1、GrammarSubjunctive Mood 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣一一. 語氣的分類語氣的分類1.陳述語氣陳述語氣(The indicative Mood)用來陳述一個事實用來陳述一個事實,或提出或提出一種看法一種看法,有肯定，否定，疑問或感嘆等形式。有肯定，否定，疑問或感嘆等形式。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace!2.祈使祈使語氣語氣(The Imperative Mood)用來表示請求，邀請，用來表示請求，邀請，命令，警告或勸告等命令，警告或勸

2、告等. Lets have a talk. Dont jump in the queue.英語的動詞一般可帶三種不同的語氣英語的動詞一般可帶三種不同的語氣:陳述語氣陳述語氣,祈使語氣和祈使語氣和虛擬語氣虛擬語氣.不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式來表示。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式來表示。3.虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實,而是一中假設(shè)而是一中假設(shè),愿望，懷疑或推測愿望，懷疑或推測.虛擬語氣主要用于虛擬語氣主要用于if條件狀語從句條件狀語從句,也也可用于名詞性從句等可用于名詞性從句等.例如：例如：1）If I were you,I would not leave h

3、er alone.2）If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.3）If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the match.4）Our teacher suggested that we go to lab this afternoon.二二.虛擬語氣的用虛擬語氣的用法法:（一）（一）. 用于用于條件狀語從句條件狀語從句中中:主從主從 句句構(gòu)構(gòu) 成成時態(tài)時態(tài)虛擬條件虛擬條件 從句從句主主 句句例例 句句 與現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)在事實在事實相反的相反的 假設(shè)假設(shè) 與過與過去事實

4、去事實相反的相反的 假設(shè)假設(shè)If + 主語主語 + 動詞過動詞過去時去時 (be用用 were)主語主語 + would/ should/could/ might + 動詞動詞原形原形 If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If + 主語主語 + had +過去分詞過去分詞主語主語 + would/ should/could/ might + have+ 過去分詞過去分詞 If you had taken my advice, youd have passed the exam.1. If條件句中的虛擬語氣條件句中的虛擬語氣 主從主從 句句構(gòu)構(gòu) 成

5、成虛擬條件虛擬條件 從句從句主主 句句例例 句句 與將與將來情況來情況相反的相反的 假設(shè)假設(shè)If + 主語主語 + 動詞的過動詞的過去時去時 If + 主語主語 + were to + 動詞原形動詞原形 If + 主語主語 + should + 動詞原形動詞原形主語主語 + would/ should/could/ might + 動詞原形動詞原形If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. If he shou

6、ld not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next week.時態(tài)時態(tài) 虛擬語氣中的倒裝：虛擬語氣中的倒裝： 如果條件句中有如果條件句中有were,had,should 等等助動詞助動詞，可，可將將if省略，而把省略，而把were,had或或should置于句首置于句首,來表來表達以達以if引導(dǎo)的條件句的相同意思引導(dǎo)的條件句的相同意思1) If you had taken my advice, youd have passed the exam.Had you taken my advice, youd have passe

7、d the exam.2) If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.Were it to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.3) If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next weekShoule he not come tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting till next week.2

8、.含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣 即用即用without(but for) “要不是要不是”,or(else) “否則否則”if it were not for/ if it had not been for(=without/ but for),but代替代替if從句。從句。1）Without/But for his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.If there hadnt been/we hadnt got his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.2

9、）She would have come here, but she was too busy with her homework. She would have come here, if she had not been too busy with her homework.虛擬語氣高考鏈接虛擬語氣高考鏈接1.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday? I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)A.had B.would C.was going to D.did析析: :此題此題A A、D D明顯不合上下文，因為乙方?jīng)]

10、有去。明顯不合上下文，因為乙方?jīng)]有去。B B選選項若為項若為would havewould have則成立，可以理解為則成立，可以理解為I would have I would have come if Icome if I hadn hadnt had an unexpected visitor.t had an unexpected visitor.的的簡略式。但此處是簡略式。但此處是would,would,故應(yīng)排除。只有故應(yīng)排除。只有was going was going toto可得體地表達可得體地表達“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造訪造訪”這一意思。這

11、一意思。 3) If it had not been for the captains efforts, the ship would have sunk.3. 混合虛擬語氣/錯綜虛擬語氣 即條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發(fā)生的時間即條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，多見從句用過去完成時（表示與過去相不一致，多見從句用過去完成時（表示與過去相反），主句用反），主句用would/ could / should/ might+ do(表示與現(xiàn)在相反表示與現(xiàn)在相反)，如：，如：1）If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be qu

12、ite all right now. 2）He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 3 ） If we had driven in turns yesterday, you would feel better now. （二）（二）. 虛擬語氣用虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句中于名詞性從句中:1.1. 用于主語從句中用于主語從句中: :(1) It is suggested / requested / demanded ordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted + that 從句中從句中, 從句用從句用

13、 (should) + 動詞原形動詞原形: eg: Its suggested that the meeting (should)be put off till next week. It was ordered that the wounded soldiers be sent to the field hospital at once.注意：注意：“堅決要命堅決要命”類動詞所接的四種名詞性從句（主從、類動詞所接的四種名詞性從句（主從、賓從、表從、同位語從句）中用法都如此。賓從、表從、同位語從句）中用法都如此?！皥詻Q要堅決要命命”:insist, advise,suggest,propose

14、;deside;require, request,desire,demand; order, command(2)用在用在 It is necessary / important / strange / natural / surprising / essential / vital/ a pity+從句中從句中, 從句用從句用(should) + 動動 詞原形詞原形 : eg: It is necessary that the customs of all national minorities be respected. It is strange that he should have

15、said so. It is not surprising that Alfred should have married Amy. 2. 用于賓語從句中用于賓語從句中:(1)在wish后的賓從表與現(xiàn)在相反用一般過去時（系詞用were）;與過去相反用過去完成時；與將來相反用would/ could/ might+動詞原形: How I wish _ a bird and could fly freely in the sky!（be） I wish I _ so many mistakes in the last exam.( make ) How I wish it _ raining no

16、w!(be)wereHad not madeWerent(2)在would rather后接從句,用過去時表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾?用過去完成時表示與過去相反: eg. Id rather you came tomorrow. Id rather you hadnt told him the news.(3)在advise, demand, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest后用should + 動詞原形, should可以省略: eg. He suggested we (should) start off early the nex

17、t day. We insisted they not be present at such gathering. He ordered that all (should) take part in the work. They requested that we (should) have lunch with them.但是但是: 當當suggest表示表示“暗示暗示,表明表明” insist表示表示“堅堅 持認為持認為”時時,不用虛擬語氣不用虛擬語氣: eg. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our w

18、ork. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.3. 用于表語從句中用于表語從句中:在在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的表語從句等后面的表語從句中中:eg. My advice is that he wait till next week. Her suggestion is that we should learn all the texts by heart. The generals order was that all the soldie

19、rs reach the border in ten hours.4. 用于用于同位語從句同位語從句中中: 在在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的同位語從句中等后面的同位語從句中, 如如:E.g. We all agree to his suggestion that we go to the Happy Valley for an outing. Order came that the soldiers be sent to the border. Here is the doctors advice that

20、you should take the medicine 4 times a day.（三）（三）. 用用于其他句型于其他句型: 1.在在It is (high) time that 句型中句型中, 定語從句的謂定語從句的謂語動詞用過去時語動詞用過去時, 或或should + 動詞原形動詞原形(should不能不能省略省略):eg. It is (high) time that you went to school. Its time you did something about it. It is (high) time that we should start out.2. 用于用于 i

21、f only(要是要是就好了就好了) 引導(dǎo)的感嘆引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用句中，用法同法同wish , 如如:eg. If only I were a bird! If only I had known her telephone number / e-mail address! If only I hadnt lost it! If only the letter had arrived in time! 3 用于用于as if, as though 引導(dǎo)的從句時引導(dǎo)的從句時: 以以as if 、as though（似乎，仿佛）引出（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式狀語從，如果表示真實情況應(yīng)該用的方式狀語從，

22、如果表示真實情況應(yīng)該用陳述語氣；如果表示非真實情況則應(yīng)該用陳述語氣；如果表示非真實情況則應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣, 與現(xiàn)在相反用過去時，與過去相與現(xiàn)在相反用過去時，與過去相反用過去完成時。如：反用過去完成時。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he were an adult.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.Better take an umbrella with you. It look as if a heven rain is around the corner. 4. M

23、ay + 動詞原形，表示祝愿動詞原形，表示祝愿.如如: May the friendship between our two peoples last forever! May you succeed! May the plan work!1.If I had had enough time, I_ my work. A.would finish B.must have finished C.would have finishedD.had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane. A.will catch B.would catch

24、C.would have caughtD.will have caught 3.Mr Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week. A.write B.writen C.would write D.will write 4.Had he studied hard, he_ the exam. A.would pass B.could pass C.had passed D.would have passed CCAD5.I wish I _ what is happening there in his ro

25、om. A.knowB.knownC.knewD.should know 6.It is important that you _ sports every day. A.have B.would have C.must have D.will have 7.If there were no water in the world, everything _. A.will die B.would die C.would have diedD.would have been dead 8. _ what was going to happen ,I would never have left h

26、er alone. A.Had I known B.If I know C.If I knew D.If had I known CABA9.He ordered that the work _ right away. A.should finish B.finished C.would be finished D.be finished 10.Shall we go to the movie tonight? No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A

27、.you stayedB.you stayC.stayedD.stay 11. _ in your position, I would help him. A.Was IB.Were IC.If I amD.If I had been 12.I _, but I was stopped by the heavy rain. A.mean to come B.meant to come C.had meant to comeD.meant coming DABC13.Mrs Black insists_ in that old hotel. A.not to stay B.not staying

28、 C.staying not D.that she not stay 14.If you had spoken clearly, you would_. A.understand it B.have understood C.be understoodD.have been understood 15.If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A.havent watchedB.hadnt watched C.didnt watch D.wouldnt have watched 16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he _ a Chinese. A.isB.beC.should beD.wereDDBD17.If he _, he_ that food. Luckily he was s