module2friendship unit3languageinuse shetoldme sheiscooking isaytojim we llgosurfing missgaosaid shelikesoranges mrsmithtoldhiswife iboughtadressforyou doyouknow whenwillthemeetingbegin iknew howdoesdavidgotoschool canyoutellme wheredidyoubuythebook jim sauntaskedhim howoftendoyoucleanyourbedroom iwanttoknow areyoufromamerica shetoldme that shewascooking isaytojim that we llgosurfing missgaosaid that shelikedoranges mrsmithtoldhiswife that heboughtadressforher doyouknowwhenthemeetingwillbegin iknewhowdavidwenttoschool canyoutellmewhereyouboughtthebook jim sauntaskedhimhowoftenhecleanedhisbedroom iwanttoknowif whetheryouarefromamerica if whetherclauseasobjects 1 從句是一般疑問句的賓語(yǔ)從句 2 從句的引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether 不能省略 3 從句的句式要由疑問句的句式改為陳述句的句式 4 時(shí)態(tài) 標(biāo)點(diǎn)應(yīng)隨著主句的變化而變化 model 1 hassallymaxwellarrived doyouknow doyouknowifsallymaxwellhasarrived 2 doyoumisstheuk oryourrelations caniask caniaskifyoumisstheuk oryourrelations 主句 從句 引導(dǎo)詞 陳述語(yǔ)序 canyouborrowyourpentome whatdidtedaskjane heaskedjaneif whethershecouldborrowherpentohim haveyougotanyfish whatdoesthebabycatask heasksifhisfatherhasgotanyfish amicool whatdoesthebabyask heasksif whetherheiscool canyouholdmeup whatdidthegirlwanttoknow thegirlwantedtoknowifthemancouldholdherup doyouloveme whatdidthegirlasktheyoungman sheaskedtheyoungmanif whetherhelovedher canifly whatdoesthebabywonder hewondersif whetherhecanfly willyoutakemetothesky whatdoesthegirlaskthespiderman sheasksthespidermanif whetherhewilltakehertothesky doyouknow doesmarrylikeapples iwanttoknow washeathomeyesterday canyoutellme havetheyfinishedthework ididn tknow areyoutom heknew doesthegirlcomeherebybus mr smithaskedmissgao doyouworkinaschool thefarmeraskedhisson canyougrowfruit 8 theteacherasked doestheearthturnaroundthesun doyouknowif whethermarylikesapples iwanttoknowif whetherhewasathomeyesterday canyoutellmeif whethertheyhavefinishedthework ididn tknowif whetheryouweretom heknewif whetherthegirlcameherebybus mr smithaskedmissgaoif whethersheworkedinaschool thefarmeraskedhissonif whetherhecouldgrowfruit theteacheraskedif whethertheearthturnsaroundthesun 賓語(yǔ)從句三要素 語(yǔ)序 時(shí)態(tài) 引導(dǎo)詞 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序1 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述語(yǔ)序 即 連接詞 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 其它成分 而不是疑問句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) canyoutellmewherewillwego canyoutellmewherewewillgo 2 陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí) 要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化 語(yǔ)序不變 eg shesaid iwillleaveamessageonthedesk shesaidshewouldleaveamessageonthedesk 3 一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí) 也要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化 后面接陳述語(yǔ)序 eg wherearethetickets iaskedhim iaskedhimwherethetickets 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 常常受到主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的制約 此為時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 1 如果主句謂語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí) 從句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不受限制 2 如果主句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí) 從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài) 一般過去時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去將來(lái)時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) eg ithought that youarefreetoday ithought that youwouldbefreetoday 3 注意 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句敘述的是客觀真理時(shí) 不管主句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)如何 從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) eg theteachertoldus that theearthmovesaroundthesun 賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞1 連詞that 只起連接作用 在從句中不作句子成分 也無(wú)詞匯意義 在口語(yǔ)中常被省略 eg heknew that heshouldworkhard 2 連詞if whether 它們起連接作用 在從句中不作句子成分 作 是否 解 在口語(yǔ)中多用if eg tomdon tknowif whetherhisgrandpalikedthepresent heaskedmewhetherornotiwascoming 一般情況下 if和whether可以互換 但以下3種情況只能用whether 在不定式前 whethertogothereornothasn tbeendecided 在介詞前 itdependson 依靠 whetheritisgoingtorain 與ornot連用 theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot 3 連接代詞who whom whose what which 連接副詞when where why how 它們起連接作用 作句子成分 各有自己的意義 eg theteacheraskedthenewstudentswhichclasshewasin iwonderwherehegotsomuchmoney 注意 1 標(biāo)點(diǎn)由主句決定 如主句是陳述句 祈使句 則用句號(hào) 是疑問句則用問號(hào) eg iheardshehadbeentothegreatwall canyoutellmewhichbusishouldtake 2 要注意個(gè)別句子中主從句人稱的一致 mr smiththought doesmrs smithgetback mr smiththought mrs smith missgreensays ilikesinging missgreensays singing doyouwanttoknow whydidn tiseethefilm doyouwanttoknow seethefilm nobodyknew whoisknockingatthedoor nobodyknew knockingatthedoor wecouldsee therearemanyanimalsinthezoo wecouldsee manyanimalsinthezoo theboyaskedhismother doyoulikeme theboyaskedhismother thegirlasked isthemoonfarawayfromtheearth thegirlasked themoon farawayfromtheearth unclewangtoldhisdaughter iboughtacomputerforyou unclewangtoldhisdaughter acomputerfor ifgotback thatshelikes whyididn t whowas therewere whethershelikedhim ifis hebought her activity2 choosethecorrectwordstocompletethesentences pleasetellmeif whyyouwanttocometomyparty i dlovetocome thanks 2 idon tknowhow whyhedidit i llshowyou 3 i mnotsurewhen whethertonywillcomeornot no heisn t 4 iwanttoknowhowlong oldheis heistenyearsold 5 doyouknowif wheretheorchestrawillplay yes intheconcerthallintown 6 canyoutellmethat whosingsthissong yes it srobbiewilliams 7 caniaskyouif whyyoulikelivinghere becau