1、Unit 4Space ExplorationReading for Writing如何寫(xiě)正反觀點(diǎn)的議論文【文本研讀】. 文本整體理解: 快速瀏覽文章1. Whats the main idea of the text? A. Introducing different benefits of exploring space. B. Introducing the history of exploring space. C. Introducing different opinions about space exploration. D. Introducing the developmen

2、t of exploring space. 答案: A2. Find out the main idea of each paragraph. Para. 1: _Para. 2: _Para. 3: _ _Different opinions about space exploration.Exploring space has made a difference inthe fight against world hunger.Space exploration has already promotedtechnological improvements that benefit us.

3、Para. 4 : _ _ _Para. 5: _Sending astronauts into space has helpedpeople to think about the worlds problems and evento find ways to solve them.Exploring space provides the world withmany benefits, so it should continue. 文本細(xì)節(jié)理解: 關(guān)注特色表達(dá)1. Whats the authors attitude to exploring space? A. Supportive. B.

4、 Objective. C. Neutral. D. Negative. 2. Which of the following aspects doesnt the space exploration include? A. Farming. B. Technological improvements. C. Finding other planets to live. D. Building a healthy body. 答案: 1、2. AD. 文本梳理【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】【文體剖析】通過(guò)擺事實(shí), 講道理, 直接表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)和主張的文體屬于議論文。正反觀點(diǎn)類議論文是其中的一種, 通常提出某觀點(diǎn)或

5、某話題, 并指出對(duì)此話題產(chǎn)生的兩種對(duì)立觀點(diǎn), 對(duì)正反兩方面的論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證, 最后給出自己的看法。【話題詞匯】1. result in 導(dǎo)致2. in closing 最后3. be opposed to 反對(duì)4. be in favor of 贊成, 支持5. be widely used 被廣泛使用6. as far as I am concerned 在我看來(lái)7. make a difference 起作用, 有影響8. take . . . into consideration 把考慮在內(nèi)9. some people argue that. . . 一些人主張10. on the one

6、 hand. . . , on the other hand. . . 一方面, 另一方面【話題句式】1. Different people have different views on space exploration. 不同的人對(duì)太空探索有不同的看法。2. It makes us feel proud of our nation. 它使我們?yōu)槲覀兊膰?guó)家感到自豪。3. Every coin has two sides. 事物都有兩面性。4. Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows. 一般來(lái)說(shuō), 它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)如下。5.

7、 Some people firmly believe we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways. 有些人堅(jiān)信, 我們從許多不同方面的科學(xué)進(jìn)步中獲益良多。6. Taking all factors into consideration, we may safely come to the conclusion that there are quite a few opportunities in our society. 把所有的因素加以考慮, 我們可以有把握地得出結(jié)論: 在我們的社會(huì)中存在

8、著相當(dāng)多的機(jī)會(huì)?！镜漕}演練】最近, 你班同學(xué)就“太空是否值得探索”這一話題展開(kāi)了一場(chǎng)討論。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息, 用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文介紹討論的情況, 并談?wù)勛约旱目捶ā?0%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為太空不值得探索。理由: 1. 離我們及我們的日常生活太遙遠(yuǎn)。2. 浪費(fèi)金錢。70%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為太空值得探索。理由: 1. 已使用衛(wèi)星進(jìn)行通訊傳播、天氣預(yù)報(bào)。2. 有望解決人口問(wèn)題。注意: 1. 詞數(shù)80左右; 2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié), 以使行文連貫?！局\篇】【遣詞】1. 進(jìn)行了一次熱烈的討論_2. 持有不同的觀點(diǎn)_3離太遙遠(yuǎn)_4. 解決人口問(wèn)題_5. 在我看來(lái)_have a heated discussionhold

9、 different ideastoo far away from. . .solve the population problemsas far as Im concerned6. 值得做某事_7. 從中受益_8. 促進(jìn)_be worth doingbenefit frompromote【造句】1. 完成句子(1)最近我們班進(jìn)行了一次熱烈的討論。_(2)討論的話題是太空是否值得探索。_Recently our class had a heated discussion.The topic is whether space is worth exploring. (3)30%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為不值得探

10、索。_(4)他們認(rèn)為太空探索離我們及我們的日常生活太遙遠(yuǎn)并且浪費(fèi)金錢。_30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile.They hold the belief that space exploration is too faraway from us and our daily life and is a waste ofmoney. (5)然而70%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為值得探索。_(6)我們從中受益很多, 如使用衛(wèi)星進(jìn)行通訊傳播、天氣預(yù)報(bào)。_ _However, 70% think space is worth exploring.We hav

11、e benefited a lot from it, such as using satellitesfor communication and weather forecast. (7)在我看來(lái), 探索太空是值得的。_ _As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explorethe space.2. 句式升級(jí)(8)用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句, 將(1)(2)句連接起來(lái)_ _Recently our class had a heated discussion on whetherspace is worth exploring. (9)用非

12、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連接(3)(4)句_30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile,holding the belief that space exploration is too faraway from us and our daily life and is a waste ofmoney. (10)用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句連接(5)(6)句_ _ _However, 70% think space is worth exploring becausewe have benefited a lot from it, such as

13、using satellitesfor communication and weather forecast.【成篇】Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it. 30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile, holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from us an

14、d our daily life and is a waste of money. However, 70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it, such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. Whats more, with further space research, we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one

15、day. As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. 1. figure out 弄懂; 弄清楚; 弄明白*To figure out how much power these devices are using, she tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life

16、. 為了計(jì)算出這些設(shè)備使用多少電力, 她追蹤了每件產(chǎn)品在使用過(guò)程中的環(huán)境成本。*The medical students have to figure out how to treat the patient. 醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生必須弄清是如何治療病人?！菊Z(yǔ)塊積累】find out 找出, 查明; 發(fā)現(xiàn), 揭發(fā)work out 解決; 算出; 實(shí)現(xiàn); 制定出; 弄懂; 鍛煉【即學(xué)活用】(1)I _ at a gym or swim twice a week. 我每周兩次在健身房鍛煉或游泳。(2)We must _how to solve the problem. 我們必須想出如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。wor

17、k outfigure/work out (3)We _later that we had been at the same school. 后來(lái)我們才弄清楚我們是校友。(4)I havent _ anything _ about him yet. 我還沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)他的什么情況。 found outfoundout2. argue vt. &vi. 爭(zhēng)論; 爭(zhēng)辯; 論證*The boy argued with his teacher about his homework. 那個(gè)男孩因?yàn)樽鳂I(yè)與老師爭(zhēng)執(zhí)了起來(lái)。*Dont argue about this matter any more. 不要再為

18、這件事情進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)論了。*People in that city argue that their city is the most lively city in the world. 那個(gè)城市的人們認(rèn)為他們的城市是世界上最富有生機(jī)的城市。*But there are many people who argue for changing their jobs. 但是有許多贊成換工作的人。*It is very difficult to argue against the use of this drug. 反對(duì)這種藥物的使用十分困難?！菊Z(yǔ)塊積累】(1)argue with和爭(zhēng)吵argue abou

19、t因?yàn)闋?zhēng)論argue that主張, 認(rèn)為argue for贊成; 支持argue against反對(duì); 據(jù)理反對(duì)(2)argument n. 爭(zhēng)論【名師點(diǎn)津】【即學(xué)活用】用argue的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空(1)Lets not _money. (2)In this article I will point out some further explanations, and _one of them. (3)Listen! I am not going to _you. (4)He _the suggestion. argue aboutargue forargue withargued again

20、st3. result in導(dǎo)致; 造成*(2019北京高考)Positive thinking and action result in success. 積極的思想和行動(dòng)導(dǎo)致成功。*(2019江蘇高考)However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 然而, 它們有實(shí)際的影響, 因?yàn)樗鼈儗?dǎo)致對(duì)稀缺資源的錯(cuò)誤使用?！菊Z(yǔ)塊積累】result from 由于, 因?yàn)閍s a result因此as a result of. . . 作為的結(jié)果【巧學(xué)助記】圖解result in與

21、result from【即學(xué)活用】用result的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空(1)Success _hard work. 成功來(lái)自努力。(2)The accident _the death of two passengers. 這次事故造成兩名乘客死亡。results fromresulted in (3)(2019江蘇高考)_, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. 因此, 人類可以用手完成非常復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。(4)She died _ her injuries. 她因受傷而死。As a resultas a result of4. r

22、un out 用完; 耗盡*Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running out. 情況越來(lái)越糟, 補(bǔ)給也快耗盡了。*His money soon ran out. 他的錢很快就花完了。*(2019北京高考)If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase whats needed. 如果他們用完了某些生活必需品, 威爾遜將開(kāi)車到最近的商店去購(gòu)買所需要的東西?！菊Z(yǔ)塊積累】run out o

23、f用完wear out用舊, 穿破; 使疲乏【名師點(diǎn)津】區(qū)別run out與run out ofrun out是不及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, 其主語(yǔ)通常為時(shí)間、食物、金錢等名詞; run out of 是及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, 表示主動(dòng)含義, 主語(yǔ)一般是人?！臼煸~生義】*When the lease ran out, the family moved to Cleveland. 租賃合同到期后, 這家人搬到了克利夫蘭。( )到期【即學(xué)活用】(1)Her money has been _and her patience is also running out. 她的錢已經(jīng)用完了, 她的耐心也要耗盡了。(2)Hes

24、leaving this position, because his term of office _. 他就要離開(kāi)這個(gè)工作崗位了, 因?yàn)樗娜纹谝褲M。 run out ofhas run out(3)(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)We ran out of time before the party. _before the party. 翻譯句子(4)(2019天津高考)Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark. 譯: _Our time ran out我們都知道有些人在到達(dá)人生的一半之前就

25、會(huì)失去動(dòng)力。5. attach vt. 系; 綁; 貼*Please attach these labels to your hand luggage. 請(qǐng)把這些標(biāo)簽系在您的手提行李上。*I will attach a document to the letter . 我將把文件附在信上。*He is deeply attached to the old camera. 他非常愛(ài)惜那個(gè)舊相機(jī)。*This middle school is attached to a normal college. 這所中學(xué)附屬于一所師范學(xué)院。*Parents attach much importance to

26、education. 父母認(rèn)為教育很重要。【語(yǔ)塊積累】attach. . . to. . . 把系到/貼到/附在某物上be attached to喜歡, 依戀, 附屬于attach(much) importance to. . . 認(rèn)為(很)重要【易混辨析】attach, add, fasten三者異同相同點(diǎn): 三者都含有“把一件東西或一件事添加于另一件東西或事上”的意義。不同點(diǎn): attach表示“多為外形上的結(jié)合, 可以連得上去, 也可拆得下來(lái), 還可表示比喻的含義。add, 可用于有形的和無(wú)形的東西fasten結(jié)牢, 拴住, 有形的東西, 有時(shí)可與attach互換 【即學(xué)活用】(1)Do

27、 you _English well? 你認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語(yǔ)重要嗎? (2)The little girl _her English teacher. 這個(gè)小女孩非常喜歡她的英語(yǔ)老師。 attach any importance to learningis attached to(3)You had better _ a recent photograph _ your application form. 你最好在申請(qǐng)表上貼一張近照。 attachto6. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight agai

28、nst world hunger. 首先, 探索太空已經(jīng)在與世界饑餓的斗爭(zhēng)中發(fā)揮了作用?！揪涫浇鈽?gòu)】(1)本句中劃線部分exploring space是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 它已經(jīng)將動(dòng)作名詞化了, 已把某個(gè)動(dòng)作視為某種活動(dòng)或是某件事情了, 動(dòng)作意義很弱, 比較抽象。*Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。*Reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary. 閱讀簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)的英文小說(shuō)是擴(kuò)大我們?cè)~匯量的一種輕松愉快的方法。*Cheating

29、 in an exam ruins ones character . 考試作弊毀壞人的品格。 (2)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 也常用“It is. . . ”和“There is. . . ”兩種句型。其中“It is. . . ”的句型常用于說(shuō)明“某種活動(dòng)或是某件事情是如何的”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的性質(zhì)、特征等。常用于It is后面的詞有: no good, no use, useless, a waste, worthwhile, dangerous等等。而句型“There is. . . ”往往用于說(shuō)明“不允許、禁止某種活動(dòng)或是某件事情發(fā)生或存在”, 類似一種建議或命令。*It is no use wa

30、iting for him any longer . 再等他也沒(méi)有用。 *It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again . 很值得再向你的指導(dǎo)老師咨詢一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 *There is no joking about such matters . 這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。 *There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded . 毋庸置疑, 中國(guó)自它成立以來(lái)已在各個(gè)方面都取得了飛速的發(fā)展

31、。 *There is no littering about. 不許亂扔雜物?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】(1)當(dāng)不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡, 避免頭重腳輕, 因此常用it作形式主語(yǔ)置于句首, 而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用, 本身無(wú)詞義。 (2)不定式作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作意義較強(qiáng), 這種動(dòng)作往往是“要發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作”, 較具體; 動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)往往是經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作, 此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。*Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一件樂(lè)事。*He realized that to go on li

32、ke this was wrong. 他意識(shí)到繼續(xù)這樣下去是錯(cuò)誤的。*It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office . 我從辦公室回家要花十分鐘。 【即學(xué)活用】(1)_ (collect) stamps is his hobby. (2)Its a waste of time _(quarrel)with him. (3)Is it worthwhile _ (argue)with her? Collectingquarrellingarguing(4)(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)Going to bed early is considered to b

33、e a good habit. It is considered to be a good habit _. going to bedearly【要點(diǎn)拾遺】limited adj. 有限的*It is a waste of limited resources. 這是對(duì)有限資源的一種浪費(fèi)。*My life is limited, but learning is limitless. 吾生也有涯, 而知也無(wú)涯。 *Dont take it for granted that natural resources can be used without limit. 不要理所當(dāng)然地以為自然資源是取之不盡

34、, 用之不竭的! 【語(yǔ)塊積累】(1)limitless adj. 無(wú)限制的; 無(wú)界限的limit v. & n. 限制limitation n. 限制, 能力上的不足(2)set a limit to. . . 為設(shè)置一個(gè)限制/極限without limit沒(méi)有限制, 無(wú)極限(3)limit sth. to將某物限制在范圍內(nèi)【即學(xué)活用】(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空There is _ (limit) time to finish the task. The organization committee set a limit _ the number of each delegation. I know

35、 my _(limit), so I wont do the things beyond my ability. limitedtolimitations(2) (2019北京高考)With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore. 世紀(jì)金榜導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)譯: _憑借她的才華和決心, 愛(ài)麗絲摩爾似乎前途無(wú)量?！緦?dǎo)語(yǔ)】魯濱遜生活在18世紀(jì)的英國(guó), 他為了追求財(cái)富, 冒險(xiǎn)出海, 最后漂流到一個(gè)荒島上, 在那里他用勞動(dòng)戰(zhàn)勝自然, 用才智克服困難, 征服了一個(gè)土人“星期五”

36、, 成為荒島的主人。這部作品的作者是丹尼爾笛福, 這部作品是18世紀(jì)英國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)的奠基之作。Man Friday(Chapter 7)For two years I never went anywhere without my gun. I felt lonely and afraid, and had many sleepless nights. One night there was a very bad storm, and I thought I heard the sound of guns out at sea. The next morning I looked out, a

37、nd saw a ship. It was lying on its side not far from the shore. Quickly, I put my little boat in the water and sailed out to it. There were two dead men on the ship, but no one alive. The bodies of the other sailors were lost in the sea. I took some clothes and tools, and also a box of Spanish gold

38、and silver money. I was a rich man now, but what use was money to me? I could not buy anything with it. I wanted people, a friend, somebody to talk to. . . somebody who could help me escape from my island. One morning I woke up and made a plan. “Ill try to catch one of the prisoners of the wild men,

39、 ”I said to myself. “Hell be happy to be alive and perhaps hell help me to escape. ”I watched day and night, but for a year and a half there were no boats. Then one day five boats came. There were about thirty men and they had two prisoners. They made their fire on the sand and danced round it. Then

40、 they killed one of the prisoners and began to cook their terrible meal. The second prisoner waited under the trees, with two men to watch him. Suddenly, theprisoner turned and ran. The two men ran after him, but the other wild men were busy round the fire and did not see what was happening. The pri

41、soner ran like a wild goat, and soon I saw that he was coming near the bottom of my hill. As fast as I could, I ran down the hill and jumped out of the trees between the prisoner and the two wild men. I hit the first man with the wooden end of my gun and he fell down, but I had to shoot the second m

42、an. The poor prisoner did not move. He was afraid of the noise of my gun. I called to him and tried to show him that I was friendly. Slowly, he moved nearer to me, but just then the first wild man began to get up from the ground. Then the prisoner spoke and I understood that he wanted my sword. How happy I was to hear words again! I gave him my sword, and at once he cut off the head of his enemy. Hurriedly, we hid the dead bodies under some