1、專(zhuān)題01句子成分一高考真題例句句子成分： 主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位 語(yǔ)一、主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)：是執(zhí)行句子的行為或動(dòng)作的主體，是句子中的陳述對(duì)象。（一般位于句 子的開(kāi)頭，但有時(shí)侯在特定句式中可能省略或倒裝。充當(dāng)：名詞（短語(yǔ)），代詞，數(shù)詞，動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)），動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）， 主語(yǔ)從句等。A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是生活?yuàn)^斗中的一個(gè)武器。Who is speaking,piease?This is Lily speaking. 請(qǐng)問(wèn)，誰(shuí)在講話？我是麗麗。Three will be enough.

2、三個(gè)就夠了。Living in that island country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me. 住在島上三個(gè)月對(duì)我而言是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。Whether we 11 go depends on the weather.我們是否會(huì)去取決于天氣。真題例句：（2022 全國(guó)乙卷）In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwoodtraveled

3、to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains toteach in a one-room schoolhouse.（名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)）（2020 全國(guó)卷 H 總分值作文）Taking part in a fruit picking activity on a farm is meaningful and rewarding.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)乙卷）By using （he latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railway

4、s, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.（名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)乙卷總分值作文）What benefits most to their study is reading English books. （主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)甲卷）Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK* s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardi

5、ff s oldest surviving traditional theatre.（名詞作主語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)甲卷）This exhibition of sonic sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London.（名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)）二、謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)：是對(duì)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作狀態(tài)或特征的陳述或說(shuō)明一般在主語(yǔ)之后。充當(dāng)：謂語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組來(lái)充當(dāng)。.簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞

6、加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。真題例句：（2022 全國(guó)甲卷）This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, conies to London.（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)乙卷）By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,

7、detecting faults in （he rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)乙卷總分值作文）It can easily be seen that the percentage of students whose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，并列句系動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)甲卷）In human

8、s, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)甲卷）The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues （線索），or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.（系動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）（202

9、0 全國(guó)卷 II）Failure to provide enough chaperones （監(jiān)護(hù)人）will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)乙卷）A special low entrance charge of f 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with tea

10、chers.（ 系 動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）三、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是指一個(gè)動(dòng)作（動(dòng)詞）的接受者。賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)兩大類(lèi)。充當(dāng)：名詞（短語(yǔ)），代詞賓格，數(shù)詞，動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)），動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）， 賓語(yǔ)從句等。真題例句：（2022 全國(guó)乙卷 ）. drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) 做賓語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)乙卷）Scottish

11、 National Portrait （肖像畫(huà)）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.（名詞短語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)）（2020 全國(guó)卷 II） Many young people don t even realize it s new.（賓語(yǔ)從句做賓語(yǔ)）（2022 新高考全國(guó)卷 II ）As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins（企鵝）longing to say

12、hello.（代詞做賓語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)甲卷）Then I turned the page and continued.（名詞做賓語(yǔ)）（2020 全國(guó)乙卷）What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?（名詞短語(yǔ) 做賓語(yǔ)）四、表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)：跟在be動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞后面，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀 態(tài)。充當(dāng)：名詞，形容詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)），方位副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)表 語(yǔ)從句等。系動(dòng)詞：be, become, get, grow, turn, seem, look, sound, taste, feel,sm

13、ell 等真題例句：（2022 全國(guó)乙卷）Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance.（介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)）（2022新高考全國(guó)卷II ） For them, it s just normal.（形容詞作表語(yǔ)）（2020 新課標(biāo)山東卷）Needless to say, they were deeply moved.（分詞作表語(yǔ)）（2020 全國(guó)卷 II） That is partly because people are driving more, but Mar

14、k Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted （分心、）driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.v（表語(yǔ)從句作表語(yǔ)）（2020 全國(guó)乙卷）It is also helpful for you lo be a friendship keeper.（形容詞作表語(yǔ)）五、定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾、限定、說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。充當(dāng)：形容詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、形容詞性物主代詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或定語(yǔ) 從句等充當(dāng)。位置：前

15、置和后置兩種情況。非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句，介詞短語(yǔ)，形容詞短語(yǔ)等 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常置于被修飾詞之后。（2022 全國(guó)乙卷）Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax.（名詞，非謂語(yǔ)分詞作定語(yǔ)）（2022 新高考全國(guó)卷 II ） Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.（定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)）（2020 全國(guó)甲卷）Throughout her career（職業(yè)）as a professional d

16、ancer, she toured in theUK.（介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)乙卷）To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead.（代詞，介詞作后置定語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)乙卷）With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. ,代詞，非謂語(yǔ)分詞作定語(yǔ)） 六、狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)說(shuō)明事情發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、

17、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、 方式或伴隨等，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分叫作狀語(yǔ)。充當(dāng)：副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式，、非謂語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等充當(dāng)。位置：行蹤飄忽不定，卻對(duì)動(dòng)詞“情有獨(dú)鐘”。修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè) 句子。通常在句子后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾詞之前。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。地點(diǎn) 狀語(yǔ)一般放在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前。一些表示頻度的副詞（如。ften, almost等）作狀語(yǔ)通常位于be 動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。真題例句：（2022 新高考全國(guó)卷 II ） Road accidents, which

18、 had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. （副詞做狀語(yǔ)）（2020 全國(guó)甲卷）Throughout her career（職業(yè)）as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK（介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)乙卷）To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead. （動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)乙卷）With their ability to see ahead, they could si

19、gnal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.（介詞短語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)從句作狀語(yǔ)）（2020 全國(guó)卷 II） His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures （hat come alive when you poke them.（副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，時(shí)間狀 語(yǔ)從句做狀語(yǔ)）（2022 全國(guó)甲卷）If you arc looking for the bes

20、t comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.（條件狀語(yǔ)從句做狀語(yǔ)）七、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：在英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，接了賓語(yǔ)意義仍不完整。還需要有一個(gè)其他的句 子成分，來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的意義、狀態(tài)等，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)賓補(bǔ)。充當(dāng)：由名詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式短語(yǔ)，分詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。位置：位于賓語(yǔ)之后。（2022 高考全國(guó)甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful. （形容詞做賓補(bǔ)）（2020 浙江卷）We sincerel

21、y wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.（名詞 短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)）（2019 江蘇卷）Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. （過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)）（2022 高考全國(guó)乙卷）This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, co

22、mes to London.（2019 天津卷總分值作文）Im Li Jin, a student at Chenguang High School.（名詞作同位 語(yǔ)）句子的基本類(lèi)型（按結(jié)構(gòu)）一簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主謂或并列主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子稱(chēng)之為簡(jiǎn)單句。（2022 全國(guó)甲卷）Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UKs touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiffs oldest surviving traditional theatre.（2022 全國(guó)甲卷）This exh

23、ibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating （he life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London.簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型（一）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ).A1I of us laughed.The telephone rang.We all breathe, drink and eat.（二）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)missed my grandma.He is watching TV.You can sing the song.（三）主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)am

24、 a teacher.The plan sounds perfect.This material feels soft.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ).She made herself a new dress.My mother bought me a dictionary.Please show me your ticket.The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).We have proved him wrong.What make you think so?.He found the child fast asleep.You should keep the room clean and tidy.He likes to watch the boy