新航標職業(yè)英語

英語語音技能教程“十二五”職業(yè)教育國家規(guī)劃教材經(jīng)全國職業(yè)教育教材審定委員會審定·顧問、總主審：劉黛琳·總主編：蔣秉章、老青

·主編：秦小怡、李亮

ⅠBasicIntonationIntonationUnits

SkillExercises

ⅡⅢ

語調(diào)指的是音高模式（pitchpattern）或旋律（melodies），即人們說話時聲音的降低或升高。語調(diào)意義和詞匯意義構(gòu)成了英語話語（utterance）的完整意義。1.Falling降調(diào)降調(diào)自重讀音節(jié)處起始，即聲音的音高自此開始降低。有兩種降調(diào)：高降調(diào)（highfall）和低降調(diào)（lowfall）

I.BasicIntonation返回目錄↓go↓boy↓hope↓friend↓nurse↓first↓colour↓mother↓country↓English↓happy↓wonderful↓animal↓Washington↓capitalre-↓-memberSep-↓-tembertech-↓-nologycommuni-↓-cation

2.Rising升調(diào)升調(diào)自重讀音節(jié)處起始，即聲音的音高自此開始升高。

有兩種升調(diào)：高升調(diào)（highrise）和低升調(diào)（lowrise）返回目錄↑go↑boy↑hope↑friend↑nurse↑first↑colour↑mother↑country↑English↑happy↑wonderful↑animal↑Washington↑capitalre-↑-memberSep-↑-tembertech-↑-nologycommuni-↑-cationI.BasicIntonation

3.Falling-Rising降升調(diào)

降升調(diào)自重讀音節(jié)處起始，即聲音的音高自此先降后升：

返回目錄↓↑go↓↑boy↓↑hope↓↑friend↓↑nurse↓↑first↓↑colour↓↑mother↓↑country↓↑English↓↑happy↓↑wonderful↓↑animal↓↑Washington↓↑capitalre-↓↑-memberSep-↓↑-tembertech-↓↑-nologycommuni-↓↑-cationI.BasicIntonation

4.Rising-Falling升降調(diào)升降調(diào)自重讀音節(jié)處起始，即聲音的音高自此先升后降：

返回目錄↑↓two↑↓terrible↑↓beautifulI.BasicIntonationTwo,↑↓indeed!Come

↑↓on!

一個語調(diào)單位或者語調(diào)組（tonegroup）通常在語句構(gòu)成上與話語中的一個從句、主要的句法短語或一個意群保持一致。語調(diào)單位中的音高變化既可以表示將話語分成的多個語調(diào)組，也可以傳遞多種不同的含義。在下面的例子中，用“/”標示出了語調(diào)組之間的停頓。

II.IntonationUnits返回目錄

觀察下面的層級（hierarchical）關(guān)系，我們可以更好地理解語調(diào)單位：

II.IntonationUnits返回目錄

例1言語：“↓Oh,did↑you?”話語：“↓Oh,”“did↑you?”語調(diào)單位：“↓Oh,did↑you?”or“↓Oh,”“did↑you?”音節(jié)：“↓Oh,-did-↑you?”

例2

言語：“That’snotsomethingInormally↓do.”話語：“That’s'not'something”“I'normally↓do.”語調(diào)單位：“That’s'not'something”“I'normally↓do.”音節(jié)：“That’s-'not-'some-thing”“I-'nor-mal-ly-↓do.”II.IntonationUnits返回目錄

識別語調(diào)單位的目的在于學會找出帶有突出語調(diào)的單詞或音節(jié)，并能準確地讀出。高度突出語調(diào)是重讀音節(jié)的特有屬性。在英語話語中，語調(diào)突出的音節(jié)單位被稱為聲調(diào)單位或語調(diào)單位。在其最小的形式中，一個語調(diào)單位僅包含一個音節(jié)，或者在大小上較一個音節(jié)更大一些。例：“

You?”“Didyou?”“Didyoureallydoit?”

II.IntonationUnits返回目錄

每個語調(diào)單位都有一個“調(diào)核”（nucleus），即在一個語調(diào)單位中最突出的最后一個重讀音節(jié)。因此，先于調(diào)核的一個或多個音節(jié)被稱為“調(diào)頭”（head）和“調(diào)帽”（prehead），而跟在調(diào)核后面的音節(jié)則被稱為“調(diào)尾”（tail）。一般來說，每個語調(diào)單位都有一個調(diào)核，但不一定有調(diào)頭、調(diào)帽或調(diào)尾。例：Weare'learninga

↓

FOReign

language.PHNT

It’ll

↓RAIN

inaminute.PNT（P=調(diào)帽；H=調(diào)頭；N=調(diào)核；T=調(diào)尾）II.IntonationUnits返回目錄

總之，每個語調(diào)單位都有以下特征：1）前后都有停頓；2）包含一個突出的成分；3）都有自己的語調(diào)模式；4）有在語法上連貫的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。II.IntonationUnits返回目錄

以下例子中，調(diào)核出現(xiàn)地方的音節(jié)大寫：1.↓

NO.

(N)2.↑

PARdon.

(N-T)3.Itwas↓

YESterday.

(P-N-T)4.Isit↑RAIning?

(P-N-T)5.Hewas↓

RUNning.

(P-N-T)6.Areyou↑

COMfortable?

(P-N-T)7.Readthe↓

TEXTaloud.

(H-N-T)8.Whatwasyour↓

PETlike?

(H-N-T)9.Theyarepolitetothe↓

STUdent.

(P-H-N-T)10.Pleasetake↓

NOTES.

(H-N)II.IntonationUnits返回目錄

1.語調(diào)練習。聽錄音并跟讀。A.降調(diào)III.SkillExercises返回目錄1.

↓yes↓oh↓no↓sure↓nowO-↓-K↓teach↓read↓smoke↓line↓mail↓boy↓teacher↓reader↓smoker↓liner↓female↓boyfriendba-↓-nanapo-↓-tatoto-↓-matohow-↓-everOc-↓-toberNo-↓-vember

1.語調(diào)練習。聽錄音并跟讀。A.降調(diào)返回目錄2.↓summer-camp↓NationalDay↓noneofus↓MerryChristmas!↓friedchicken↓ice-cream↓table-tennis↓dining-room↓shopping-centreIII.SkillExercises

1.語調(diào)練習。聽錄音并跟讀。A.降調(diào)3.It’s↓raining.She'studies↓hard.Tedis'growing'biggerevery↓day.I’m'swimminginthe↓sea.Toby'bringsmethe'newspaperinthe↓

morning.返回目錄III.SkillExercises

1.語調(diào)練習。聽錄音并跟讀。A.降調(diào)4.↓Hello,I’m↓Pete.I’m'22'years↓old.I’ma'part-time↓student,andIhavea'coupleof'odd↓jobs.Ilike

↑

paintingandcon-↓-structingthings.'Oneofthese↑days,Iwill'makea'famousin-↓-vention!My'girlfriendis'calledMa-↓-rie.She'likestohave

↑

funand↓party.Sheisthe'most'beautiful'girlinthe↓world!返回目錄III.SkillExercises1.語調(diào)練習。聽錄音并跟讀。A.降調(diào)5.↓Hi,my'nameisMa-↓-rie.I'don’twantto'tellyoumy↓age—it’sa↓secret!I’ma'fashionde-↓-signer.I'love↓animals,butI'don’thavea↓pet.I'liketo'walkonthe'beach,to↑

play,andto↓swim.Ihavea'boyfriend,↓Pete,whois↑kindand↓funny,andhe'likesto↓cook!6.↓Woof!↓Woof!Iam↓Toby!Iamthe'only'blue'doginthe↓world.I'liketo↑

runandto'chase'catsand↓cars!ButI'liveonmy↑

own,andI'wanta'friendly↑

owner.返回目錄III.SkillExercises

1.語調(diào)練習。聽錄音并跟讀。B.升調(diào)返回目錄1.↑yes↑oh↑no↑sure↑nowO-↑-K↑teach↑read↑smoke↑line↑mail↑boy↑teacher↑reader↑smoker↑liner↑female↑boyfriendIII.SkillExercises

1.語調(diào)練習。聽錄音并跟讀。B.升調(diào)返回目錄2.↑dictionary↑newspaper↑friendship↑chocolate↑festivalba-↑-nanapo-↑-tatoto-↑-matohow-↑-everOc-↑-toberNo-↑-vember3.Do↑

you?Will↑

you?May↑

I?Shall↑

we?Can’t↑

you?winter-↑campfried-↑chickenice-↑

creamtable-↑tennisdining-↑roomIII.SkillExercises

1.語調(diào)練習。聽錄音并跟讀。B.升調(diào)返回目錄4.Isshe↑

leaving?Doyouthink↑

so?Isit↑

opening?

Wouldyou'mind'closingthe

↑

door?

Wouldyou'e-mail↑

meifyouarea'wayfrom↑

home?III.SkillExercises

1.語調(diào)練習。聽錄音并跟讀。B.升調(diào)5.對話John:↑Pat,canyou'mend'somewherefora↑holiday?Pat:Sure,↑John!I’vejustbeentoa'coupleof'interesting↑places.John:↑Really?'Wheredidyou↓go?Tothe'South↑again?Pat:No,thistimewe'wenttothe↓North.John:Did↑you?Theremustbealotof'funoverthere,↑right?Pat:'Oh↓yes.Wewere'deeplyim'pressedbythe'northern↓scenery↑there.John:'Tellmeaboutthe'pricesthere,would↑you?Pat:They'weren’t'too↓bad.Butyou'oughtto↓gosoon.'Summer’s'nearly↓over!John:'Thankyou'verymuchforyourad-↓-vice,↑Pat.返回目錄III.SkillExercises1.語調(diào)練習。聽錄音并跟讀。C.降升/升降調(diào)1.A:You’llneverguesswhathappenedto↓melast↓↑night!B:↓What?A:↓Well,Iwasjustwalkingdownthe↓street,whenIsawa↓boybehaving

↓oddlyoutsidemyneighbour’s↑↓house.B:Whatwashe↑↓

doing?A:↑Well,itlooked↓↑likehewastryingto↓climbinthrougha↓window.B:How↓oldwashe?A:Oh,aboutfifteen↓↑Ithink.B:Too↓youngtobeaburglar↓↑really...返回目錄III.SkillExercises

1.語調(diào)練習。聽錄音并跟讀。C.降升/升降調(diào)1.A:Well,Idon’t↓↑know.Theystartyoungthese↓↑days,you↑know.

↓Anyway,I↓calledthe↓policebutIfelt↓awfulwhenthey↓↑arrived.B:Whywasthat↓↑then?A:It↓turnedoutitwasmyneighbour’s↑↓nephew!Theywereexpectinghim

twohours↓↑laterandhadgone↓shopping!B:Well,it’sbesttobeonthesafe↑↓side.返回目錄III.SkillExercises

1.語調(diào)練習。聽錄音并跟讀。C.降升/升降調(diào)2.Iwasho-↓↑-pingtogoto↓town,butall↑morningitwas↓pouringdown,soIdidn’tgo↓↑outat↓all.I’mhavingprob-↓↑-lemswithmyInternet↓connection.Don’tsupposeyouknowanythingabout

↓↑

it,do↑you?返回目錄III.SkillExercises

2.聽錄音并跟讀。標出下列句子的調(diào)帽（P）、調(diào)頭（H）、調(diào)核（N）和調(diào)尾（T）。1.Thatwasn’twhatImeant!（）

Thatwasn’t

WHAT

Imeant!（H-N-T）2.Itwasunusuallydarknight.（）

Itwas

unusually

DARK

night.（P-H-N-T）

3.Internetshoppingisagreatthing.（）

Internetshopping

isa

GREAT

thing.（P-H-N-T）

4.Fashionschangetooquickly.（）

Fashionschange

too

QUICKly.（P-H-N-T）5.Theyspeakmanyforeignlanguages.（）

Theyspeak

many

FORreign

languages.（P-H-N-T）返回目錄III.SkillExercises

2.聽錄音并跟讀。標出下列句子的調(diào)帽（P）、調(diào)頭（H）、調(diào)核（N）和調(diào)尾（T）。6.Theteachersmarkandreturnstudents’workquickly.（）

Theteachers

markandreturn

STUdents’

workquickly.（P-H-N-T）7.Thereistoomuchadvertisingontelevision.（）

Thereis

toomuch

ADvertising

ontelevision.（P-H-N-T）8.Hisbooksarefulloforiginalideas.（）

Hisbooks

arefullof

oRIginal

ideas.（P-H-N-T）9.Whenthefinalbellrings,youmustputyourpensdownimmediately.（）（）

Whenthe

finalbell

RINGS,youmust

putyour

PENS

downimmediately.

（P-H-N）

（P-H-N-T）10.Evenasayoungchemistshehadaveryinquiringmindandinvestigatedeverythingthoroughly.（）（）（）

Evenasa

young

CHEmist/shehad

avery

inQUIring

mind/and

investigated

everythingTHOroughly.（P-H-N-T）

（P-H-N-T）（P-H-N-T）返回目錄III.SkillExercises

3.根據(jù)意群用正確的語調(diào)朗讀下面的短文。然后聽錄音并

跟讀。DearHarry,LastnighttherewasaphonemessagefromBrad.HesaidJake’sbeenarrested.Whathashedone?Wherehashebeentaken?Hesaidyouvisitedhim.Howdidyouknowwherehewas?Iunderstandyouspoketohim.BradalsosaiditwastodowiththeSecretService.Whatdidhemean?AmItheonlypersonapartfromyouandBradwhoknowsaboutthis?ItriedtocallBradbuthewasout.Wherehashegone?Pleasecallandtellmemore!Regards,Pete返回目錄III.SkillExercises

4.聽下面對話的錄音并跟讀。然后跟你的同伴用正確的語調(diào)分角色表演這些對話。1.A:Whydoyouwanttoeapilot,