2025年考研英語（一）完形填空全真模擬試題考前必做考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______directions:readthefollowingtextcarefullyandchoosethebestword(orphrase)foreachblank.markthecorrespondingletteronanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.thehumanbrainisanextraordinarilycomplexorgan,capableofremarkablefeatsofmemoryandthought.yet,despitedecadesofresearch,scientistshaveonlyapartialunderstandingofhowitworks.oneofthegreatestchallengesinneuroscienceistounravelthemysteryof(1).thisinvolvesidentifyingthevastnetworkofneuronsandunderstandinghowtheycommunicatewitheachother.neuronsarethebasicfunctionalunitsofthebrain,eachwithauniquestructurethatenablesittoreceive,process,andtransmitinformation.theyareoftendescribedasthebrain'scommunicationcables,transmittingsignalsrapidlyacrossthenetwork.theprocessofneuronalcommunicationisknownas(2),anditoccursatspecializedjunctionscalledsynapses.atasynapse,anelectricalsignaltravelingdowntheaxonofoneneuron(thepresynapticneuron)triggersthereleaseofchemicalmessengerscalledneurotransmitters.theseneurotransmitterscrossthesynapticgapandbindtoreceptorsonthedendritesofthenextneuron(thepostsynapticneuron),potentially(3)thesignal'stransmission.thetypeofneurotransmitterandthenumberofreceptorsinvolveddeterminewhetherthesignalisamplifiedorinhibited.thebrain'smemorysystemsarealsoincrediblysophisticated,allowingustostoreandretrievevastamountsofinformation.short-termmemory,whichholdsinformationforabriefperiod,typically(4)forafewsecondstoaminute.long-termmemory,ontheotherhand,canstoreinformationfordecades.thetransitionfromshort-termtolong-termmemoryinvolvesaprocesscalled(5),whichstrengthenstheconnectionsbetweenneurons.neuroplasticity,thebrain'sabilitytochangeandadaptinresponsetoexperience,isanothercriticalaspectofitsfunction.thisphenomenonallowsthebraintoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife.forexample,ifapersonlosesalimb,thebraincansometimes(6)functionspreviouslyassociatedwiththatlimbtootherpartsofthebrain.thisremarkableabilitytoadaptandrewireitselfiswhatmakesthebrainsoresilient.however,italsomeansthatthebraincanbe(7)byfactorssuchasstress,injury,ordisease.understandingthesefactorsandhowtheyimpactthebrainiscrucialfordevelopingeffectivetreatmentsforneurologicalandpsychiatricdisorders.advancesintechnologyhavegreatlyenhancedourabilitytostudythebrain.techniquessuchasfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)andelectroencephalography(EEG)allowresearcherstoobservebrainactivityinrealtime.thesetoolshaveprovidedvaluableinsightsintohowdifferentbrainregionsworktogethertoperformcomplextasks.forinstance,fMRIstudieshaveshownthatreadinginvolvesanetworkofbrainregions,includingthoseresponsibleforvision,language,andmemory.similarly,EEGhasrevealedtheroleofdifferentbrainwavesinvariouscognitiveprocesses.thesediscoveriesarehelpingtobuildamorecomprehensivepictureofthebrain'sarchitectureandfunction.despitetheseadvances,muchremainstobediscovered.thestudyofthebrainisafieldthatisconstantlyevolving,withnewresearchuncoveringnewmysteriesandchallenges.furtherexplorationisneededtofullyunderstandthecomplexitiesofthebrainanddevelopbettertreatmentsforneurologicalandpsychiatricdisorders.aswecontinuetounravelthemysteriesofthebrain,wegainnotonlyadeeperunderstandingofourselvesbutalsohopefornewwaystoimproveourhealthandwell-being.thequesttounderstandthebrainisajourneythatwillcontinuetocaptivateandinspireresearchersforgenerationstocome.(8)thebrain'sabilitytoadaptandrewireitselfistrulyremarkable,butitisnotwithoutitslimitations.oneofthemostsignificantchallengesinbrainresearchisunderstandinghowtoharnessthisplasticityfortherapeuticpurposes.researchersareexploringvariousstrategies,suchas(9),topromoteneuralregenerationandrepair.(9)whiletheseapproachesholdpromise,theyalsofacesignificantethicalandpracticalconsiderations.forexample,genetherapyraisesconcernsaboutthepotentialforunintendedconsequencesandtheneedforcarefullong-termmonitoring.stemcellresearch,whileofferingthepotentialtogeneratenewneurons,isstillinitsearlystagesandrequiresfurtherrefinement.(10)anotherareaofactiveresearchistheuseofneurofeedback,atechniquethatallowsindividualstomonitorandinfluencetheirownbrainactivity.bylearningtocontrolspecificbrainwaves,individualsmaybeabletoimprovetheircognitiveperformance,reducestress,andeven(11)certainneurologicalconditions.(11)thedevelopmentofbrain-computerinterfaces(BCIs)isalsotransformingthefieldofneuroscience.thesedevicesallowfordirectcommunicationbetweenthebrainandexternaldevices,enablingindividualswithparalysisorotherdisabilitiestocontrolprostheticlimbsorcommunicatemoreeffectively.BCIshavethepotentialto(12)significantimprovementsinthequalityoflifeformillionsofpeople.(12)aswelooktowardthefutureofbrainresearch,itisclearthatthepossibilitiesarevirtuallylimitless.newtechnologiesandinnovativeapproachesarecontinuallyemerging,offeringhopefortreatingawiderangeofneurologicalandpsychiatricdisorders.thecontinuedpursuitofknowledgeaboutthebrainwillnotonlyenhanceourunderstandingofhumannaturebutalsopavethewayfornewtreatmentsandtherapiesthatcanimprovethelivesofmillions.試卷答案1.mechanism解析思路：根據(jù)后文“thisinvolvesidentifyingthevastnetworkofneuronsandunderstandinghowtheycommunicatewitheachother”（這涉及到識別龐大的神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及理解它們?nèi)绾蜗嗷ソ涣鳎?，此處?yīng)填入一個表示“機(jī)制”的名詞，指神經(jīng)溝通的原理或方式，mechanism符合語境。2.neurotransmission解析思路：根據(jù)前文“neuronsarethebasicfunctionalunitsofthebrain,eachwithauniquestructurethatenablesittoreceive,process,andtransmitinformation”（神經(jīng)元是大腦的基本功能單位，每個神經(jīng)元都有獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)，使其能夠接收、處理和傳輸信息）以及后文描述的神經(jīng)元之間通過化學(xué)物質(zhì)傳遞信號的過程，neurotransmission（神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)傳遞）是描述這一過程的恰當(dāng)術(shù)語。3.enhance解析思路：根據(jù)前文“theseneurotransmitterscrossthesynapticgapandbindtoreceptorsonthedendritesofthenextneuron,potentially...thesignal'stransmission”（這些神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)穿過突觸間隙，并與下一個神經(jīng)元的樹突上的受體結(jié)合，可能...信號傳輸），此處需要一個動詞，表示神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)與受體結(jié)合可能對信號傳輸產(chǎn)生的作用。enhance（增強(qiáng)）符合文意，表示可能增強(qiáng)信號傳輸。4.lasts解析思路：根據(jù)前文“short-termmemory,whichholdsinformationforabriefperiod,typically...forafewsecondstoaminute”（短期記憶，它保存信息的時間很短，通常...幾秒鐘到一分鐘），此處需要一個動詞，表示短期記憶持續(xù)的時間。lasts（持續(xù)）符合語境。5.consolidation解析思路：根據(jù)前文“thetransitionfromshort-termtolong-termmemoryinvolvesaprocesscalled...whichstrengthenstheconnectionsbetweenneurons”（從短期記憶到長期記憶的轉(zhuǎn)變涉及一個稱為...的過程，該過程加強(qiáng)了神經(jīng)元之間的連接），此處應(yīng)填入一個名詞，表示將短期記憶轉(zhuǎn)化為長期記憶的過程。consolidation（鞏固，consolidation）符合語境。6.redistribute解析思路：根據(jù)前文“neuroplasticity,thebrain'sabilitytochangeandadaptinresponsetoexperience,isanothercriticalaspectofitsfunction.thisphenomenonallowsthebraintoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife”（神經(jīng)可塑性，大腦對經(jīng)驗(yàn)做出改變和適應(yīng)的能力，是其功能的一個關(guān)鍵方面。這種現(xiàn)象允許大腦通過形成新的神經(jīng)連接來重新組織自身），以及后文“ifapersonlosesalimb,thebraincansometimes...functionspreviouslyassociatedwiththatlimbtootherpartsofthebrain”（如果一個人失去一個肢體，大腦有時可以將previouslyassociatedwiththatlimb（與該肢體先前相關(guān)的）功能重新分配到大腦的其他部位），redistribute（重新分配）符合語境。7.affected解析思路：根據(jù)前文“thisremarkableabilitytoadaptandrewireitselfiswhatmakesthebrainsoresilient.however,italsomeansthatthebraincanbe...byfactorssuchasstress,injury,ordisease”（這種非凡的適應(yīng)和重新連接自身的能力使大腦變得富有彈性。然而，這也意味著大腦可能會被stress,injury,ordisease（壓力、受傷或疾?。┑纫蛩赜绊懀颂幮枰粋€過去分詞作表語，表示大腦受到的影響。affected（受影響的）符合語境。8.Moreover解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“thebrain'sabilitytoadaptandrewireitselfistrulyremarkable”（大腦適應(yīng)和重新連接自身的能力確實(shí)非凡）與“itisnotwithoutitslimitations”（它并非沒有局限性）之間存在遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，moreover（此外）用于引導(dǎo)遞進(jìn)句，符合語境。9.transcranialmagneticstimulation(TMS)解析思路：根據(jù)前文“researchersareexploringvariousstrategies,suchas...topromoteneuralregeneration