1、2016高考英語 短文改錯專題講練 各省歷年高考考點平均出現(xiàn)次數(shù)考點各省歷年高考考點平均出現(xiàn)次數(shù)命題趨勢2014201320122011動詞3432 短文改錯文章以記敘文為主，考察詞類覆蓋面廣，涉及名詞、動詞、冠詞、代詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞等的基本用法 在短文改錯中占相當大比例的是動詞的形式變化，包括一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、及被動語態(tài)等 其他如名詞的單復數(shù)變化、主謂一致、詞與詞之間的搭配等方面的錯誤也會出現(xiàn)。 錯誤比例分布 多詞 ：缺詞 ：錯詞普遍 1 ： 1 ： 8偶爾 2 ： 1 ： 7偶爾 1 ： 2 ： 7啟示：.核對錯項時，若的確有一時難以改出的地方，可以

2、參考所改動項是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多一詞1個，缺詞1個，錯詞8個。核對改正的語法項目是否有重復。因為短文改錯往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會出現(xiàn)重復考查某個語法點的現(xiàn)象。名詞1111連詞2111形容詞1102副詞0110代詞1111冠詞1101介詞1021全國課標卷I近四年考點范圍2015201420132012動詞1. Think-thought2. Must found-find3.Since then,we had (been doing)-have1. Used to doing-do2. Passed-passed1. When things did wrong-did 改為we

3、nt2. When I tear apart my改為tore形容詞/副詞1. A seriously problem-serious2. Much rare animals-many1. Grow wanderfully tomatoes2. (the fruits are juicy and taste-tastyRemember sb very muc-much改為well/clearlyLittle aggressive-less連詞Or-andAlthoug-but把but去掉或改為yet1. 兩句間加and2. During-when See which was happennin

4、g-改為what名詞Airs-airThese year-yearsshouldersToy-toys代詞Your-our/theThere are so much-many Himself-himFor a while parent-在parent后面加上myIt-them 冠詞In countyside(加the)As result(加a)In a fact(去掉a)介詞On the development of (改為with)With the help by(by改為of)Fromtoward-to1. No more toys to you 改為for2. Make my toys

5、to last去掉to上下文邏輯關系(the plants are growing) somewhere-everywhereNever-ever短文改錯的常見錯誤類型 1. 動詞錯誤類型：時態(tài)、語態(tài) （歷年考試的重點和熱點）時態(tài)錯用（和主體時態(tài)矛盾） and 前后動詞時態(tài)不一致; 主謂不一致 缺少動詞,特別是be動詞; 第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。固定搭配錯誤 1）歷年都有時態(tài)錯誤的小題，而且改動基本集中在一般過去時與一般現(xiàn)在時之間。時態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時態(tài)為依據(jù)，以明顯的時間狀語為依據(jù)。eg. I was only four when she passes away

6、. (根據(jù)I was only four)注意：主從復合句中，如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以根據(jù)需要用各種時態(tài)；如果主句是一般過去時，從句需要用相應的過去時態(tài)。舉例說明：I think that he is a good man/that he did not finish his work yesterday.He said that he had visited the park.2) and/but前后都有謂語動詞稱為并列謂語，以短文主體時態(tài)為準，一定注意兩個動詞時態(tài)是否一致。eg. She liked it very much and reads it to the class. Al

7、l said the story was. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to3.1)主謂不一致一般都是考簡單句：主謂賓/主系表，所以注意主語和謂語實義動詞/be動詞是否一致就變得不難了。eg. One evening she told me that something happened when her pa

8、rents was out. 3.2) 主語后有with,together with,along with, as well as, like, but, except, rather than, besides, including 等短語時，謂語動詞和主語一致。（A together with B 作主語，謂語動詞依A來定）Nobody except my parents knows anything about it.3.3）or, neithernor., eitheror, not onlybut also連接并列主語遵循就近原則。He or his brothers was to

9、blame for the broken window.3.4)one of +復數(shù)名詞后的定語從句謂語動詞用復數(shù)，但the (only/very/right) one of +復數(shù)名詞后的定語從句，謂語動詞需用單數(shù)。Eg. James is the only one of my friends who are lazy.3.5) no, many a, more than on+單數(shù)名詞表示復數(shù)意思，但因中心詞是單數(shù)，謂語仍用單數(shù)。Eg. More than one student have been to Bazhong.3.6）有些名詞只有復數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Clothe

10、s, glasses眼鏡，shoes，chopsticks筷子，scissors剪刀, trousers, jeans, stocks. Eg. This pair of trousers belong to my sister. Mine are being washed.主謂一致(語法一致原則/就近一致原則/意義一致原則)更多參見一輪復習書P160-161.4)簡單句句子結構：主系表/主謂賓，注意完整性。She is a student. I like music.eg. There will an important game next month. 5) 第三人稱單數(shù)名詞代詞作主語，謂

11、語動詞要用單數(shù)，be動詞was，is；實義動詞加s （一般情況加s如takes，reads；輔音字母+y結尾的變y為i+es如：try-tries，reply-replies;以/s/,/,/t/音素結尾和o結尾的動詞+es如：do-does，watch-watches，guess-guesses）have-has是特殊。若非第三人稱單數(shù)作主語，謂語動詞不能亂用單數(shù)。eg. My dream school look like a big garden. 6) 被動語態(tài)的結構：be done/be being done/have/has been done.但不及物動詞（短語）無被動：come

12、out, run out, belong to, date back to, come up(被提出)，happen，occur(發(fā)生)，consist of, appear, die, lie, rise,.eg. This book was belonged to me. 7）動詞短語考搭配，一般都是一些基礎的常用短語，需要大家熟記分清。Eg. My sister is going to graduate college soon and find a job. 2. 名詞單復數(shù)和名詞所有格錯誤類型可數(shù)名詞：單復數(shù)錯用 （高頻考點） 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞混用名詞所有格中“s”的誤置 無生命

13、所有格of漏用/誤用1.1）單復數(shù)錯用改動依據(jù)一：名詞前的修飾限定成份（單數(shù)名詞前常有a/an; 復數(shù)名詞前有many，several, a few等；不可數(shù)名詞沒復數(shù)，其前常有much，little 等 ）；改動依據(jù)二：上下文的邏輯關系，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)（be動詞is,was 配單數(shù)名詞；be動詞are，were 配復數(shù)名詞；實義動詞原形配復數(shù)名詞；實義動詞第三人稱單數(shù)配單數(shù)名詞）1.2）名詞復數(shù)規(guī)則要記清：（詳見一輪復習書P14） (1) There are advantage for students to work. (2) That was a dinner we had waite

14、d for several month. (3) a few minute on the Internet. (4) But one and a half year later. (one and a half意思為一個半)2）不可數(shù)名詞無復數(shù)，不能直接用冠詞或數(shù)詞修飾，常見的要記清：clothing服裝（總稱，information, advice, news, weather, equipment, traffic, trouble, furniture, fun, paper紙, sugar，work（工作）luggage行李. 既是可數(shù)名詞又是不可數(shù)名詞的。詞性取決于語境。 名詞作“不

15、可數(shù)”時復數(shù)形式名詞作“不可數(shù)”時復數(shù)形式coffee咖啡幾杯咖啡custom習慣；習俗海關silk絲綢各種絲綢force力氣；力量軍隊hair頭發(fā)幾根頭發(fā)glass杯子；玻璃眼鏡time時間次數(shù)；倍數(shù)；時代sand沙子沙灘；沙漠food食物各種食物work工作作品；工廠fruit水果若干種水果chicken雞肉雞wood樹木樹林manner舉止，態(tài)度禮貌iron鐵熨斗arm手臂武器paper紙試卷；論文；報紙word消息字；詞；話 Eg. We have called several time about Hippys early morning barking.Their word wer

16、e a great encouragement to me.3.1) 表示“的”通常在名詞詞尾直接加-s;以s結尾的復數(shù)名詞直接加“ ”即可如：friends, friendsbut she marked strictly on students actual performance. 3.2)注意一些習慣用法：表示店鋪，某人的家，診所等; at the barbers/dentists, at my aunts 等 表示時間，距離，集體，城市，團體，機構的，yesterdays newspaper, five minutes walk 走路五分鐘的路程Eg. I forgot my favo

17、rite book at my friend this weekend.4）無生命所有格，“of+名詞”如：a picture of my family 一張我家的全家福Eg. Without the help by his parents, he bravely got out of the financial problem. 3. 形容詞、副詞錯誤類型系動詞后誤放副詞 誤用副詞修飾名詞;誤用形容詞修飾動詞、形容詞 誤用形容詞作評注性狀語誤用副詞修飾主語表狀態(tài) v-ing 和v-ed形容詞混用誤用形容詞或副詞的原級、比較級和最高級 近義詞誤用誤用帶-ly的副詞與不帶-ly的副詞最后，注意根

18、據(jù)上下文該用比較級而未用的“暗中比較”特別指正：1) 系動詞后常用形容詞（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動詞 smell /feel）The memory stayed fresh. The food tastes good.2)修飾名詞用形容詞 serious problem；3）修飾動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個句子用副詞：She sings well; I firmly believe you can succeed；I had an extremely special birthday. She was particularly intereste

19、d in English. 4) 副詞 (un)fortunately, surprisingly, luckily 等放句首作評注性狀語修飾整個句子。改錯題熱門考點eg. Unfortunately, I failed to go the party. 不幸的是，我沒能去參加聚會。5）形容詞可以作狀語修飾句子主語。eg. Tired but happy, we won the game.6）Ving的adj常修飾物，“令人的”，ved的adj常修飾人，“感到.”She was surprised at the latest surprising news. She had a very su

20、rprised book on her face.7.1) much 可以修飾形副詞的比較級，many不可以。eg. The Internet plays a much more / more important role in our life.7.2) the+比較級，the+比較級 “越越”常成為考點，注意前后一致，都要用比較級。eg. The more progress we have made, the easier the life is. 7.3) adj/adv比較級+than “比更”注意than前要用比較級。He is better at English than me.

21、8)注意一些近義詞的區(qū)別：lonely, alone; farther, further; alive, live, lively; likely, possible, probable, likely.9) 注意一些形容詞可以做副詞， 而+ly也為副詞，但意義不同。尤其注意late， lately；close，closely；high，highly; hard, hardly; most, mostly; like, likely 的區(qū)別。（可參閱一輪復習書P77）Tips: 形容詞變副詞規(guī)則要記牢：一般詞尾+ly, fortunate, interesting,helpful,，以le結尾

22、去e+ly, gentle,possible, ；以輔音字母加y結尾變y為i+ly, happy, heavy,angry.強化練習：1. They came back lately and had some tea. 2. you always gave me specially attention. 3. . they fly down immediate and catch them without delay. 4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from . 5. I know

23、you are particular interested in Human Rights. 4. 非謂語錯誤類型（動名詞、不定式、ving分詞、ved分詞）不定式符號to的添、刪 謂語和非謂語混用ving分詞/ved分詞作狀語混用 忽視動名詞doing作主語、賓語 and 連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致（尤其距離較遠時） 1.1）接不定式作賓補省略to的有“11個半”（半個幫助help，一個感覺feel，兩個聽 listen to, hear,三個使役動詞make，let，have，五個看see, watch, look at, observe, notice）注意：在被動句中to不能省略。

24、eg1. They were made do the job from morning till night.eg2. to help each other and to make their friendship to last long.1.2) 情態(tài)動詞后及短語動詞had better, would better, cant (help) but,do nothing but,cant choose but, prefer to do rather than等后的不定式要省略to。 Eg. Id rather stay at home than to go to see a film w

25、ith Jane.2) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.3)過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語時，有特征：動詞短語放句首/中/尾，有逗號隔開。現(xiàn)在分詞與主語存在邏輯上的主謂（主動）關系，表示主動和進行；過去分詞與主語存在邏輯上的動賓（被動）關系，表示被動或完成。One night, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. (一個主語，兩個動詞且有逗號隔開，無連接詞but/and/or 判定有一個動詞需用ving/ved分詞作狀語)4）動名詞

26、作主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)；動名詞放在特定動詞后作賓語：suggest doing sth.Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit5. 人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞的錯誤類型 女性代詞指代男性或相反； （she,he 反用; him, her 反用；物主代詞his,her 反用） “你（們的）”、“我（們的）、他（們的)”混用； （尤其our，your，their混用） 單數(shù)指代復數(shù)或相反； eg. It-the

27、m） 代詞詞性誤用；物主代詞-名詞性物主代詞，賓格-反身代詞缺少人稱代詞不定代詞混用something/anything;some,any;both,all;neither,either,none;other,another改正方法：看到代詞尋找指代對象，聯(lián)系上下文推敲邏輯關系核實是否一致不定代詞需關注：another三者及以上中的另一個，one.anotherthe other 兩者中另一個onethe otherother+復數(shù)名詞；some.others.一些.另一些都任何都不 兩者botheitherneither三者或以上allanynonesomething常用于肯定句，否定句常用

28、anything.強化訓練：1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.2. I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei.3. It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.4. Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in s

29、imple English.5. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.6. 介詞的錯誤類型 固定搭配錯誤 習慣用法錯誤考察方向：多用、漏用、誤用 特別指正：1） 時間名詞前有特定詞如this, that, last, next, there, one, every, yesterday, today，不再用介詞on, at, in 等。eg. I visited Beijing with my parents on last month.2） 及物動詞后不用介詞；動詞不定式作后置定語修飾名詞時，與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系

30、，如果不定式是不及物動詞，其后需加介詞。eg. He found no room to live in. 3）the moment, the minute, every time 等名詞短語充當連詞引導時間狀語從句“一就”其前不用介詞4) 熟記和介詞搭配的短語，(常見短語，易混短語)常見短語如：belong to， look forward to， take care of， listen to， laugh at，make fun of，make use of，take advantage of，play tricks on, pay attention to, get rid of易混短語

31、如：pick up -pick out，come up-come up with, give in-give up . Tips：固定搭配要記牢，介詞后邊跟賓語，結合語境細推敲.牢固掌握介詞的基本用法更易得分，當然介詞常和動詞搭配考，所以看到動詞短語，一看搭配介詞是否正確是否符合句意，二看是否少介詞，三看是否和易混短語弄錯；強化練習1. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves . 2. .he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes. 3

32、. Could you share your experience for us? 4. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care.5. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 7. 冠詞的錯誤（ a/ an/ the） 英語中冠詞只有三個，從高考英語改錯題的角度來看，只能從以下四個方向出題：不定冠詞a和an互改；（易得分）不定冠詞a / an和定冠詞the互改；（高頻）根據(jù)需要增加冠詞根據(jù)需

33、要刪除冠詞高頻考點特別指正：（冠詞其他用法詳見一輪復習書P45-46）1）冠詞的固定搭配用法要留心 eg. as a result, have a cold, in the morning, out of control2）首次提到某物，單數(shù)名詞前要用不定冠詞a/ an. eg. He bought a car and it cost much.3) 定冠詞the表特指可用在所有名詞前，上文提到過的人/物，或雙方都知道的人或物；I started writing down words from the books that I read. (the 表定指時，名詞前后常有修飾限定的成分)4）a

34、dj最高級，序數(shù)詞, same, only, very(正是那個)前需用the. He is the second to reach the finishing line. He is the very man that the director is looking for. 5）在天體、方位、方向、樂器名詞前用定冠詞the，如：the earth, the east, the piano6) 用于hit/pat/ sb +介詞+the+身體部位，如 hit sb on the head/back7)不可數(shù)名詞前一般不用冠詞，如It is great fun to have a trip t

35、o Europe.；抽象名詞具體化變成可數(shù)名詞時可用冠詞。He is a success.8）復數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞，表泛指; People like to read books. Money is not everthing.9) 表季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日, 三餐，學科，語言，球類，棋牌名詞前不用冠詞，如：spring, November, Monday, Childrens Day，have lunch, maths, Chinese, play basketball.10) by后接交通工具或通訊工具名詞，不用冠詞，如by air/sea/car/ phone11) go to

36、 +n 表示“去做與名詞相關的事”，名詞前不用冠詞，如：go to school/ college/ church/ prison/hospital/ court/ bed/ town.12）by和計量單位之間要有定冠詞。如：He was paid by the hour. 他的工資是按小時計算的。a 與 an的使用區(qū)別：l a：用在以輔音開始的單數(shù)名詞前l(fā) an用于以元音開始的單數(shù)名詞前。l 注意：指的是單詞開頭的第一個音素，而不是單詞開頭的字母。1. U是元音字母，但在單詞university、universe、used、useful等單詞中，第一個音素是j，這是個輔音，所以冠詞應用a而不

37、要用an。如：It is a European country.It is a useful dictionary.I bought a used car.但umbrella這個單詞中，U發(fā)的是/Q/，這是個元音，所以前面要用an,如：I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.2. There is a “n” in the word.是錯句，應為：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個音素是元音，所以前面要用an.3. hour因其第一個字母h不發(fā)音，所以應該用an hour。如：I need an

38、 hour to finish the work.所以應用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an English/American teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy強化訓練1. . the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with himself.2. And if he breaks the law of society ., he may go to the prison.3. . so we will hav

39、e plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.4. As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 5. We may be one family and live under a same roof, but-8. 連詞、復合句的引導詞 第一，看到連詞就要判斷連詞是否正確，是否符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關系。1）and并列，but轉折，or或者，so所以?；煜?；2）however轉折，therefore

40、因此，besides而且都和逗號在一起?；煜?；3）看到not onlybut （also） eitheror, neither nor等是否殘缺、混用；4）though不與but連用，because不與so連用等第二，看到從句，請注意：句子結構是否完整，成份是否冗缺；從句的關系詞或引導詞是否得當1） 名詞性從句注意that和what混用；2） 定語從句，注意非限定性定語從句不用that；先行詞為地點、時間、原因名詞，考慮是否用where/when/why替換which第三，出現(xiàn)在句首的連詞，修改時注意首字母要大寫 1. It started to rise higher again. So i

41、t was still too close to the water. 2. I became very active but made new friends. 3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite. 5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again. 9. 特殊句型 There be 和have表示“有”混用祈使句（動詞原形do開頭）+and/or+陳述句感嘆句how和what 混用（How+adj+主+謂！What +(a/an

42、+adj)+n.+主+謂?。娬{(diào)句和定語從句、狀語從句的混用（It bethat） 解題技巧總結1、利用排除法進行短文改錯，所謂“排除法”就是在理解單句或短文大意基本把握住文章整體時態(tài)的前提下，行不離句，句不離文，將句子分成若干語段，逐一排除，使錯誤縮小到最小范圍。再根據(jù)基礎知識進行擴散性思考，從而快速找到答案。2、發(fā)現(xiàn)有平行結構，就要檢查是否有用詞不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡錯誤。如：She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived .此句中并列的平行結構是兩個語法上相同的謂語,故應把

43、drank改drinking.3、發(fā)現(xiàn)有比較結構，就要檢查是否有形容詞、副詞的比較級，比較的對象等方面的錯誤。如：In some places you can borrow many books as you want ,根據(jù)上下文不難發(fā)現(xiàn)該句含“asas”結構的句子，所以應在many前加上as。4、發(fā)現(xiàn)有轉折、因果、對比等結構時，就要檢查是否有行文邏輯方面的錯誤。如：His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world .按行文邏輯，應把buys 改sells.又如：I like singing ,my brothe

44、r likes dancing .英語中兩個分句之間不能僅僅用逗號，而要用合適的連詞連接。故以上兩個分句之間要加上連詞while 表示對比。5、發(fā)現(xiàn)句子有多重結構，就要檢查是否有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、連詞或成分短缺等錯誤。如:He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there .該句犯了連詞重復使用的錯誤，應去掉immediately.6、發(fā)現(xiàn)有特殊疑問句結構，就要檢查是否有疑問詞使用不當?shù)腻e誤。如：-How many was the price of your car ?-I bought the car at cheap price ,only S2

45、,000.英語中問價格時，可用what price 或how much 提問?；卮饡r常用high price low price .所以應把句子中的How many 改為What ,把答句中cheap 改為low.7、發(fā)現(xiàn)有名詞和代詞時，就要檢查是否有數(shù)、所有格或指代不一致的錯誤。如：Some people read the books or watch TV, while others have sports .去掉books前的the ,books在此表示泛指。8、發(fā)現(xiàn)有固定短語時，就要檢查副詞、介詞、冠詞是否使用錯誤。如：Suddenly I caught a sight of my E

46、nglish teacher in the crowd .caught sight of (看見)是固定詞組，所以要去掉a.9、發(fā)現(xiàn)并列主語、從句、不定代詞、集合名詞、非謂語動詞、時間、金錢等作主語，together with, as well as 等引導的成份修飾主語時，就要檢查是否有主謂不一致的錯誤。如：Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit .but also 后面的分句的主語也是playing footba

47、ll,其謂語動詞應當用單數(shù)，故give應改為gives .10、發(fā)現(xiàn)有特殊動詞結構時，就要檢查其特殊用法是否正確。如：He made me to post a letter for him .英語中的感官動詞see; look at ;watch ; notice; observe ; hear; listen to 等，使役動詞let ;make ; have 等后面所跟的復合賓語中，如果由不定式的短語作賓語補足語，不定式須省去to.故應去掉句中的to.11、發(fā)現(xiàn)有非謂語動詞作狀語、表語或定語時，就要檢查是否有非謂語動詞和邏輯主語不一致的錯誤。如；The box is too heavy f

48、or the little boy to carry it .該句型中不定式to carry 邏輯上的賓語就是句子中的主語，所以句中的it是多余，應去掉。短文改錯口訣動詞形，名詞數(shù)，還要注意形和副；非謂語，細辨別，習慣用法要記??；句子成分多分析，邏輯錯誤須關注；代詞介詞莫放過，冠詞連詞常光顧?？谠E詳解： 一、動詞形：主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。動詞形常見錯誤：1） 一般過去時與一般 現(xiàn)在時錯用。2）第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用。 第三人稱單數(shù)：Is/was2） and，but,or,also 前后動詞時態(tài)不一致。(具有對稱性） 4） 主謂不一致5） 缺少謂語動詞 1

49、.主謂賓結構缺少be動詞2、主系表結構（am/is/are/was/were） 6） 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)錯用 wash-is washed7）短語搭配運用錯誤 二、名詞數(shù)：指名詞單、復數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。改正方法：）根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份）根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系三、還要注意形和副：注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯題的?？键c。命題特點及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。根據(jù)adj或adv的基本用法確定錯誤；修飾系動詞(am/is/are/was/were)或名詞用形容詞；修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個句子用副

50、詞。四、非謂語，細辨別：這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，動名詞和不定式錯誤。1）不定式to do2）動名詞doing作主語、賓語3）and 連接的不定式或動名詞前后一致（尤其距離較遠時） 4）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別等五、習慣用法要記?。褐饕疾榱晳T搭配方面的基礎知識:冠詞構成的短語，動詞和副詞/介詞短語，名詞和介詞構成的短語，其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。六、句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。只有對句子結構和成分作細致的分析，才能找出用詞不當?shù)腻e誤。七、邏輯錯誤須關注：與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯

51、性錯誤，如稱謂上的張冠李戴。八、冠詞連詞常光顧：?？嫉腻e誤形式有：連詞but， and， or和so的用法錯誤，以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。（1）Dear Jeremy and Alice,Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dogCleo.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking. It is difficult t

52、o understanding why she barks every minute shes outside. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5 oclock. That is too much for us. Considering h

53、ow closely the houses are. We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.(2) My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and ar

54、rows for hunting. One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured. That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive l