1、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)常用英語(yǔ)單詞Aaccounting會(huì)計(jì)accountingcost會(huì)計(jì)成本accountingprofit會(huì)計(jì)利潤(rùn)adverseselection逆向選擇allocation配置allocationofresources資源配置allocativeefficiency配置效率antitrustlegislation反托拉斯法arcelasticity弧彈性Arrow'simpossibilitytheorem阿羅不可能定理Assumption假設(shè)asymetricinformation非對(duì)稱(chēng)性信息average平均averagecost平均成本averagecostpricing

2、平均成本定價(jià)法averagefixedcost平均固定成本averageproductofcapital資本平均產(chǎn)量averageproductoflabour勞動(dòng)平均產(chǎn)量averagerevenue平均收益averagetotalcost平均總成本averagevariablecost平均可變成本Bbarrierstoentry進(jìn)入壁壘baseyear基年bilateralmonopoly雙邊壟斷benefit收益blackmarket黑市blisspoint極樂(lè)點(diǎn)boundarypoint邊界點(diǎn)breakevenpoint收支相抵點(diǎn)budget預(yù)算budgetconstraint預(yù)算約束b

3、udgetline預(yù)算線budgetset預(yù)算集Ccapital資本capitalstock資本存量capitaloutputratio資本產(chǎn)出比率capitalism資本主義cardinalutilitytheory基數(shù)效用論cartel卡特爾ceterispuribusassumption其他條件不變“”的假設(shè)ceterispuribusdemandcurve其他因素不變的需求曲線Chamberlinmodel張伯倫模型changeindemand需求變化changeinquantitydemanded需求量變化changeinquantitysupplied供給量變化changeinsu

4、pply供給變化choice選擇closedset閉集Coasetheorem科斯定理CobbDouglasproductionfunction柯布-道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)cobwebmodel蛛網(wǎng)模型collectivebargaining集體協(xié)議工資collusion合謀commandeconomy指令經(jīng)濟(jì)commodity商品commoditycombination商品組合commoditymarket商品市場(chǎng)commodityspace商品空間commonproperty公用財(cái)產(chǎn)comparativestaticanalysis比較靜態(tài)分析compensatedbudgetline補(bǔ)償預(yù)算線

5、compensateddemandfunction補(bǔ)償需求函數(shù)compensationprinciples補(bǔ)償原則compensatingvariationinincome收入補(bǔ)償變量competition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)competitivemarket競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性市場(chǎng)complementgoods互補(bǔ)品completeinformation完全信息completeness完備性conditionforefficiencyinexchange交換的最優(yōu)條件conditionforefficiencyinproduction生產(chǎn)的最優(yōu)條件concave凹concavefunction凹函數(shù)concavepref

6、erence凹偏好consistence一致性constantcostindustry成本不變產(chǎn)業(yè)constantreturnstoscale規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變constraints約束consumer消費(fèi)者consumerbehavior消費(fèi)者行為consumerchoice消費(fèi)者選擇consumerequilibrium消費(fèi)者均衡consumeroptimization消費(fèi)者優(yōu)化consumerpreference消費(fèi)者偏好consumersurplus消費(fèi)者剩余consumertheory消費(fèi)者理論consumption消費(fèi)consumptionbundle消費(fèi)束consumptioncomb

7、ination消費(fèi)組合consumptionpossibilitycurve消費(fèi)可能曲線consumptionpossibilityfrontier消費(fèi)可能性前沿consumptionset消費(fèi)集consumptionspace消費(fèi)空間continuity連續(xù)性continuousfunction連續(xù)函數(shù)contractcurve契約曲線convex凸convexfunction凸函數(shù)convexpreference凸偏好convexset凸集corporatlon公司cost成本costbenefitanalysis成本收益分costfunction成本函數(shù)costminimization成

8、本極小化Cournotequilihrium古諾均衡Cournotmodel古諾模型Crosspriceelasticity交叉價(jià)格彈性Ddeadweightsloss重負(fù)損失decreasingcostindustry成本遞減產(chǎn)業(yè)decreasingreturnstoscale規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞減deduction演繹法demand需求demandcurve需求曲線demandelasticity需求彈性demandfunction需求函數(shù)demandprice需求價(jià)格demandschedule需求表depreciation折舊derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)derivedemand派生需求differe

9、nceequation差分方程differentialequation微分方程differentiatedgood差異商品differentiatedoligoply差異寡頭diminishingmarginalsubstitution邊際替代率遞減diminishingmarginalreturn收益遞減diminishingmarginalutility邊際效用遞減directapproach直接法directtaxes直接稅discounting貼稅、折扣diseconomiesofscale規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì)disequilibrium非均衡distribution分配divisionofla

10、bour勞動(dòng)分工distributiontheoryofmarginalproductivity邊際生產(chǎn)率分配論duoupoly雙頭壟斷、雙寡duality對(duì)偶durablegoods耐用品dynamicanalysis動(dòng)態(tài)分析dynamicmodels動(dòng)態(tài)模型EEconomicagents經(jīng)濟(jì)行為者economiccost經(jīng)濟(jì)成本economicefficiency經(jīng)濟(jì)效率economicgoods經(jīng)濟(jì)物品economicman經(jīng)濟(jì)人economicmode經(jīng)濟(jì)模型economicprofit經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)economicregionofproduction生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域economicregul

11、ation經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)economicrent經(jīng)濟(jì)租金exchange交換economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)exchangeefficiency交換效率economy經(jīng)濟(jì)exchangecontractcurve交換契約曲線economyofscale規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)Edgeworthboxdiagram埃奇沃思圖exclusion排斥性、排他性Edgeworthcontractcurve埃奇沃思契約線Edgeworthmodel埃奇沃思模型efficiency效率，效益efficiencyparameter效率參數(shù)elasticity彈性elasticityofsubstitution替代彈性endogenous

12、variable內(nèi)生變量endowment稟賦endowmentofresources資源稟賦Engelcurve恩格爾曲線entrepreneur企業(yè)家entrepreneurship企業(yè)家才能entrybarriers進(jìn)入壁壘entry/exitdecision進(jìn)出決策envolopecurve包絡(luò)線equilibrium均衡equilibriumcondition均衡條件equilibriumprice均衡價(jià)格equilibriumquantity均衡產(chǎn)量eqity公平equivalentvariationinincome收入等價(jià)變量excesscapacitytheorem過(guò)度生產(chǎn)能力

13、定理excesssupply過(guò)度供給exchange交換exchangecontractcurve交換契約曲線exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusionprinciple排他性原則existence存在性existenceofgeneralequilibrium總體均衡的存在性exogenousvariables外生變量expansionpaths擴(kuò)展徑expectation期望expectedutility期望效用expectedvalue期望值expenditure支出explicitcost顯性成本externalbenefit外部收益externalcost外部成本extern

14、aleconomy外部經(jīng)濟(jì)externaldiseconomy外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)externalities外部性FFactor要素factordemand要素需求factormarket要素市場(chǎng)factorsofproduction生產(chǎn)要素factorsubstitution要素替代factorsupply要素供給fallacyofcomposition合成謬誤finalgoods最終產(chǎn)品firm企業(yè)firms'demandcurveforlabo企業(yè)勞動(dòng)需求曲線firmsupplycurve企業(yè)供給曲線first-degreepricediscrimination第一級(jí)價(jià)格歧視firstor

15、dercondition一階條件fixedcosts固定成本fixedinput固定投入fixedproportionsproductionfunction固定比例的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)flow流量fluctuation波動(dòng)forwhomtoproduce為誰(shuí)生產(chǎn)freeentry自由進(jìn)入freegoods自由品，免費(fèi)品freemobilityofresources資源自由流動(dòng)freerider搭便車(chē)，免費(fèi)搭車(chē)function函數(shù)futurevalue未來(lái)值Ggametheory對(duì)策論、博弈論generalequilibrium總體均衡generalgoods一般商品Giffengoods吉芬晶收入補(bǔ)償需

16、求曲線Giffen'sParadox吉芬之謎Ginicoefficient吉尼系數(shù)goldenrule黃金規(guī)則goods貨物governmentfailure政府失敗governmentregulation政府調(diào)控grandutilitypossibilitycurve總效用可能曲線grandutilitypossibilityfrontier總效用可能前沿heterogeneousproduct異質(zhì)產(chǎn)品Hickskaldorwelfarecriterion?？怂挂豢柖喔＠麡?biāo)準(zhǔn)homogeneity齊次性homogeneousdemandfunction齊次需求函數(shù)homogeneo

17、usproduct同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品homogeneousproductionfunction齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)horizontalsummation水平和household家庭howtoproduce如何生產(chǎn)humancapital人力資本hypothesis假說(shuō)Iidentity恒等式imperfectcompetion不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)implicitcost隱性成本income收入incomecompensateddemandcurveincomeconstraint收入約束incomeconsumptioncurve收入消費(fèi)曲線incomedistribution收入分配incomeeffect收入效應(yīng)in

18、comeelasticityofdemand需求收入彈性increasingcostindustry成本遞增產(chǎn)業(yè)increasingreturnstoscale規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞增inefficiency缺乏效率indexnumber指數(shù)indifference無(wú)差異indifferencecurve無(wú)差異曲線indifferencemap無(wú)差異族indifferencerelation無(wú)差異關(guān)系indifferenceset無(wú)差異集indirectapproach間接法individualanalysis個(gè)量分析individualdemandcurve個(gè)人需求曲線individualdemandf

19、unction個(gè)人需求函數(shù)inducedvariable引致變量induction歸納法industry產(chǎn)業(yè)industryequilibrium產(chǎn)業(yè)均衡industrysupplycurve產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線inelastic缺乏彈性的inferiorgoods劣品inflectionpoint拐點(diǎn)information信息informationcost信息成本initialcondition初始條件initialendowment初始稟賦innovation創(chuàng)新input投入inputoutput投入產(chǎn)出institution制度institutionaleconomics制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)insura

20、nce保險(xiǎn)intercept截距interest利息interestrate利息率intermediategoods中間產(chǎn)品internatizationofexternalities外部性?xún)?nèi)部化invention發(fā)明inversedemandfunction逆需求函數(shù)investment投資invisiblehand看不見(jiàn)的手isocostline等成本線，isoprofitcurve等利潤(rùn)曲線isoquantcurve等產(chǎn)量曲線isoquantmap等產(chǎn)量族Kkindeddemandcurve彎折的需求曲線Llabour勞動(dòng)labourdemand勞動(dòng)需求laboursupply勞動(dòng)供給l

21、abourtheoryofvalue勞動(dòng)價(jià)值論labourunions工會(huì)laissezfaire自由放任Lagrangianfunction拉格朗日函數(shù)Lagrangianmultiplier拉格朗乘數(shù)，land土地law法則lawofdemandandsupply供需法lawofdiminishingmarginalutility邊際效用遞減法則lawofdiminishingmarginalrateofsubstitution邊際替代率遞減法則lawofdiminishingmarginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution邊際技術(shù)替代率lawofincreasing

22、cost成本遞增法則lawofoneprice單一價(jià)格法則leaderfollowermodel領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者-跟隨者模型leastcostcombinationofinputs最低成本的投入組合leisure閑暇Leontiefproductionfunction列昂節(jié)夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)licenses許可證lineardemandfunction線性需求函數(shù)linearhomogeneity線性齊次性linearhomogeneousproductionfunction線性齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)longrun長(zhǎng)期longrunaveragecost長(zhǎng)期平均成本longrunequilibrium長(zhǎng)期均衡longru

23、nindustrysupplycurve長(zhǎng)期產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線longrunmarginalcost長(zhǎng)期邊際成本longruntotalcost長(zhǎng)期總成本Lorenzcurve洛倫茲曲線lossminimization損失極小化1umpsumtax一次性征稅luxury奢侈品Mmacroeconomics宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)marginal邊際的marginalbenefit邊際收益marginalcost邊際成本marginalcostpricing邊際成本定價(jià)marginalcostoffactor邊際要素成本marginalperiod市場(chǎng)期marginalphysicalproductivity實(shí)際實(shí)

24、物生產(chǎn)率marginalproduct邊際產(chǎn)量marginalproductofcapital資本的邊際產(chǎn)量marginalproductof1abour勞動(dòng)的邊際產(chǎn)量marginalproductivity邊際生產(chǎn)率marginalrateofsubstitution邊替代率marginalrateoftransformation邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率marginalreturns邊際回報(bào)marginalrevenue邊際收益marginalrevenueproduct邊際收益產(chǎn)品marginalrevolution邊際革命marginalsocialbenefit社會(huì)邊際收益marginalsocia

25、lcost社會(huì)邊際成本marginalutility邊際效用marginalvalueproducts邊際價(jià)值產(chǎn)品market市場(chǎng)marketclearance市場(chǎng)結(jié)清，市場(chǎng)洗清marketdemand市場(chǎng)需求marketeconomy市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)marketequilibrium市場(chǎng)均衡marketfailure市場(chǎng)失敗marketmechanism市場(chǎng)機(jī)制marketstructure市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)marketseparation市場(chǎng)分割marketregulation市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)marketshare市場(chǎng)份額markuppricing加減定價(jià)法Marshalliandemandfunction馬歇爾需

26、求函數(shù)maximization極大化microeconomics微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)minimumwage最低工資misallocationofresources資源誤置mixedeconomy混合經(jīng)濟(jì)model模型money貨幣monopolisticcompetition壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)monopolisticexploitation壟斷剝削monopoly壟斷，賣(mài)方壟斷monopolyequilibrium壟斷均衡monopolypricing壟斷定價(jià)monopolyregulation壟斷調(diào)控monopolyrents壟斷租金monopsony買(mǎi)方壟斷NNashequilibrium納什均衡Natura

27、lmonopoly自然壟斷Naturalresources自然資源Necessarycondition必要條件necessities必需品netdemand凈需求nonconvexpreference非凸性偏好nonexclusion非排斥性nonlinearpricing非線性定價(jià)nonrivalry非對(duì)抗性nonpricecompetition非價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)nonsatiation非飽和性non-zerosumgame非零和對(duì)策normalgoods正常品normalprofit正常利潤(rùn)normativeeconomics規(guī)范經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Oobjectivefunction目標(biāo)函數(shù)oligopoly

28、寡頭壟斷oligopolymarket寡頭市場(chǎng)oligopolymodel寡頭模型opportunitycost機(jī)會(huì)成本optimalchoice最佳選擇optimalconsumptionbundle消費(fèi)束perfectelasticity完全有彈性optimalresourceallocation最佳資源配置optimalscale最佳規(guī)模optimalsolution最優(yōu)解optimization優(yōu)化社會(huì) ）偏好排序orderingofoptimization(social)preference(ordinalutility序數(shù)效用ordinarygoods一般品output產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)出o

29、utput elasticity 產(chǎn)出彈性output maximization 產(chǎn)出極大化Pparameter參數(shù)Paretocriterion帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Paretoefficiency帕累托效率Paretoimprovement帕累托改進(jìn)Paretooptimality帕累托優(yōu)化Paretoset帕累托集partialderivative偏導(dǎo)數(shù)partialequilibrium局部均衡patent專(zhuān)利payoffmatrix收益矩陣、支付矩陣perceiveddemandcurve感覺(jué)到的需求曲線perfectcompetition完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)perfectcomplement完全互補(bǔ)品pe

30、rfectmonopoly完全壟斷perfectpricediscrimination完全價(jià)格歧視perfectsubstitution完全替代品perfectinelasticity完全無(wú)彈性perfectlyelastic完全有彈性perfectlyinelastic完全無(wú)彈性plantsize工廠規(guī)模pointelasticity點(diǎn)彈性positiveeconomics實(shí)證經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)postHocFallacy后此謬誤prediction預(yù)測(cè)preference偏好preferencerelation偏好關(guān)系presentvalue現(xiàn)值price價(jià)格priceadjustmentmodel價(jià)

31、格調(diào)整模型priceceiling最高限價(jià)priceconsumptioncurve價(jià)格費(fèi)曲線pricecontrol價(jià)格管制pricedifference價(jià)格差別pricediscrimination價(jià)格歧視priceelasticityofdemand需求價(jià)格彈性priceelasticityofsupply供給價(jià)格彈性pricefloor最低限價(jià)pricemaker價(jià)格制定者pricerigidity價(jià)格剛性priceseeker價(jià)格搜求者pricetaker價(jià)格接受者pricetax從價(jià)稅privatebenefit私人收益principalagentissues委托-代理問(wèn)題priv

32、atecost私人成本privategoods私人用品privateproperty私人財(cái)產(chǎn)producerequilibrium生產(chǎn)者均衡producertheory生產(chǎn)者理論product產(chǎn)品producttransformationcurve產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換曲線productdifferentiation產(chǎn)品差異production生產(chǎn)productioncontractcurve生產(chǎn)契約曲線productionefficiency生產(chǎn)效率productionfunction生產(chǎn)函數(shù)productionpossibilitycurve生產(chǎn)可能性曲線productivity生產(chǎn)率productiv

33、ityofcapital資本生產(chǎn)率productivityoflabor勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率profit利潤(rùn)profitfunction利潤(rùn)函數(shù)profitmaximization利潤(rùn)極大化propertyrights產(chǎn)權(quán)propertyrightseconomics產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)proposition定理proportionaldemandcurve成比例的需求曲線publicbenefits公共收益publicchoice公共選擇publicgoods公共商品purecompetition純粹競(jìng)爭(zhēng)rivalry對(duì)抗性、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)pureexchange純交換puremonopoly純粹壟斷Qquantitya

34、djustmentmodel數(shù)量調(diào)整模型quantitytax從量稅quasirent準(zhǔn)租金rateofproducttransformation產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換率rationality理性reactionfunction反應(yīng)函數(shù)regulation調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)控relativeprice相對(duì)價(jià)格rent租金rentcontrol規(guī)模報(bào)酬rentseeking尋租rentseekingeconomics尋租經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)resource資源resourceallocation資源配置returns報(bào)酬、回報(bào)returnstoscale規(guī)模報(bào)酬revealedpreference顯示性偏好revenue收益reve

35、nuecurve收益曲線revenuefunction收益函數(shù)revenuemaximization收益極大化ridgeline脊線risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Ssatiation飽和，滿足saving儲(chǔ)蓄scarcity稀缺性lawofscarcity稀缺法則seconddegreepricediscrimination二級(jí)價(jià)格歧視secondderivative-階導(dǎo)數(shù)secondordercondition二階條件service勞務(wù)set集shadowprices影子價(jià)格shortrun短期shortruncostcurve短期成本曲線shortrunequilibrium短期均衡shortrunsupplycurve短期供給曲線shutdowndecision關(guān)閉決策shortage短缺shutdownpoint關(guān)閉點(diǎn)singlepricemonopoly單一定價(jià)壟斷slope斜率socialbenefit社會(huì)收益socialcost社會(huì)成本socialindifferencecurve社會(huì)無(wú)差異曲線socialpreference社會(huì)偏好socialsecurity社會(huì)保障socialwelfarefunction社會(huì)福利函數(shù)socialism社會(huì)主義solution解space空間stabilit