1、短暫性動(dòng)詞，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 第 1 頁 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)作發(fā)生后還可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間或者相當(dāng)長的一段時(shí)間。如： live, work, study, learn, sleep 等，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以和表示一段的時(shí)間狀語連用。 短暫性動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生就立即結(jié)束。它不能和一段時(shí)間連用。這類動(dòng)詞有： go, come, arrive, leave, beg in, start, joi n, marry 等; 在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以和表示 一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 We haven t heard from Jane forong time. 短暫性動(dòng)詞的肯定式不能與表示一段時(shí)間的 for 或

2、 since 或 how long 等狀語連用。值得注 意的是，表示一段時(shí)間的狀語除了 “for 一段時(shí)間”外，還有 since+n.從句（時(shí)間點(diǎn)），since+ 時(shí)間段+ago,疑問詞 how Iong，in the past+時(shí)間段，all these+寸間段，fromto （時(shí)間點(diǎn)）以 及 till/until+n./句子等等。例如： have received his letter for three days( x) I have received his letter. (V) (x) How long has she been away? ( V) 如果短暫性動(dòng)詞與表示一段時(shí)間的

3、時(shí)間狀語連用， 現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換： It s five days since、received hi.s .letter. . , , leave f be away (from) join f be in/ be a member of 撫 faa 龍 epefbeee燭 eeago. 看一個(gè)句即以用以下幾種說法 He left Sha nghai three days ago., ，丄 go out f be out buy/getf have marhafee nmawad 仇於間前呻恕孵魅唧慾轉(zhuǎn)three days ago It is/has beenth

4、ree days since he left Shan ghai. Three dayshas passed ince he left Shan ghai. 幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)： (1) have been(to 與 have gone( to 的 區(qū)別:How long did she leave . 必須將短暫性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 A. It is 或者 Jt has been+寸間+since . (動(dòng)詞用過去式)， die f be dead ope n f be ope n +時(shí)間+嘅& fcatch(a coldf have(a cold) get to know f know

5、beg in to studyf study come to workf work go to schoof be a stude nt 他離開上海已經(jīng)3天了 move to f live in fini sh/e nd f be over come to f be in sit dow n f be seated finish f be over 除了用上面 e 轉(zhuǎn)化形式之外, e 第 2 頁 have been（to 表示 去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了） ”，可用于各人稱; have gone（to 表示去某地了（說話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，?可能在回來的路上，總之

6、，人不在這里。常用第三人稱作主語。 前者可與 once,never, several timeS 等連用，后者則不能。 如：They have been to Beijing twice 他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。 He has gone to Beijing 他去北京了。 注意比較 has gone to, has bee n to, has bee n i 的 意義： He has gone tcAmercia. （他到美國去了。 他不在這里） He has been tcAmercia. （他去過美國。 現(xiàn)已回來） He has been inSha nghai. （他在上海呆過。 現(xiàn)在不在上海

7、） He has been insha nghai for years.（他在上海多年。 現(xiàn)在還在上海） （2）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí) 間的狀語連用。 如：I haven t left here si nee 2019 自從 2019 年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。 另外，動(dòng)詞的延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性還體現(xiàn)在這兩種句型中： 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的肯定式+till/u ntil 短暫性動(dòng)詞的否定式+till/ un til 請看例句： We waited until he came. I didn t go to bed until my father ca

8、me back home last night. 短暫性動(dòng)詞，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí) I. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換： 1. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 2019.（同義句） Mr. Li _ En glish in this school si nee 2019. 2. The factory ope ned ten years ago.（同義句 The factory _ for ten years. 3. John left Beijing three years ago.（同義句） Three years _ Joh n _ Be

9、iji ng. John _ Beiji ng _ three years. 第 3 頁 4. His company opened in 2019.（同義句 His compa ny _ since 2019. 5. My father bought the car half a year ago.（同義句 My father _ the car _ half a year. 6. We got to know each other for about 15 years 同義句 We _ each other _ about 15 years. 7. The film began ten m

10、inutes ago.（同義句 The film _ for ten mi nu tes. 8. I borrowed this book two weeks ago.（同義句 I _ this book for two weeks. 9. My father came back the day before yesterday. My father has _ for two days. 10. My un cle bought the new car two mon ths ago. My un cle has _ the new car _ two mon ths ago. 11. 用

11、have been 和 have gone 填空。 1. Mother isn t here. She _ to the barber s. 2. _ you ever _ abroad before? 4. Tom and Mary have just come in. They _ to a party. 5. Tom and Mary aren t here. They _ to a Party. 6. My father _ to New York. He left this morni ng. 12. The students _ to the cinema to see a fil

12、m today. Now they are back. 14. Mr. and Mrs. Smith _ to London now. They _ there twice already. 18. Miss Li _ n ever _ to China before. 19. Where _ you _ ? The meeti ng has already begu n. 20. Where_ he _ ? I can t find him any where. 川.選擇題 1. The bookshop _ for eight years. A has bee n ope n B has

13、bee n ope ned C has ope ned D has ope n 2. I _ the club for 5 years so far. A. jo ined B. have joined C. have bee n in 第 4 頁 3. The factory _ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2019. A. have made B. have been C

14、. made D. have become 5. _ You mustnt until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6. _ The meeting for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7. _ Miss Gao this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 8. _ Ben a teacher for 4 years . A. has b

15、een B. has become C. was D. became 9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept 12. _ He the car for a week. A. bought B. h

16、as bought C. has had 13. How long _ you _ ill ? Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 14.Since 2019, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from 15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 16. _ The bus on the road fo

17、r 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been 17. _ Are you the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on 18. _ He foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has bee n up 19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had 第

18、5 頁 20. - How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. le nd C. get D. keep 21. - How long _ you _ the army? -For one and a half years. A. did, joi n B. have, bee n in C. have, joined D. will, joi n 22. Oh, Mrs, Ki ng. Your dress looks nice. Is it new? No, I _ it since two years ago. A. had

19、B. bought C. have had D. have bought 23. Jack has _ for a week. A. had a cold B got a cold C. caught a cold 24. “ Howong have you _ there? ” “ Aboufeix years. ” A. come B. gone C. left D. worked 25. Our workshop _ since two years ago. A. was ope n B. ope ned C. has bee n ope n D. has ope ned 26. My grandpa _ for half a year. A. has bee n dead B. died C. has died D. was dead 27. - What a nice bike! How longyou it? -Just t