1、 掌握英語的句子成分定義和分類：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有：主語、謂語、 表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)，同位語。一、主語（subject）定義：是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，說明動(dòng)作是“誰，什么”發(fā)出的，一般位于句首。詞組或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、從句來充當(dāng)。She went out in a hurry.Seeing is believing.Smoking is bad for health.What he has said is true.詞組或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、從句來充當(dāng)。She went out in a hurry.Seeing is believing.Smoking is bad f

2、or health.What he has said is true.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.The young should respect the old.二、謂語(verb) 定義：是對(duì)主語加以陳述，說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征，一般由V充當(dāng)，放在 主語之后（英語句子的靈魂）舉例：由單一動(dòng)詞V或動(dòng)詞短語做謂語We appreciate your help a lot. I saw the flag on the top of the hill.The plane took off.The Second World War b

3、roke out in 1939.(2)情態(tài)V + V原情態(tài)動(dòng)詞包含:He can speak English well.(3)助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起作謂語，可以用來表示否定、疑問、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語 氣等。She is talking with her sister. I have seen this man before.助動(dòng)詞有 (4)動(dòng)詞 + 不定式(to+V 原)He refused to take the offer given by the adviser.(5)連系動(dòng)詞+表語系動(dòng)詞The newly- baked bread tastes delicious.They are fro

4、m America.三、賓、(object) 定義：動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于vt.和prep.之后舉彳列：Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything.How many do you want? -1 want two.They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?I succeeded in passing the exam.四、賓補(bǔ)(o

5、bject complement)定義：有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明賓 語的身份和狀態(tài)，這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有：make, ask, see, find, call, get, have, let, tell, help, keep舉例：I found the book interesting.I make my students interested in my class.She asked me to lend her a hand.We made him monitor in our class.We found him in trouble now.W

6、e found it necessary to study English.五、表語(predicative)定義：在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語，用以說明主語的身份，特征和狀態(tài)。通常由 名詞，代詞,數(shù)詞,adj. Ving, to do, adv,介詞短語，從句來充當(dāng)。舉彳列： The speech is exciting. They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.There is something wrong with the machine.That remains a puzzle. I dont feel at ease.Tliaf s

7、why he came here. His job is taking care of children.We must be off now as it is getting dark.六、定語(adjective) ill (adj. N.代詞，名詞所有格，數(shù)詞，不定式，分詞短語, 動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語，adv.從句)充當(dāng)定義：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句單個(gè)的定語一般放在所修飾詞前,-前置定語短語，句子一般放在所修飾詞后-后置定語 舉例：He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel factory.There are 54studen

8、ts in our class. Do you know Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good. Tell the children playing there not to make any noise.That is the reason why I am against your advice.He was reading a novel (which was ) written by Charles Dickens.

9、七、狀語(adverbial)定義：用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句，位置靈活。修飾adj./adv.時(shí)，通常位于被修飾 的詞之前；分類：地點(diǎn)狀語、時(shí)間狀語、原因狀語、目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語、讓步狀語、條件 狀語、程度狀語、方式狀語和伴隨狀語。通常由(adv.介詞短語，分詞短語， 不定式短語，詞組，復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，從句)來充當(dāng)。舉例：This book is very interesting.I run fast/quickly.They are playing on the playground at eight. John often came to chat with me.His pare

10、nts died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary.Suddenly, I heard the bird sing a song.He is poor, on the contrary, he is a millionaire.He loves science fiction in particular.With the Internet developing, people have fewer opportunities to communicate face to face.八、同位語(appositive

11、)定義：對(duì)n.或pron,進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋說明(由名詞，代詞、從句來充當(dāng)) 舉例：We young people should respect the old.Alice, our monitor, will attend the class meeting.He himself will do the experiment.He told me the news that our team won the game.I have a firm belief that you I will have a bright future.五種基本句型一、英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句

12、型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。 掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。二、英語五種基本句型列式如下:基本句型一 基本句型二 基本句型三 基本句型四 基本句型五S +VS +link- v +P基本句型一 基本句型二 基本句型三 基本句型四 基本句型五S +VS +link- v +PS +V +0S +V +10+0S +V +0 +C（主+謂）（主+系+表）（主+謂+賓）（主+謂+間賓+直賓）（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）（句型一）：S +V （主+謂）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這2.

13、The moon rose.4. We all eat, and drink.6. I woke very soon.2. The moon rose.4. We all eat, and drink.6. I woke very soon.8. He walked yesterday lO.They have gone.1. This is an English dictionary.3. He felt happy.5. He is tall and strong.7. The weather became warmer.2. The dinner smells good.4. Every

14、thing looks different.6. The book is interesting.8. His face turned red.類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。例如:l.Time flies.3. The man cooked.5. Everybody laughed.7. They talked for half an hour.9.He is playing.(句型二)：S +link-V +P (主+ 系 + 表)系動(dòng)詞分兩類：(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, k

15、eep, remain, 等等。(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove 等。（句型三）：S +V +0 （主+謂+賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作， 但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。1. Who knows the answer?3. He understands English.1. Who knows the answer?3. He understands English.5. They ate some apples.

16、7.1 want to have a cup of tea.2. She laugh at her.4. He made cakes.6. Danny likes donuts.8. He said , Good morning.n（句型四）：S +V +10 + 0 （主+謂+間賓+直賓）特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是 動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。1. She passed him a new dress.2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.3. He brought you a dicti

17、onary.4. He bought her nothing.5. I showed him my pictures. 6.1 gave him a hand.She told me how to run the machine. 8. He showed me that the bus was late.（句型五）：S +V +0 +C （主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）特點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必 須加上個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。1. We keep the table clean.3. They call supper dinner.1. We kee

18、p the table clean.3. They call supper dinner.5. What makes him sad?7. He asked me to come back soon.2. They painted the door green.4. They found the house dirty.6. We saw him out.8. I saw them getting on the bus.I.句型書寫練習(xí).她回家很晚。.每節(jié)課持續(xù)五十分鐘。.鳥兒們正在自由地飛翔。.這個(gè)男孩非常誠(chéng)實(shí)和善良。.他的愛好是集郵。.那就是為什么我們要表揚(yáng)你。.我們喜歡打籃球。.他不知道

19、怎么樣解答這道數(shù)學(xué)題。.你能用英語表達(dá)自己么？ ?.他給我買了一份禮物。.請(qǐng)給我們展示你的照片。.他們給我提供了一份工作。.他觀看孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上玩耍。.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本小說很有趣。.醫(yī)生建議我戒煙。H.劃分句子成分。（標(biāo)出主、謂、賓、定、狀、補(bǔ)、表）It is necessary to master English in international trade today.Playing video games affects teenagers5 health and study.Generally speaking, the young have a strong desire for know

20、ledge.What we should do next remains unknown.No one knows what will happen in the future.I found the old man in good health.He was reading a novel which was written by Charles Dickens.You take your umbrella in case it rains.答案：She came back home very late.Each class lasts 50 minutes.The birds are fl

21、ying freely.The boy is very honest and kind.His hobby is collecting stamps.Thats why we should praise you.We like playing basketball.He doesift know how to solve the maths problem.Can you express yourself in English?He bought me a gift. /He bought a gift for me.Please show us your photos. /Please show your photos to