1、虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用解析【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】 1. 初步了解虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)1. 能對(duì)簡單的虛擬語氣進(jìn)行運(yùn)用【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】對(duì)隱含條件的虛擬語氣和從句中虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用語氣有三種： 陳述語氣、 虛擬語氣、 祈使語氣。 虛擬語氣， 表示說話人的假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、建議或愿望，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。第一部分虛擬語氣用于含（或隱含）條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句來源:Zxxk.Com一、 基本情況1、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“過去式（ be的過去式一般用 were） ”；而主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would(should, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形 ”。例如：If he had ti

2、me, he would attend the meeting.If I were you, I would go to look for him.If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.If they were here now, they would help you.練練看If they(have) time, they(study) Italian too.If there(be) no gravity, we(not be) able to walk.2、與過去事實(shí)相反表示與過去的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語從句的

3、謂語動(dòng)詞用“had+過去分詞 ”；主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用 “would(should, could, might )+have+過去分詞 ”例如：If you had taken my advice, you wouldn t have failed in the examination.If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him.If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.【練練看】The rice _(not burn) if you _ (be) more careful y

4、esterday.If my lawyer _ (be) here last Saturday, he _ _ (prevent) me from going.3、與將來事實(shí)可能相反表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件從句和主句所用的謂語動(dòng)詞與 “表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) ”的謂語動(dòng)詞相同，或者條件從句中用“were to (should)+動(dòng)詞原形 ”。例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.If it should s

5、now tomorrow, they couldn t go out.【練練看】If he(go) tomorrow, he(tell) you.小結(jié) 請(qǐng)?zhí)詈靡韵卤砀衽c現(xiàn)在 事實(shí)相反與過去 事實(shí)相反與將來 事實(shí)可能相反主句從句注意： even if/though引導(dǎo)從句用于虛擬語氣的形式與if從句相同。來源:Z+xx+k.ComEven though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you.二、特殊情況1、主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞所指的時(shí)間不同（錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài)虛擬）當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間

6、來調(diào)整。動(dòng)詞的形式要依If you had worked hard, you would be very tired.If you hadn t watched that late movie last night, you wouldn t be so sleepy now.Many dead people would now be alive if they had not attempted to return for something.If Paul had received six more votes in the last election, he would be our c

7、hairman now.【練練看】If you(ask)himyesterday, you( know)what to do now.If it(rain) last night, it(be) very cold today.2、隱含條件隱含條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來暗示存在虛擬條件。這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為if 引導(dǎo)的條件句。Without air, there would be no living things.=If there _(be) no air, there would be no living things.I was very ti

8、red. Otherwise, I would have gone to help you.=If I had not been very tired, I would have gone tohelp you.But for the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today.=If there hadn t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today.3、無主句的虛擬條件句（if only意為“

9、但愿，要是 就好了”，通常用過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)）If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.If only the alarm clock had rung.If only he _(come) early tomorrow.4、虛擬條件句的倒裝（if的省略現(xiàn)象）虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were， should或 had（須為助動(dòng)詞或意為“有”），可將if省略，再把 were， should或 had 移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were

10、 here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=If it should rain, the crops would be saved.請(qǐng)把下列句子恢復(fù)成正常語序的句子Were I in school again, I would work harder.=_Had you been here earlier, y

11、ou would have seen him.=_Should there be a good film tomorrow. I would go to the theatre with you.=_Were it not for your help, I wouldn t be=successful.但在虛擬條件狀語從句中， 省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式， 如我們可以說： Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy.但不能說： Werent it for the expense, I would go to Italy.第

12、二部分虛擬語氣用于某些從句一、 從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式為 (should) do1、用于在表示意愿、建議、命令、提議、請(qǐng)求等動(dòng)詞后的that賓語從句中。 這類動(dòng)詞有：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持 insist; 兩個(gè)命令 order, command; 三個(gè)建議 advise, suggest, propose;四個(gè)要求demand, require, request, desire; 以及 arrange安排， beg請(qǐng)求， decide決定， intend 打算， object 反對(duì)， prefer 愿意， urge強(qiáng)調(diào)、敦促， vote 公認(rèn)；提議 pray請(qǐng)求等。例如：We suggest that we (

13、should) have a meeting.We insist that they (should) go with us.The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.He demanded that we (should) start right away.She advised that we _ (keep) the gate locked.注意： 只有當(dāng) insist 作 “堅(jiān)持主張去做某事情 ”，suggest作 “建議 ”解時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后， 賓語從句才用虛擬語氣。 當(dāng) insis

14、t作 “堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為某個(gè)事實(shí)的客觀存在 ”，suggest作“暗示，表明 ”解時(shí)，賓語從句通常不用虛擬語氣。例如：Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.Madame Curie insisted that there was something in nature that gave out radium.The expression on his face suggested that he _ (be) veryangry.2、用于與表示建議、要求、命令、請(qǐng)示等含義的名詞相關(guān)的表語從句和同位語從句中。這類名詞常見的有：advice忠告，

15、 suggestion勸告 , proposal 提議， motion 提議， demand 要求，desire要求；愿望， requirement 要求， request 要求， order 命令， insistence堅(jiān)持， necessity必要性， pray懇求， decision決定， resolution 決心， idea主意等。例如：This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.We all agreed to his suggestion t

16、hat we _( go) to Beijing for sightseeing.My idea is that we (should) do exercises first. 來源3、用于 It is形容詞或過去分詞或名詞如此等。 這類形容詞或分詞有：that從句中，表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應(yīng)urgent 緊迫的， necessary必要的， important 重要的， vital 極其重要的， possible可能的，strange奇怪的， natural 自然的， probable 可能的， advisable合理的， essential基本的， anxious 焦急的， incre

17、dible 難以置信的， suggested建議， ordered 命令， proposed 提議， requested 要求的， required 要求的， recommended 推薦 ,decided決定的等。 例如：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that we should clean the room every day.It is a pity ( a shame ， no wonder) that you should be so careless.It will be desired (suggested,

18、 decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.二、 從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式為與含條件從句的復(fù)合句的虛擬語氣的謂語動(dòng)詞形式相類似1、 “ wish+賓語從句 ”表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式；表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用 “would(could)+動(dòng)詞原形 ”；表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，用 “had+過去分詞 ”。例如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish youcould go

19、with us.We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.注意：這里的所謂“現(xiàn)在” 、“過去”、“將來”嚴(yán)格說來都是相對(duì)概念，即相對(duì)于"wish"所發(fā)生的時(shí)間而言。 “現(xiàn)在”是指從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間與 "wish" 所發(fā)生的時(shí)間基本相同； “過去”是指從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間早于 "wish" 所發(fā)生的時(shí)間； “將來”是指從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間晚于 "wish" 所發(fā)生的時(shí)間。 例如：Ten years ago, he wished he were a millionaire, but now he is still very poor. When she was young, she wishe