1、1 綜述Overview炭化charring非炭化Non-charring機理mechanism analysis1.（）翻譯如下短語和論文標(biāo)題：翻譯如下短語和論文標(biāo)題：1)短語熱解與著火的動力學(xué)行為kinetic behavior of pyrolysis and ignition 2)短語城市火災(zāi)的危害性預(yù)測與風(fēng)險評估hazard prediction and risk assessment of urban fires3)短語腔室建筑中的機械排煙系統(tǒng)smoke extracting system in the compartment buildings4)短語野火三角中燃料、地形和天氣之

2、間的相互作用interactions among the fuel, terrain and weather in a wild fire triangle5)短語坡度和風(fēng)對火災(zāi)發(fā)展的影響influence of the slope and wind on the fire growth6)標(biāo)題細(xì)水霧對油池火影響機制的實驗與數(shù)值研究experimental and simulating study of the suppression mechanism of water mist on pool fire7)標(biāo)題過去 20 年中國建筑火災(zāi)的統(tǒng)計分析statistical analysis o

3、f Chinese building fires in the past 20 years8)標(biāo)題高層建筑中的人員疏散與火災(zāi)安全設(shè)計：理論模擬pedestrian evacuation and fire safety design in high buildings: theoretical simulation9)標(biāo)題火誘導(dǎo)的溫度場和速度場的機理分析mechanism analysis of the temperature field and velocity field induced by fire10)標(biāo)題火災(zāi)信號特征在研制火災(zāi)探測器方面的應(yīng)用application of the ch

4、aracteristics of fire signals in the development of fire detectors11)短語火災(zāi)安全科學(xué)與消防工程fire safety science and fire protection engineering12)短語利用多信號報警的火災(zāi)探測系統(tǒng)Fire detection system using multi-signals alarm13)短語有焰和無焰燃燒的動力學(xué)行為kinetics behavior of flame and flameless combustion14)短語熱量釋放速率和火蔓延速度Heat release ra

5、te and fire spreading velocity 215)短語火誘導(dǎo)的溫度場和速度場temperature field and velocity field induced by fire16)標(biāo)題火災(zāi)人員疏散的理論與實驗研究Theoretical and experimental study of the human evacuation in fires17)標(biāo)題火災(zāi)抑制和撲救技術(shù)的發(fā)展：回顧與展望development of fire suppression and fighting technology: review and prospect18)標(biāo)題野火中垂直火旋風(fēng)的理

6、論分析與數(shù)值模擬Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of the vertical fire whirl in the wild fires19)標(biāo)題中國建筑火災(zāi)中轟燃和回燃的統(tǒng)計調(diào)查Statistical survey of the flashover and backdraft of building fires in China20)標(biāo)題野火三角中燃料、地形和天氣三因子之間相互作用的機理分析Mechanism analysis of the interactions among the fuel, terrain and weath

7、er in a wild fire triangle21)燃料類型對自發(fā)著火動力學(xué)行為的影響：實驗研究Influence of fuel type on the spontaneous ignition dynamical behavior: Experimental Study22)大尺度池火誘導(dǎo)的速度場和溫度場理論分析theoretical analysis of velocity field and temperature field induced by Large-scale pool fire23)坡度和風(fēng)速對地表火蔓延中火焰高度和長度所起的作用：理論分析與測量The role o

8、f slope and wind velocity on the flame height and length in the ground fire : theoretical analysis and measurement24)野火中垂直火旋風(fēng)的熱釋放速率和燃燒速率heat release rate and burning rate of the vertical fire whirl in the wild fires25)易燃和可燃材料著火溫度的特征分析characteristics analysis of the ignition temperature of the flamma

9、ble and Combustible marterial26)建筑腔室火災(zāi)中的轟燃與回燃動力學(xué)：非線性數(shù)值模擬Dynamic of flashover and backdraft in Building compartment fire：non-linear numerical simulation27)自動火災(zāi)探測與報警系統(tǒng)對人員疏散的作用的統(tǒng)計性分析statistical analysis of the role of automatic fire alarm system in personnel evacuation28)關(guān)于炭化和非炭化材料熱解化學(xué)反應(yīng)動力學(xué)的綜述Overview

10、about the decomposition Chemical reaction dynamics of the charring and non-charring material29) 火的燃燒與其誘導(dǎo)流動之間的相互作用機理3mechanism analysis of the interaction between the fire combustion and induced flow30) 分區(qū)模擬方法在建筑火災(zāi)煙氣運動研究中的應(yīng)用application of zone modeling in the study of the smoke movement of building f

11、ires1、The importance of flashover results from the fact that it is of great danger when a compartment fire occurs. 翻譯成中文，并且用表達因果關(guān)系的兩種不同方式改寫。翻譯成中文，并且用表達因果關(guān)系的兩種不同方式改寫。轟燃的重要性源自其在腔室火發(fā)生時的重大危害。轟燃的重要性源自其在腔室火發(fā)生時的重大危害。Flashover is of importance because it is of great danger when a compartment fire occurs.Fla

12、shover is important due to its great danger in a compartment fire. The fact that the flashover is of great danger when a compartment fire occurs makes it of great importance.2/A good way to conduct the fire risk assessment is to utilize the simulation-based analysis with experimental verification.1)

13、1)翻譯成中文，注意把握專業(yè)英語的翻譯成中文，注意把握專業(yè)英語的 ABCABC 原則。原則。2)用表達用表達“手段手段”的兩種其他方式改寫。的兩種其他方式改寫。火災(zāi)風(fēng)險評估的科學(xué)方法是將模擬分析和實驗驗證結(jié)合起來。火災(zāi)風(fēng)險評估的科學(xué)方法是將模擬分析和實驗驗證結(jié)合起來。Simulation-based analysis and experimental verification should be utilized in the conduction of fire risk assessment.Fire risk assessment should combine the simulatio

14、n-based analysis and experimental verification together.2.（10 分）標(biāo)題（Title）在一篇學(xué)術(shù)論文中起著重要的作用。1)簡述學(xué)術(shù)論文的簡述學(xué)術(shù)論文的 ABCABC 原則。原則。 （2 分）簡述論文標(biāo)題的作用以及好的論文標(biāo)題的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。簡述論文標(biāo)題的作用以及好的論文標(biāo)題的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 （2 分）Accuracy（準(zhǔn)確）,Brevity（簡潔）,Clarity（清晰） 。標(biāo)題的作用：1、概括全文；2、便于檢索索引。 2)冒號分隔的標(biāo)題對讀者往往可以起到一目了然的作用，讓讀者清楚地看到論文的主題（Topic）和面向該主題所論述的重點。請在理解的基礎(chǔ)

15、上把以下標(biāo)題轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊疤柗指羰綐?biāo)題請在理解的基礎(chǔ)上把以下標(biāo)題轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊疤柗指羰綐?biāo)題：a.a. Uses and Limitations of Computer Models in Structural Fire Protection Engineering Applications（3 分）Applications of Computer Models in Structural Fire Protection Engineering: Uses and Limitationsb.b. Experimental Measurements of Upward Flame Spread on a Ve

16、rtical Wall With External Radiation（3 分）Upward Flame Spread on a Vertical Wall With External Radiation: Experimental Measurements3)常見的論文標(biāo)題大致可分為兩類。(a) 用漢語簡述通常的兩類標(biāo)題的基本組成，并指出以下標(biāo)題用漢語簡述通常的兩類標(biāo)題的基本組成，并指出以下標(biāo)題4屬于哪一類；屬于哪一類；（4 分）第一類只交代課題，第二類交代課題和研究方法。 (b) 將以下標(biāo)題翻譯成中文，注意把握專業(yè)英語將以下標(biāo)題翻譯成中文，注意把握專業(yè)英語 ABCABC 原則；原則；（4

17、分）(c) 將以下標(biāo)題改寫為冒號分將以下標(biāo)題改寫為冒號分隔式標(biāo)題隔式標(biāo)題（4 分）c.c. An Apparatus to Measure the Pyrolysis Mass Loss and Ignition Temperature for the Flammability of Solids一種基于固體燃燒性而測量熱解質(zhì)量損失和著火溫度的儀器For the Flammability of Solids: An Apparatus to Measure the Pyrolysis Mass Loss and Ignition Temperatured.d. Numerical Modeli

18、ng of the Interaction between Automatic Sprinkler Sprays and Fire Plumes自動水噴淋和火羽流之間相互作用的數(shù)值模擬Interaction between Automatic Sprinkler Sprays and Fire Plumes：Numerical Modeling 3. （15 分）專業(yè)英語論文的引言部分或科技演講的開頭部分通常會對論文的層次結(jié)構(gòu)（組織方式）作表述，以方便讀者或聽眾理解全文的結(jié)構(gòu)。以下是一篇論文的層次結(jié)構(gòu)提綱。請請基于請基于“避免重復(fù)原則避免重復(fù)原則”用英語寫出一段話，表達如下的層次結(jié)構(gòu)：用英語寫

19、出一段話，表達如下的層次結(jié)構(gòu)：Section1: Background of research in flashover;Section2: Experimental and theoretical analysis method for flashover research;Section3: Comparison of model prediction with experimental results; Section4: Conclusion 4. （10 分）以下句子中涉及到表述研究“手段”的表達方法。A good way to conduct the fire risk asses

20、sment is to utilize the simulation-based analysis with experimental verification.請用表達請用表達“手段手段”的兩種其他方式改寫。的兩種其他方式改寫。 WeWe conductconduct a a firefire riskrisk assessmentassessment withwith thethe helphelp ofof thethe simulation-basedsimulation-based analysisanalysis withwith experimentalexperimental

21、verification.verification.AnAn alternativealternative opproachopproach toto conductconduct thethe firefire riskrisk assessmentassessment isis toto utilizeutilize thethe simulation-basedsimulation-based analysisanalysis withwith experimentalexperimental verification.verification.5. （20 分）科學(xué)論文的 ABSTRA

22、CT 基本上包括以下幾個部分：1)研究工作的背景 Background2)研究目的 Aim 53)研究方法 Method4)研究的結(jié)果 Results5)結(jié)論 Conclusion論文摘要中通常還包括所謂的“主題句主題句” ，即概述論文全文內(nèi)容的句子。下面這篇論文是關(guān)于木材小型點火實驗及理論方程的研究（因考試目的，以下論文材料有刪節(jié)） 。1)1)在理解的基礎(chǔ)上翻譯本文的在理解的基礎(chǔ)上翻譯本文的 TitleTitle 和和 AbstractAbstract，注意把握，注意把握 ABCABC 準(zhǔn)則。準(zhǔn)則。 （1010 分）分）2)2)直接在考卷上指明本文的直接在考卷上指明本文的 AbstractA

23、bstract 中，對應(yīng)以上中，對應(yīng)以上 5 5 個部分的句子（個部分的句子（5 5 分）分）3)3)指出本篇指出本篇 AbstractAbstract 中的主題句，并用中的主題句，并用 2 2 種方式（包括主動和被動語態(tài)）改寫主題句。種方式（包括主動和被動語態(tài)）改寫主題句。 （5 5 分）分） A A NewNew CorrelationCorrelation forfor Bench-scaleBench-scale( (小型小型) ) PilotedPiloted IgnitionIgnition( (引導(dǎo)點火引導(dǎo)點火) ) DataData ofof WoodWood木材小型引導(dǎo)點火數(shù)

24、據(jù)中的一種新相關(guān)性木材小型引導(dǎo)點火數(shù)據(jù)中的一種新相關(guān)性B. Moghtaderia, V. Novozhilova, D. F. Fletcherb and J. H. Kentaa Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australiab Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia ABSTRACTA

25、BSTRACT This paper presents the results of a combined experimental and theoretical study of piloted ignition (引導(dǎo)點火) of cellulosic materials (纖維素質(zhì)材料). The main objective is to present an engineering solution to the piloted ignition problem for wood exposed to radiant heat in a bench-scale (小型) pilote

26、d ignition test. This has been motivated by the need to have simple models of ignition for use in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD, 計算流體力學(xué)) model of fire spread and extinguishment in building fires. The experiments were conducted on oven-dry (絕干) and moisture conditioned samples of three wood spe

27、cies using a cone calorimeter(錐形量熱器). As expected, the experimental data revealed that the effect of moisture content on the piloted ignition process is significant (顯著的). It was also found that the ignition temperature depends on the external heat flux(外部熱通量), which supports other recent studies. B

28、ased on the experimental observations, an approximate analytical equation (近似的解析方程) was derived and then used for correlating (使相互關(guān)聯(lián)) the ignition data, as well as extracting (導(dǎo)出) the piloted ignition properties. The chief distinguishing feature (特征) of the present equation over other similar equati

29、ons is that it takes into account (考慮) the variation of the ignition temperature with external heat flux.這篇論文描述了纖維素質(zhì)材料引導(dǎo)點火的實驗研究和理論分析相結(jié)合的研究結(jié)果。該論文的研究目的是為了給出木材在小型引導(dǎo)點火實驗中的熱輻射條件下的引導(dǎo)點火問題的工程解決方法。在建筑火災(zāi)中的火蔓延和熄滅的 CFD 模擬中很需要這樣的簡單著火模型。在實驗中，采用錐形量熱儀對三種絕干和含水的木材樣品進行測量。實驗數(shù)據(jù)揭示了預(yù)期的實驗結(jié)果：含水量對引導(dǎo)點火的過程影響顯著；同時研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，著火溫度決定于外部

30、熱通量。這個實驗結(jié)果也支持最近的一些研究。根據(jù)實驗觀察的結(jié)果推導(dǎo)出一個近似的解析方程，這個方程可以將點火數(shù)據(jù)相互關(guān)聯(lián)起來，并且可以進一步推導(dǎo)出點火性質(zhì)。這個方程區(qū)別與其他相似的方程的主要特征就在于它考慮導(dǎo)了點火溫度隨外部熱通量的變化。6. （25 分）以下這篇論文發(fā)表在 Fire Safety Journal 上面，是關(guān)于風(fēng)和坡度對火蔓延影響的實驗研6究。請根據(jù)請根據(jù) IntroductionIntroduction 中的上下文意思，用英文總結(jié)性回答（自我組織語言進行英文表述）中的上下文意思，用英文總結(jié)性回答（自我組織語言進行英文表述）: :(a)(a) 論文的背景是什么？（論文的背景是什么？

31、（BackgroundBackground） （5 5 分）分）For about 50 years, predicting the fire behaviour has generated an abundant and miscellaneous literature. (b)(b) 以往的工作的進展如何？存在著什么問題或不足？（以往的工作的進展如何？存在著什么問題或不足？（LiteratureLiterature） （5 5 分）分）(c)(c) 這項研究的動機是什么？（這項研究的動機是什么？（MotivationMotivation） （5 5 分）分）To develop a sim

32、ple model capable of predicting the key features of a fire and a numerical method of resolution for fire behavior simulation. (d)(d) 研究目的是什么？（研究目的是什么？（AimAim） （5 5 分）分）(d)(d) 擬采用什么研究方法擬采用什么研究方法? ?（MethodMethod） （5 5 分）分）Model predictions are compared to laboratory experiments measurements. Different

33、 pine needles beds and different loads are considered in order to validate the formulation. Comparison between predicted and observed rate of spread is presented for several wind and slope configurations. ContributionContribution ofof RadiantRadiant HeatHeat TransferTransfer ( (輻射傳熱輻射傳熱) ) toto Labo

34、ratory-ScaleLaboratory-Scale FireFire SpreadSpread underunder thethe InfluencesInfluences ofof WindWind andand SlopeSlopeINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONFor about 50 years, predicting the fire behaviour has generated an abundant and miscellaneous literature. For recent researches, Cheney et al. 1-2 have ide

35、ntified fire front shape as a significant variable influencing fire spread which must be taken into consideration when using experimental fires to validate models. Linn and Harlow 3-6 have developed a complex fundamental formulation based on the fluid mechanical conservation equation and a simplifie

36、d rate of reaction for modelling the combustion processes. However, until now, fire management tools have been developed from empirical or statistical models only, and many existing physical models cannot be used as prediction tools since they consider the fire front as an infinite straight line. Th

37、us, these models can only give valid outputs for horizontal fire in still air because they are not able to provide the curvature of the up-wind or up-slope fire front shapes. Furthermore, few of them include both wind and slope effects.The aim of the present paper is to develop an accurate numerical

38、 model which is capable of describing the spread of a forest fire in order to help fire fighters facing a fire to make the appropriate decisions. This necessitates a simple model capable of predicting the key features of a fire and a numerical method of resolution for fire behavior simulation. In th

39、e present paper the formulation of the radiant contribution is improved by taking into consideration the long-range preheating via flame radiation. Model predictions are compared to laboratory experiments measurements. Different pine needles beds and different loads are considered in order to valida

40、te the formulation. Comparison between predicted and observed rate of spread is presented for several wind and slope configurations. 7（25 分）科學(xué)論文的 ABSTRACT 基本上包括以下幾個部分：6)研究工作的背景 Background7)研究目的 Aim （通常為主題句）8)研究方法 Method9)研究的結(jié)果 Results10)結(jié)論 Conclusion下面這篇論文是關(guān)于封閉空間火災(zāi)中煙氣層分界面高度的確定方法研究。4)4)在理解的基礎(chǔ)上翻譯本文的在理

41、解的基礎(chǔ)上翻譯本文的 TitleTitle 和和 AbstractAbstract，注意把握，注意把握 ABCABC 準(zhǔn)則。準(zhǔn)則。 （1010 分）分）5)5)直接在考卷上指明本文的直接在考卷上指明本文的 AbstractAbstract 中，對應(yīng)以上中，對應(yīng)以上 5 5 個部分的句子（個部分的句子（5 5 分）分）6)6)指出本篇指出本篇 AbstractAbstract 中的主題句，并用中的主題句，并用 2 2 種方式（包括主動和被動語態(tài)）改寫主題句。種方式（包括主動和被動語態(tài)）改寫主題句。 （6 6 分）分）Two methods are proposed in this paper f

42、or determining the smoke layer interface height from parameter profiles（輪廓）measured in enclosure fires.a) The paper proposed two methods for determining the smoke layer interface height from parameter profiles measured in enclosure fires.b) The smoke layer interface height can be determinded from pa

43、rameter profiles（輪廓）measured in enclosure fires by two methods proposed in this paper.7)7)用用 2 2 種方式改寫如下劃線所示的結(jié)尾句（參見課題筆記）種方式改寫如下劃線所示的結(jié)尾句（參見課題筆記） （4 4 分）分）Good agreement exists between the interface height predicted by the proposed method and experiment results, showing that the method can be reliably

44、 utilized in practice.a) The interface height predicted by the proposed method agreed well with the experiment results, showing that the method can be reliably utilized in practice.b) The good agreement between the interface height predicted by the proposed method and experiment results showed that

45、the method can be reliably utilized in practice.DeterminationDetermination ofof InterfaceInterface HeightHeight fromfrom MeasuredMeasured ParameterParameter ProfileProfile inin EnclosureEnclosure FiresFires從封閉空間火災(zāi)中的輪廓測量確定煙氣層分界面高度Yaping He, Anthony Fernando and Mingchun LuoCentre for Environment Safe

46、ty Engineering, Victoria University of Technology, AustraliaAccurate determination of smoke layer interface height plays an important role in the development of advanced smoke controll technology for enclosure fire（封閉空間火災(zāi)）. Two methods are proposed in this paper for determining the smoke layer inter

47、face height from parameter profiles（輪廓）measured in enclosure fires. The schemes（方案）are based on mathematical considerations of uniformity and optimization, and involve no subjectivity or empiricism. The dependence of the zone average of the measured quantities on the interface height is discussed. T

48、he application of these two methods to a set of experimental data revealed that the two methods gave close results of the interface height but different to that determined with the N-percentage rule（N 百分比準(zhǔn)則）. GoodGood agreementagreement existsexists betweenbetween thethe interfaceinterface heighthei

49、ght predictedpredicted byby thethe proposedproposed methodmethod andand experimentexperiment results,results, showingshowing thatthat thethe methodmethod cancan bebe reliablyreliably utilizedutilized inin practice.practice. 結(jié)尾句結(jié)尾句 準(zhǔn)確確定煙氣層分界面高度在封閉空間火災(zāi)煙氣控制技術(shù)發(fā)展中具有重要重要作用。這篇論文提出了8兩種基于封閉空間中參數(shù)輪廓測量來確定煙氣層分界面

50、高度的方法。實驗方案根據(jù)一致性和優(yōu)化性進行數(shù)學(xué)處理，并且不涉及主觀性和經(jīng)驗主義。文章中討論了測定量的區(qū)域平均對界面高度的依賴性。應(yīng)用這兩種方法對一系列的實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行處理的結(jié)果揭示了兩種方法給出了相似的界面高度結(jié)果，但是不同與用 N 百分比準(zhǔn)則處理的結(jié)果。 用文章中所提出的處理方法得出的界面高度的結(jié)果與實驗結(jié)果的之間的一致性說明了這種方法在實際應(yīng)用中的可靠性。5.（25 分）以下這篇論文發(fā)表在 Fire Safety Journal 上面，是關(guān)于轟燃的發(fā)展理論研究。1)1)在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，提取在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，提取 3 3 個個 KeywordsKeywords。 （1010 分）分）flasho

51、ver, formulae, model, hot smoke layer2)2)根據(jù)根據(jù) IntroductionIntroduction 中的上下文意思，用英文總結(jié)性回答（鼓勵自我組織語言進行英文表述）中的上下文意思，用英文總結(jié)性回答（鼓勵自我組織語言進行英文表述）: :(a)(a) 論文的背景是什么？（論文的背景是什么？（BackgroundBackground） （3 3 分）分）(b)(b) 以往的工作存在著什么問題或不足？（以往的工作存在著什么問題或不足？（LiteratureLiterature） （3 3 分）分）(c)(c) 這項研究的動機是什么？（這項研究的動機是什么？（M

52、otivationMotivation） （3 3 分）分）There is still the need for a more detailed consideration of flashover phenomena, including formulation of critical conditions for flashover in a more general form and investigation of its temporal characteristics（時態(tài)特征）. The other important issue is how to place the qua

53、sistationary（類似的）approach accepted for flashover study 3,4 in the context of the full fire scenario. (d)(d) 研究目的是什么？（研究目的是什么？（AimAim） （3 3 分）分）developing a theoretical method of characterizing flashover on the basis of a two-zone model and classical thermal explosion theory.(e)(e) 擬采用什么研究方法擬采用什么研究方法

54、? ?（MethodMethod） （3 3 分）分） OnOn thethe TheoryTheory ofof FlashoverFlashover DevelopmentDevelopment轟燃發(fā)展的理論轟燃發(fā)展的理論T. L. Graham, G. M. Makhviladze and J. P. RobertsCentre for Research in Fire and Explosion Studies, Department of Built Environment, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UKA

55、BSTRACTABSTRACT The importance of flashover results from the fact that it is of great danger when a compartment fire occurs. In this paper, the characteristics of hot smoke layer development from ignition to flashover are obtained for a fire in a compartment with one opening. Flashover itself as a f

56、inal stage of development is analysed using heat balance considerations for the developed hot layer (in direct contact with the external atmosphere through the opening) on the basis of a two-zone model and classical thermal explosion theory. Flashover is reasonably assumed to take place during the e

57、arly development of the fire when the density and temperature of the lower zone may be taken to be close to their initial values. Critical conditions for flashover to occur are found in a general form in terms of （根據(jù)）the determining similarity criteria. The adiabatic（絕熱的）flashover induction period （

58、誘導(dǎo)期）in the absence of （沒有）heat losses, which is a useful qualitative and quantitative characteristic, is given. Calculation of the flashover 9induction time allows for an evaluation of the total time for fire growth from ignition to flashover. The results obtained give simple but general enough form

59、ulae for representation of the flashover phenomenon.轟燃的重要性是由于在腔室火災(zāi)發(fā)生時它的巨大的危險性。這篇論文描述了一端開口的腔室中的火災(zāi)從著火到轟燃發(fā)生過程中熱煙氣層的發(fā)展特征。用熱平衡理論對轟燃自身作為一個火災(zāi)發(fā)展的最終階段進行了分析。這種熱平衡理論基于兩區(qū)域模型和經(jīng)典的熱爆炸理論。在火災(zāi)的早期發(fā)展階段，當(dāng)較低區(qū)域的密度和溫度接近于其起初值時，轟然就可能會發(fā)生。轟燃發(fā)生的臨界條件被發(fā)現(xiàn)是根據(jù)所決定的相似性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而定的一種常見的形式。給出了沒有熱損失條件下的絕熱的轟燃誘導(dǎo)期，這種條件是一個有用的定性和定量的特征。轟燃誘導(dǎo)時間的計算涉及到火災(zāi)

60、從著火到轟燃的發(fā)展時間。所獲得的結(jié)果給出了簡單但是普遍的公式來描述轟燃現(xiàn)象。INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONTypical fire development in an enclosure is characterised by a temperature history such as that sketched in Fig. 1. The commonly accepted names for the different parts of the temperature-time curve are also given. Following ignition, ther