1、計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案Contents. Background Information. Text Structure. Language Point計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案. Background Information1. Host family2. Christians3. Income tax4. Health insuranceBACK計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案1. Host family Host family is the family that provides board and room, food, etc. fo

2、r overseas visitors or students. 計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案2. Christians Christians are followers of Jesus with whom they have a personal relationship and whom they accept/receive into their lives as Gods son and the way to heaven. They believe that there is one God. Most Christians are members of one of three m

3、ajor groups - Roman Catholic, Protestant, or Eastern Orthodox. Christianity has had an enormous influence on Western civilization, especially on art, business, government, and social relations.計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案3. Income tax Income tax is one of the taxations on individuals and companies. In many countri

4、es or regions such as the US and Western Europe income tax is one of the major financial resources of the government. It first appeared in France in 1793.計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案4. Health insurance Health insurance is a system for the advance financing of medical expenses by means of fees or taxes paid into a

5、common fund to pay for all or part of health services specified in an insurance policy or law. 計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案 . Text StructureBACK計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案What is the text mainly about? Every year a great number of teenagers leave home to study in America. They go there for a variety of purposes, including incre

6、asing their command of English, finishing high school or understanding American ways of life. But no matter what purposes they have in mind, they can hardly avoid encountering such problems as different customs, new life style, homesick, etc., which may become a torture to them. Therefore, studying

7、overseas is completely a cultural shock . 計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案How is the text organized? The passage consists of three parts: the first part introduces the topic studying abroad; the second part explains why people study abroad; the third analyses the problems and challenges people may encounter in the new

8、 land. The passage is a typical example of exposition developed by narration. The first part narrates the flight to Los Angeles, thus leading the reader to the topic. Through relating the life experiences of those overseas students, the general ideas of part two and three become vivid and convincing

9、.計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案Text Analysis- StructureMany people study in America every year.People study abroad for a variety of reasons.People encounter many problems in America.Through narrating the flight to Los Angeles, the author naturally leads the reader to the topic of the whole passage studying abroad, w

10、hich indicates the start of a new experience and a life without parents protection for a period of time .The author explains the purposes of people going abroad based on statistics and direct quotation from Gloria, a Brazilian student who studies in America, thus making the exposition more reliable

11、and vivid.A general statement supported by specific reasons is a typical device applied to this part: the author first points out that “things are not always so easy”, and then devotes eight paragraphs to explaining the problems to be encountered in the new land.計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案Part I Part IIPart IIIMa

12、in idea?Every year a great number of people leave home to study in America, which indicates the start of a new experience.Devices for developing it?Narration (敘述法敘述法)(Paras. 1-2)The author gives a routine account of the flight to Los Angeles, but the genuine purpose of this narration is just to intr

13、oduce the topic of this passage:Para. 1: the routine information on the flight, including the flight number and departure time.Para. 2: It looks like a routine flight but for the Brazilian students on board, it is the start of their dreams in America .Narration (敘述法敘述法)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案Part I Part IIPar

14、t IIIMain idea?People from different countries go to study in America for some reasons: to become fluent in English, complete high school and understand American way of life.Devices for developing it?Quotation (引言法引言法)(Paras. 3-4)Direct quotations are adopted here to make the exposition more vivid a

15、nd convincing.Specific aspects (Para. 4) :1. “For me,” says Gloria Marcato, “it is more important to learn to speak English and to live through this experience than it is to receive certificate from the American government.”2. “ I want to be a conductor , and Ive already chosen the best American mus

16、ic school,”specifies Sandro Rodrigo de Barros.Quotation (引言引言法法)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案Part I Part IIPart IIIMain idea?When in America, the foreign students inevitably encounter many problems, ranging from finding a host family to having little command of English. Devices for developing it?General-specific (總

17、分法總分法)(Paras. 5-12)The general statement:Things are not always so easy. Foreign students meet with many problems in the new country.Specific illustrations:5. They have to adapt themselves to the new customs. (Para. 9)6. They feel sick about being away from home. (Para. 10)7. They are expected to acc

18、ept American concept of time. (Para. 11)8. They have to improve their English. (Para. 12)General-specific (總分法總分法)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案Typical Paragraph of a General Statement Supported by Reasons (Para. 9)General statement: Another moment of tension descends while students await the domestic flight that wi

19、ll take them to their temporary home in America.The reasons: From then on its everyone for himself. No one really knows how she/ he will adapt to such new customs. Though most foreign students remain in California, some are sent to Texas, Arizona, Idaho, Oklahoma or Virginia.計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案. Language

20、PointBACK計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案departure (L1): n. the act of going away from somewhere Mr. Roberts departure from the company was quite a surprise to all of us. 羅伯特先生離開公司令大家都覺得驚訝。The timetable shows arrivals and departures of all the flights. 時(shí)刻表標(biāo)明了各次航班的到達(dá)和起飛時(shí)間。 action different from (what is usual or expect

21、ed)To allow these changes would be a significant departure from tradition. 容忍這些改變意味著背離傳統(tǒng)。There can be no departure from the rules. 不能允許違反規(guī)則。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案depart (L1): vi. - If you depart from a place, you leave it and start a journey to another place. His parents will depart for Hawaii tomorrow from

22、Heathrow Airport. 他的父母明天將從希思羅機(jī)場(chǎng)起飛去夏威夷。 The train departed 10 minutes ago from Platform 5. 火車10分鐘前從5號(hào)站臺(tái)駛出。 depart from: behave in a way that is different from We wont do it because it departs from our usual practice. 這有悖于我們的常規(guī)做法，所以我們不會(huì)去做。 He is by no means a traditional man. On the contrary, he alway

23、s departs from customs. 他決不是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的人。相反，他做事常常不考慮風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案at first glance (L2):At first glance, the problem seemed easy.乍一看，那問題似乎很容易解決。At first glance, the price of the new product is much higher than that of the old one.乍看，新產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格似乎比舊的要高很多。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案routine (L2): a. usual, ordinaryBe patien

24、t. These are just routine methods.耐心一點(diǎn)，這些只不過是例行程序。It is just a routine medical examination, nothing to get worried about.這只是例行體檢，沒什么可擔(dān)心的。routine: n.the practice of doing things in a fixed orderThe soldiers checked on everyone as a matter of routine.士兵們按常規(guī)檢查了每一個(gè)人。2) a way of life that hardly changesH

25、aving a holiday is good for you to break from routine.度假對(duì)改變一下日常生活是有好處的。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案abroad (L4): ad.1) in or to a foreign country or countries; away from ones own countryThey perform regularly both at home and abroad. 他們經(jīng)常定期在國(guó)內(nèi)外演出。He always goes abroad on business. 他經(jīng)常到國(guó)外出差。2) being spread widelyIt

26、is abroad that she plans to leave the company.她要離開公司的消息已傳開了。There is plenty of enthusiasm abroad. 大伙兒勁頭很足。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案host (L5): n.1) If a country or a city is host of an event, it provides facilities for the event to take place.Beijing will be host of the Olympic Games in 2008.北京將主辦2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)。2) (of

27、) great numberThe research group headed by Dr. Johnson is faced with a host of difficulties.以約翰遜博士為首的研究小組面臨著很多困難。The unselfish man had hosts of friends. 這個(gè)無私大度的男子有很多朋友。host: vt. act as host ofBeijing will host the Olympic Games in the year of 2008.北京將于2008年主辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案average (L5): n. the res

28、ult you get when you add several numbers together and divide the total by the number of numbers; ordinary or usual standardThe average of 10, 12, and 14 is 12.10、12、14的平均值為12。2) a. found by making an average; of the ordinary standardThe average age of girls in our class is 18.我們班女孩子的平均年齡是18歲。3) v. f

29、ind the average of, be as an average ofThe rainfall averages about 40 inches a year. 年平均降雨量為40英寸左右。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案as long as (L8): on condition thatI am afraid of nothing as long as you stay with me.只要你和我在一起，我什么都不怕。You will surely achieve success as long as you work hard. 只要你努力工作，就一定會(huì)成功。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案a

30、uthority (L9): n.1) (usu. pl.) person or group having the power to give orders or take actionlocal authorities (市鎮(zhèn)、郡、區(qū)等的)地方當(dāng)局2) C a person with special knowledgeHe is a famous international authority on shipbuilding. 他是國(guó)際著名的造船權(quán)威。3) U power to give orders and make others obey The police had the autho

31、rity to do a search. 警方有權(quán)進(jìn)行搜查。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案grant (L9):1) vt. give (by sb. in authority)Tears came to her eyes when she accepted the certificate granted by the president. 她接過校長(zhǎng)授予她的證書，淚水涌上了眼眶。The US agreed to grant the new state diplomatic recognition. 美國(guó)同意給予這個(gè)新建立國(guó)家以外交承認(rèn)。2) n. C a thing given for a sp

32、ecial reason, esp. money from the governmentThey gave her a grant to study abroad for one year. 他們給了她一份助學(xué)金，供她出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)一年。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案dream of (L13): Mr. White dreamed of living in a house with a nice garden and a big swimming pool.懷特先生夢(mèng)想著住在一幢有一個(gè)美麗的花園和一個(gè)大游泳池的房子里。He never dreamed of such an important posi

33、tion. 他從未想過得到這么重要的職位。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案on (L13): ad. further in space or timeIf you walk on, youll come to the railway station.繼續(xù)往前走，你就會(huì)走到火車站了。If any letters come, shall I send them on to your new address? 如果有信來，我是否要按你的新地址轉(zhuǎn)給你?Its time to move on. 該繼續(xù)往前走了。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案specify (L14): state or name definite

34、lyHe hasnt specified what action he would take in response to their behavior. 他還沒有說明會(huì)對(duì)他們的行為采取什么應(yīng)對(duì)措施。The designer specified the size of bricks to be used. 設(shè)計(jì)師具體說明了所需磚頭的尺寸。It is specified that you may use a dictionary in the examination. 規(guī)定考試時(shí)可使用辭典。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案plan on (doing sth.) (L17): prepare forW

35、e hadnt planned on twins! 我們沒有生雙胞胎的思想準(zhǔn)備。We were planning on just having a snack and catching the early train.我們打算吃份快餐然后去趕早班火車。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案have difficulty (in) doing sth. (L19): Do you have difficulty getting up early? 你早上早起是不是有困難?Lily always had great difficulty finishing the mathematics assignment

36、 all by herself. 莉莉總是很難獨(dú)立完成數(shù)學(xué)作業(yè)。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案work out (L20): plan, decideI have drawn up the main outlines, and we will have to work out all the details later.我已經(jīng)把大綱草擬好了，隨后我們得把所有的細(xì)節(jié)列出來。I cant work out how to deal with it. 我想不出如何去解決這個(gè)問題。a carefully worked-out plan一項(xiàng)仔細(xì)擬定的計(jì)劃計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案overseas (L24):

37、1) a. (at, to, from, etc. places or countries) across the sea We are trying to build up overseas markets for our cars.我們正設(shè)法為我們的汽車開拓海外市場(chǎng)。There are a lot of overseas students in America. 美國(guó)有許多海外的留學(xué)生。2) ad. across the sea; abroadIf you are living overseas, you may not have to pay tax in your own countr

38、y. 如果你生活在海外，你可以不必在你自己的國(guó)家付稅。Many more people travel overseas for their holidays now than used to be the case. 現(xiàn)在去海外度假的人比以前多得多。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案economize (on sth.) (L25): save (sth.)We have to economize from now on since we have little money left.我們剩下的錢不多了，所以從現(xiàn)在起得節(jié)儉些。If the verb economize is followed by a

39、n object, we have to use the preposition on.People are asked by the government to economize on fuel. 政府要求人民節(jié)約燃料。We have to economize on water during the dry season. 在干旱季節(jié)我們必須節(jié)約用水。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案hit the target (L26): succeed; manageYou certainly hit the target when you said that he was lazy. 你說他懶，可真讓你說

40、中要害了。He hit the target when he became president of the class. 他達(dá)到目的，當(dāng)上了班長(zhǎng)。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案Christian (L27):1) a. of or believing in Jesus Christa Christian country基督教國(guó)家the Christian part of the city那個(gè)城市的基督教區(qū)2) n. C a person who believes in and follows Jesus ChristHes a real Christian.他是個(gè)真正的基督徒。She becam

41、e a Christian, although she was brought up in a non-Christian family.盡管她是在一個(gè)不信仰基督教的家庭里長(zhǎng)大的，可她卻成了一名基督教徒.計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案deduction (L29): n. U, C deductingThe pay I receive is paid after the deduction of tax.我得到的工資是扣過稅的。Deductions of points will be made if those who compete do not follow the rules.如果選手不遵守

42、規(guī)則將被扣分。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案cover (L30): vt. pay for, be enough forThe amount of money can hardly cover the loss.這筆錢無法彌補(bǔ)損失。The Greens had to economize because Mr. Greens income could hardly cover the expenses.因?yàn)楦窳窒壬氩环蟪?，所以一家人只好省吃儉用。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案budget (L31): v. The company has budgeted $10 million for adver

43、tising.公司撥出1,000萬美元作為廣告費(fèi)用。You had better budget for the next month.你最好為下個(gè)月做一下預(yù)算。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案in the event of (L32): in case ofThe bank promised that he could get a loan in the event of an emergency.銀行答應(yīng)萬一出現(xiàn)緊急情況可以貸款給他。His cousin will come into all his property in the event of his death.萬一他去世，所有財(cái)產(chǎn)都將由他

44、的堂弟繼承。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案insurance (L33): n.1) U (usu. sing.) (agreement made by a company or society or by the state, to provide) protection against loss, damage, illness, death, etc. in return for regular feespersonal insurance人身保險(xiǎn)He sells life insurance.他賣人壽保險(xiǎn)。2) U fee paid by or to such a company, etc

45、.When her husband died, she received 50,000 in insurance.她丈夫去世時(shí)，她得到5萬英鎊的保險(xiǎn)金。If you have an accident with your car, the insurance goes up. 如果你在乘坐自己的小汽車時(shí)發(fā)生事故，那么汽車的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)就會(huì)上升。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案do without (L35): I havent enough money to buy a car, so Ill just have to do without (one).我沒有足夠的錢買汽車，所以只好將就著不用車了。計(jì)算機(jī)系

46、統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案accustomed (L35): a. usual, habitualHe took his accustomed place before the fire.他在火爐前的老地方坐了下來。be/get/become accustomed to: be/get/become used toIt took her some time to get accustomed to being the only lady in the office.過了相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間以后，她才漸漸適應(yīng)了自己作為辦公室里惟一的女性的工作環(huán)境。Have you been accustomed to his

47、way of thinking? 你習(xí)慣了他的思維方式了嗎?計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案 take on (L37): undertakeWhy not have a rest? You are taking on too much work.為什么不休息一下呢?你承擔(dān)的工作太多了。Dont take on responsibility that you cannot handle. 不要承擔(dān)你所無法承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案lack (L38):1) n. little; not enough ofThe police had to let him go for lack of e

48、vidence.因?yàn)槿狈ψC據(jù)，警察只好讓他走了。The plan had to be cancelled for lack of money.由于缺乏資金，那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃不得不取消。2) v. not have, be withoutWhat I lack in experience I make up in curiosity. 我用好奇心來彌補(bǔ)我所缺乏的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。He missed another chance just because be was lacking in courage. 他就是因?yàn)槿狈τ職獠庞质チ艘淮螜C(jī)會(huì)。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案take along (L38): carry

49、; take awayI took my music along, but no one asked me to sing.我隨身帶著樂譜，可是沒人邀我唱歌。Why dont you take your mother along to the concert? Im sure she would enjoy it.你為什么不帶你母親一起來聽音樂會(huì)，我想她一會(huì)喜歡的。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案 to (ones) capacity (L39):This ship was filled to capacity with goods.該船滿載貨物。The hall is filled to capa

50、city. 大廳擠得滿滿的。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案as well (L40): tooHis face became pale with pain, maybe anger as well.他的臉因?yàn)橥纯?，可能也因?yàn)閼嵟兊蒙n白。I enjoy the food and environment in that restaurant; the service is quite good as well. 我喜歡那家餐館的食物和氛圍，服務(wù)也很好。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案descend (L46): vi. We turned the corner and saw that the road

51、 descended sharply.我們轉(zhuǎn)過彎，看到路陡然下斜。The sun descended over the western hills.日落西山。As we descended to the cave, we felt a little cold.我們下到那個(gè)洞穴里時(shí)感到有點(diǎn)冷。In our text descend is used in a literary way. It means that a feeling of tension affects students by spreading among them. One more example:A feeling of

52、sadness descended on him and made him leave the sitting-room quietly. 他感到一陣悲哀，悄悄地離開了客廳。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案 await (L46): vt. wait forHe is anxiously awaiting the result of the medical tests.他焦急地等待著醫(yī)學(xué)檢測(cè)的結(jié)果。A surprise awaited us on our arrival.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時(shí)，一件意想不到的事發(fā)生了。Good luck awaits all of us.好運(yùn)等著我們大家。Nothing wa

53、s said as we awaited the arrival of our guests. 我們?cè)诘却腿说絹頃r(shí)都沒有說話。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案domestic (L46): a.1) of or inside a particular country, not foreign or internationalDomestic public opinion had turned against the war.國(guó)內(nèi)的公眾輿論反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。2) of the home, house or familyMany women feel they cannot apply for the top

54、 jobs because of domestic duties.許多婦女認(rèn)為由于家庭責(zé)任的原因，她們不能申請(qǐng)最高層的工作。She loves going out, but hes very domestic.她喜歡出門，可他卻很戀家。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案from then on (L47): since that timeShe had a car accident a year ago and has suffered from back pain from then on.一年前她遇到了車禍，從那以后她經(jīng)常背疼。From then on he refused to talk abo

55、ut it. 從那時(shí)起他就不愿意再談起這件事了。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案adapt (to) (L48): vi. Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.我們的眼睛慢慢地適應(yīng)了黑暗的環(huán)境。When we moved to France, the children adapted to the change well. 我們移居法國(guó)時(shí)，孩子們很順利地適應(yīng)了這一變化。It will surely take you some time to adapt to new life here.你當(dāng)然需要一些時(shí)間來適應(yīng)這里的新生活。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)方案adapt: vt.1) make sth. suitable for a new use, situation, etc.These trees adapted themselves more easily to the red earth of this region.這些樹木比較容易適應(yīng)這個(gè)地區(qū)的紅土。When you go to a new place, you must adapt yourself to customs there.去一個(gè)新的地方時(shí)，要使自己適