸公司組織結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖運(yùn)輸公司的要緊職能是負(fù)責(zé)全廠的公路、水路（汽車(chē)、槽船）物資運(yùn)輸。其中公路運(yùn)輸由貨車(chē)隊(duì)、客車(chē)隊(duì)治理，水路運(yùn)輸由船隊(duì)治理，調(diào)運(yùn)科負(fù)責(zé)與銷(xiāo)售公司、物裝公司、中轉(zhuǎn)站的聯(lián)系、協(xié)調(diào)。公路運(yùn)輸有載重5噸貨車(chē)30輛，槽罐車(chē)10輛，要緊負(fù)責(zé)固體、液體產(chǎn)品到中轉(zhuǎn)站及各客戶(hù)的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)、配送；12臺(tái)客車(chē)負(fù)責(zé)廠內(nèi)職工上、下班

56、的接送。水路運(yùn)輸現(xiàn)有拖輪7艘，4569千瓦；散化駁18艘，7800載重噸；干貨駁4艘，1150載重噸；負(fù)責(zé)固體、液體產(chǎn)品到中轉(zhuǎn)站及長(zhǎng)江下游沿線(xiàn)口岸的運(yùn)輸。1.2銷(xiāo)售公司銷(xiāo)售公司要緊負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)品的儲(chǔ)存及產(chǎn)品發(fā)運(yùn)打算的制定。其組織結(jié)構(gòu)(與物流運(yùn)作有關(guān)的部門(mén))圖如下：銷(xiāo)售公司銷(xiāo)售公司液體庫(kù)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)科調(diào)運(yùn)科.圖23川維廠銷(xiāo)售公司組織結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖液體庫(kù)要緊負(fù)責(zé)液體產(chǎn)品的儲(chǔ)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),有甲醇、甲醛、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯等產(chǎn)品儲(chǔ)罐18000 m3。倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)科負(fù)責(zé)全廠固體產(chǎn)品的儲(chǔ)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，有PVA、乳白膠、VAE、短纖等產(chǎn)品庫(kù)22432m2。調(diào)運(yùn)科要緊負(fù)責(zé)與運(yùn)輸公司、物裝公司、中轉(zhuǎn)站的聯(lián)系、協(xié)調(diào)。1.3中轉(zhuǎn)站中轉(zhuǎn)站有鐵路專(zhuān)用線(xiàn)6.3公

57、里，要緊負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)品、原料的鐵路轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，其組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖如下：中轉(zhuǎn)站中轉(zhuǎn)站調(diào)度科機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)間財(cái)務(wù)科儲(chǔ)運(yùn)車(chē)間辦公室圖24川維廠中轉(zhuǎn)站組織結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖儲(chǔ)運(yùn)車(chē)間負(fù)責(zé)鐵路產(chǎn)品、原料的儲(chǔ)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，有儲(chǔ)罐24000 m3，鐵路風(fēng)雨棚兩座（640 m2），庫(kù)房面積3280 m2。機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)間負(fù)責(zé)機(jī)械設(shè)備的維修，調(diào)度科負(fù)責(zé)與銷(xiāo)售公司、物裝公司、運(yùn)輸公司及站內(nèi)的協(xié)調(diào)、聯(lián)系。物裝公司負(fù)責(zé)原料的儲(chǔ)存、發(fā)放，有鋼材庫(kù)、備品備件庫(kù)等庫(kù)房，供應(yīng)庫(kù)總面積為26440 m2。儲(chǔ)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)有職工630人，2003年物資轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量達(dá)30萬(wàn)噸，除轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)川維廠產(chǎn)品、原料外，川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)為揚(yáng)子江乙?；び邢薰荆ㄔ摴緸樗拇ňS尼綸廠與英國(guó)BP公司合資合作企業(yè)，年產(chǎn)

58、醋酸18萬(wàn)噸，醋酸酯8萬(wàn)噸）提供第三方物流服務(wù)，為其化工產(chǎn)品的儲(chǔ)、轉(zhuǎn)、運(yùn)及化驗(yàn)分析、計(jì)量提供全過(guò)程服務(wù)，同時(shí)為其計(jì)量、質(zhì)量糾紛提供關(guān)心。2、川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)目前存在的問(wèn)題由于歷史的緣故，川維廠儲(chǔ)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)要緊涉及到四家二級(jí)單位，相互職能交叉，資源分散，形成多頭治理，信息不暢，阻礙了產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售和原材料的采購(gòu)，加大了庫(kù)存成本，整個(gè)物流成本居高不下，直接制約了川維廠的經(jīng)營(yíng)進(jìn)展，阻礙了川維廠的整體利益。2.1物流業(yè)務(wù)治理分散，職能難以發(fā)揮目前，川維廠銷(xiāo)售公司負(fù)責(zé)制定銷(xiāo)售、運(yùn)輸打算，但由于對(duì)產(chǎn)品庫(kù)存和車(chē)輛的備用狀態(tài)把握不準(zhǔn),請(qǐng)車(chē)打算難以準(zhǔn)確有效執(zhí)行。中轉(zhuǎn)站在固體產(chǎn)品的裝車(chē)過(guò)程中，又因固體產(chǎn)品的配貨不合理而使裝車(chē)

59、打算落空；運(yùn)輸公司有打算沒(méi)有物資轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)或者時(shí)刻銜接上有誤的情況時(shí)有發(fā)生。這種多頭治理的狀況，造成打算、庫(kù)存、運(yùn)輸?shù)拳h(huán)節(jié)相互脫節(jié)、銜接不清。銷(xiāo)售公司、物裝公司、運(yùn)輸公司、中轉(zhuǎn)站等單位相互牽制，物流系統(tǒng)功能得不到有效發(fā)揮，治理、協(xié)調(diào)成本顯著增加，系統(tǒng)運(yùn)作效率大大降低，嚴(yán)峻阻礙原材料采購(gòu)、產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售及客戶(hù)的中意程度。2.2銷(xiāo)售流程過(guò)于復(fù)雜，營(yíng)銷(xiāo)能力難以提升客戶(hù)從訂貨到最終得到產(chǎn)品的流程過(guò)長(zhǎng)、環(huán)節(jié)過(guò)多，不能為顧客提供便捷、優(yōu)質(zhì)的物流服務(wù)，尤其在配送方面，我們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿(mǎn)足市場(chǎng)和客戶(hù)的需求。從圖25“現(xiàn)行體制下鐵路發(fā)運(yùn)產(chǎn)品的示意圖”中，我們能夠看出客戶(hù)在訂貨以后，不但要與銷(xiāo)售公司聯(lián)系，還要與中轉(zhuǎn)站聯(lián)系督促、落

60、實(shí)發(fā)車(chē)打算，顧客倒還處在一個(gè)協(xié)調(diào)者的位置上，全然無(wú)法享受到上帝的味道。在這種情況下，我們與客戶(hù)頂多建立的是一種臨時(shí)的買(mǎi)賣(mài)關(guān)系，而不是一種戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟關(guān)系，由于只是一種買(mǎi)賣(mài)關(guān)系，客戶(hù)隨時(shí)有可能棄我們而去，產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力得不到保持和提升?？蛻?hù)收到貨后與銷(xiāo)售公司結(jié)算貨款，若有中轉(zhuǎn)站銷(xiāo)售公司中轉(zhuǎn)站銷(xiāo)售公司依照銷(xiāo)售公司發(fā)車(chē)打算與中轉(zhuǎn)站車(chē)輛情況安排裝發(fā)車(chē)中轉(zhuǎn)站化驗(yàn)室向用戶(hù)提供計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)及產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量證書(shū)客戶(hù)督促落實(shí)發(fā)車(chē)打算 與銷(xiāo)售公司簽訂產(chǎn)品訂貨合同下達(dá)發(fā)車(chē)打算 反饋發(fā)車(chē)執(zhí)行情況向銷(xiāo)售提供計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)圖25現(xiàn)行體制下鐵路發(fā)運(yùn)產(chǎn)品流程示意圖2.3資源分散、資產(chǎn)閑置川維廠幾乎每一個(gè)二級(jí)單位都有庫(kù)房，特不是銷(xiāo)售、物裝公司都有