1、定語從句 課題名稱定語從句1 授課老師：教學(xué)目的掌握定語從句的根本用法關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的選擇；會判斷先行詞在從句中的成分教學(xué)重點教學(xué)難點定語從句主從句的劃分；先行詞的成分；合并句子組成定語從句；定語從句的翻譯設(shè)計意圖通過翻譯句子掌握句子構(gòu)造教學(xué)過程一三個概念1.定語從句：用來修飾某個名詞、代詞或整個句子的從句就叫做定語從句。2.先行詞：定語從句所修飾的詞就叫做先行詞，它一般是由名詞、代詞或句子充當(dāng)。3.引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞就叫做引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)詞用以連接先行詞與定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞既有替代先行詞的作用，又在從句中充當(dāng)著一個成分。例：The boy who is singing at the st

2、age is only nine years old. 先行詞 引導(dǎo)詞 定語從句Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 先行詞 定語從句引導(dǎo)詞二要點1.先行詞與定語從句之間要有引導(dǎo)詞有時可省略:做賓語且前面無介詞2.關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞之后3.引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞4.引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)某一成分三劃分定語從句的主句和從句根本步驟：先確定引導(dǎo)詞，1假設(shè)引導(dǎo)詞前為一個詞，那么先從引導(dǎo)詞處斷開，然后從后往前找到第一個謂語動詞，在此動詞前斷開，那么中間部分為從句，其余部分組合構(gòu)成主句。Eg1:The girl/ wh

3、o that is drawing/ is Jims sister. 主句：The girl is Jims sister.從句：The girl is drawingwho代替the girl,需復(fù)原Eg2:The man /whothat lives next door/ is friendly.主句：The man is friendly.從句：The man lives next door.who代替the man,需復(fù)原2假設(shè)引導(dǎo)詞前為一句話即包含主謂賓，那么直接在引導(dǎo)詞處斷開，前面即為主句，后面那么為從句。Eg1:He is the man/ whomthat we saw yes

4、terday.主句：He is the man.從句：We saw the man yesterday.whom代替the man,需復(fù)原Eg2:A plane is a machine whichthat can fly.主句：A plane is a machine.從句：The machine can fly.which代替machine,需復(fù)原穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：劃分以下句子的主、從句 1.Check the ways that you study for an English test. 主：_從：_ 2.Another thing that I found very difficult wa

5、s English grammar. 主：_從：_ 3.You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 主：_從：_ 4.I have some ideas that may help. 主：_從：_ 5.They said something that you didnt like. 主：_從：_四引導(dǎo)詞的選擇關(guān)系代詞: who/whom/that/which/whose 1.先行詞是人時，關(guān)系代詞用who/whom/that.1 who/that表主格，在從句中作主語: The girl who /that is drawing is Jims

6、 sister. 主：_從：_The man who/that lives next door is friendly.主：_從：_2 whom/that表賓格who可用于口語中可省略，在從句中作賓語:The boy whom/that we talked about will come.主：_從：_He is the man whom/that we saw yesterday.主：_從：_2.先行詞為物時，關(guān)系代詞用which/that.1 which/that作主語:A plane is a machine which / that can fly.主：_從：_Mary likes mu

7、sic which/that is quiet and gentle.主：_從：_2 which/that作賓語,可省略:The car which /that he bought was a second-hand one.主：_從：_The film which/that we saw last night was wonderful.主：_從：_3.whose：表所有格，作定語，先行詞既可以是人，也可以是物The worker whose arm was broken was sent to hospital.主：_從：_The river whose banks are covered

8、 with trees is very long.主：_從：_總結(jié)： 成分先行詞主語賓語定語人who、thatwhom、who、thatWhoseof whom物which、thatwhich、thatWhoseof which（5） 定語從句的翻譯原那么：先劃分主、從句，然后將從句放在所修飾的名詞前翻譯并且加一個“的字即可，關(guān)系代詞可不予理睬；也可以將主、從句分開翻譯。詳細問題需詳細分析，以翻譯通順、明了為主要原那么。1A Chinese who is called Mo Yan won the Nobel Literature Prize this year. 主A Chinese won

9、 the Nobel Prize in Literature this year. 譯今年，一個中國人獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。 從A Chinese is called Mo Yan. 譯一個中國人叫莫言。翻譯“今年，一個叫莫言的中國人獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。或“今年，一個中國人獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎，他叫莫言。2The Diaoyu Island which is rich in all kinds of natural resources is an inseparable part of Chinese territory. 主_。 譯_。 從_. 譯_。 翻譯_。3Gaokao is one of

10、 the important exams which will determine the fate of most of the students. 主_. 譯_。 從_. 譯_。 翻譯_。4Do you know the man whom our teacher just talked to？翻譯_5China is a country which has a history of more than 5,000 years.翻譯_6The Communist Party is a political party which will make China a greater and mo

11、re powerful country.翻譯_7"The Series of Transformers" which were made by Americans are very popular all over the world.翻譯_（6） 穩(wěn)固練習(xí)1.劃分主、從句,并翻譯1The girl whose father is a scientist is very good at physics. 主_. 從_. 翻譯_2China is a country which has a history of more than 5,000 years. 主_. 從_. 翻

12、譯_3He is a lovely boy who is loved by all the teachers and students. 主_. 從_. 翻譯_4The Communist Party is a political party which will make China a greater and more powerful country. 主_. 從_. 翻譯_5"The Series of Transformers" which were made by Americans are very popular all over the world. 主_

13、. 從_. 翻譯_6Check the ways that you study for an English test. _7Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. _8You couldnt understand people who talked fast. _9I have some ideas that may help. _10They said something that you didnt like._2.合成句子：將兩句話合并成含有定語從句的一句話根本法那么：五步法找山寨產(chǎn)品進展調(diào)查第一步：

14、找，即找到兩個簡單句中一樣的部分，該部分即為先行詞。第二步：刪，即刪掉從句中的一樣部分。第三步：代，即代替，將被刪掉的部分用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞代替。第四步：調(diào)，即調(diào)整順序，將關(guān)系詞放在主句先行詞之后，整個從句放在關(guān)系詞之后。第五步：查，即檢查整個句子是否準確無誤。例題分析： Look at the photos. I took the photos on my trip.第一步：主句和從句中都有the photos。 Look at the photos. I took the photos on my trip.第二步：將從句中the photos刪掉。 Look at the photos. I

15、 took _ on my trip.第三步：由于photos是物，故用which代替。 Look at the photos. I took which on my trip.第四步：將which放在主句photos后面，從句隨其后。 Look at the photos which I took on my trip.第五步：檢查整句是否無誤。穩(wěn)固練習(xí)1. I cant find the letter. The letter came this morning._2. Please give me the book. The book is about travel._3. This is

16、 the bag. My mother bought it last week._4. The house is made of wood. Jack built the house last year._5. He was talking with a lady. Her son was ill._6. The girl is called Mary. I saw her yesterday._7. She is a person. Everyone likes to make friends with her._8. He is a hero, and we are all proud o

17、f him._9. The house is Toms. Its door faces south._10.The reason is proper. He gave us the reason._3.翻譯含定語從句的長句根本步驟：先找“的前面為一句話的“的字，“的后面的名詞即為先行詞。（1） 假設(shè)“的后面為一句話，那么將“的前后斷開，前面為從句，后面為主句。然后復(fù)原先行詞在從句的成分，按照合并定語從句的根本步驟進展。Eg1:正在畫畫/的/那個女孩是Jim的姐姐。. 主句：那個女孩是Jim的姐姐。The girl is Jims sister.從句：那個女孩正在畫畫。The girl is d

18、rawing.翻譯：The girl who that is drawing is Jims sister.Eg2:住在隔壁/的/那個人很友好。主句：那個人很友好。The man is friendly.從句：那個人住在隔壁。The man lives next door.翻譯：The man whothat lives next door is friendly.2假設(shè)“的后面為一個名詞，那么將“的前面斷開，然后往前找到第一個主語和謂語動詞，在此主語和動詞前斷開假設(shè)先行詞在從句中作主語，那么不需找主語；假設(shè)先行詞在從句中作賓語，那么需找主語，那么中間部分為從句，將“的去掉后的其余部分組合構(gòu)成

19、主句。然后復(fù)原先行詞在從句的成分，按照合并定語從句的根本步驟進展。Eg1:他就是/我們昨天看見/的那個人。主句：他就是那個人。He is the man.從句：我們看見那個人。We saw the man yesterday.翻譯：He is the man whomthat we saw yesterday.Eg2:飛機是一種/會飛/的機器。主句：飛機是一種機器。A plane is a machine.從句：一種機器會飛。A/The machine can fly.A plane is a machine whichthat can fly.穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：先劃分以下句子的主、從句，再合并成定語

20、從句。1. 你不能理講解話快的人。主_。從_.合并_。2. 這是一本講述宇宙飛船技術(shù)的書。主_。從_.合并_。3. 他正在使用的錄音機是日本制造的。主_。從_.合并_。4. 跟你說話的那個人是一個科學(xué)家。主_。從_.合并_。練習(xí)：用定語從句翻譯以下短語 一個叫做Tom的男孩 _ 教我們英語的老師 _ 昨天我媽媽給我的錢 _ 矗立在河邊的樓房 _ 一位皮包被偷了的女士 _1先行詞在從句中作主語實例展示 This book was left by John , who was here a moment ago . The teachers who are present at our class

21、 are all experienced ones . Here is the the mony that / which will be given to you . This is a book which tells about space rocket technology . This is the book whose cover is blue .= This is the book , the cover of which is blue.從句中主語是whose cover / the cover of which 仿寫練習(xí)a.那些砍伐樹木的人應(yīng)該受到懲罰。who _b.無家可

22、歸的人數(shù)量多達250,000人。who , as many as _c.不努力學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生不會通過考試的。who_d.她上周買的房子非常好看。which_2關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語實例展示 This recorder whichhe is using is made in Japan . The man whom you spoke to was a scientist . = The man to whom you spoke was a scientist . The city which she lives in is far away .仿寫練習(xí)a.這是我要照顧的小孩。whom_b.我的詞

23、典被偷了，那是我爸爸在美國買的。which/ that _c.北京是中國的首都，它是一座美麗的城市。which_d.Jim是我的外教，從他身上我學(xué)到了很多東西。from whom_3用定語從句重新整理以下句子 Our class is a big family; It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a goo

24、d boy that we all like him._課堂練習(xí)一、選擇填空1. This is the dictionary mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom2. Shaolin Temple lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what3. I like the music I can sing along with. A. w

25、hat B. that C. who D. why4. Jack, there is someone in the office would like to speak with you. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose5. The camel I rode had a bad temper, and I got very tired. A. that B. whose C. who D. where6. Last summer I went to Lu Xuns hometown and visited the house he was born. A. t

26、hat B. there C. which D. where7. The boy won the first prize is called Roy. A. when B. whom C. who D. which8. The man lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. where二、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever

27、.3. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.課后作業(yè)一、選擇填空9-20屬于定從2內(nèi)容，暫不做1. Look at that lady name is Pochi.A. who B. whose C. whom D. that2. He is a teacher I like very much.A. whos B. whose C. / D. which3. Those pictures were drawn by Tom are nice. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which4. Those will

28、 go to the park stay here.A. who B. that C. whom D. whose5.The girl could sing well went to Europe.A. who B. whose C. whom D. Which6. The woman came yesterday is my mother. A.who B. whom C. whose D. which7. Is the American film you have seen interesting? A. who B. whom C. that D. when8.Have you foun

29、d the bike was lost? A. which B. whose C. when D. where9. That was all the money I had.A. which B. that C. whose D. whom10. Tom is the first boy left the room. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose11. This is the biggest ship Ive ever seen.A. who B. whom C. that D. whose12. You can read any book I have.A. who B. whom C. that D. whose13. This is all she said about itA. who B. whom C. what D. that14. Look at the