初中英語語法重點(diǎn)歸納與練習(xí)題集語法是語言的骨架，掌握好語法，才能更準(zhǔn)確、更流利地運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行表達(dá)和理解。初中階段的英語語法是打好英語基礎(chǔ)的關(guān)鍵，涉及詞法、句法等多個(gè)方面。本歸納與練習(xí)旨在幫助同學(xué)們系統(tǒng)梳理初中英語核心語法點(diǎn)，并通過針對(duì)性練習(xí)鞏固所學(xué)，提升運(yùn)用能力。一、名詞(Nouns)名詞是表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)、抽象概念等的詞。1.可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞*可數(shù)名詞：可以計(jì)數(shù)，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。*單數(shù)：abook,anapple*復(fù)數(shù)：books,apples(規(guī)則變化：加-s/-es；不規(guī)則變化：man-men,child-children,mouse-mice等)*不可數(shù)名詞：無法直接計(jì)數(shù)，通常只有單數(shù)形式。*如：water,information,advice,money,rice*表示數(shù)量時(shí)需借助量詞：acupofwater,twopiecesofadvice2.名詞所有格*有生命的名詞：通常在名詞后加's(單數(shù))或s'(復(fù)數(shù))。*Tom'sbook,theteachers'office*不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞：children'stoys*無生命的名詞：多用"of+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。*thedooroftheroom,thecoverofthebook練習(xí)1：名詞填空1.Therearethree_______(child)playinginthepark.2.Ineedsome_______(information)aboutthetrip.3.Thisismy_______(father)car.4.Howmany_______(knife)doweneed?二、代詞(Pronouns)代詞用來代替名詞或名詞短語，避免重復(fù)。1.人稱代詞：主格(作主語)、賓格(作賓語)I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they(主格)me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them(賓格)2.物主代詞：形容詞性(后接名詞)、名詞性(獨(dú)立使用)my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their(形容詞性)mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs(名詞性)3.指示代詞：this,that,these,those4.反身代詞：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves(表示“親自”、“自己”)5.不定代詞：some,any,no,none,many,much,few,little,each,every,both,either,neither,all,none,other,another練習(xí)2：代詞填空1.Mybrotherisastudent._______(He/His)studiesinNo.1MiddleSchool.2.Thisisnotmypen._______(My/Mine)isblue.3.Weenjoyed_______(us/ourselves)atthepartylastnight.4.-Wouldyoulike_______(some/any)coffee?-Yes,please.三、冠詞(Articles)冠詞分為不定冠詞(a,an)和定冠詞(the)。1.不定冠詞a/an*a用于輔音音素開頭的單詞前：auniversity,abook*an用于元音音素開頭的單詞前：anhour,anapple*表示“一個(gè)”，泛指某類人或事物中的一個(gè)。2.定冠詞the*特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。*指雙方都知道的人或事物。*用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。*用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)前。*用在樂器名稱前。*用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示“一家人”或“夫婦倆”。3.零冠詞(不用冠詞的情況)*復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)。*不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)。*三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、學(xué)科名稱前。*星期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日前(中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前可用the)。*名詞前已有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞等修飾時(shí)。練習(xí)3：冠詞填空(用a,an,the或/表示零冠詞)1.Ihave_______Englishbook._______bookisveryinteresting.2.Sheusuallyhas_______breakfastat7:00in_______morning.3.Hecanplay_______pianoverywell.4._______sunrisesin_______east.四、數(shù)詞(Numerals)數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)量)和序數(shù)詞(表示順序)。1.基數(shù)詞：one,two,three,...,twenty,thirty,...,hundred,thousand,million2.序數(shù)詞：first,second,third,...,twentieth,thirtieth,...,hundredth*一般在基數(shù)詞后加-th。*特殊變化：one-first,two-second,three-third,five-fifth,eight-eighth,nine-ninth,twelve-twelfth,twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth等。練習(xí)4：數(shù)詞填空1.Todayismybrother's_______(十二)birthday.2.Thereare_______(三十)studentsinourclass.3.Thisisthe_______(一)timeI'vebeentoBeijing.五、介詞(Prepositions)介詞表示名詞、代詞等與句中其他詞的關(guān)系。1.時(shí)間介詞：at,in,on,for,during,since,before,after,by*at+具體時(shí)刻/年齡：at6o'clock,attheageoffive*in+年/月/季節(jié)/泛指上午、下午、晚上：in2023,inJuly,insummer,inthemorning*on+具體某一天/具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上：onMonday,onJune1st,onacoldmorning2.地點(diǎn)/方位介詞：in,on,at,under,behind,infrontof,nextto,between,among,above,below3.其他常用介詞：with,without,by,in,on,about,for,from,of,to練習(xí)5：介詞填空1.Mybirthdayis_______October.2.Weusuallyhavedinner_______7p.m.3.Thepictureis_______thewall.4.Shegoestoschool_______bikeeveryday.六、連詞(Conjunctions)連詞用來連接詞、短語或句子。1.并列連詞：and,but,or,so,for(表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果等關(guān)系)2.從屬連詞：that,if,whether,when,while,before,after,until,because,since,as,though,although,so...that...,such...that...,if,unless,assoonas等(用于引導(dǎo)從句)練習(xí)6：連詞填空1.Ilikeapples_______mybrotherlikesbananas.(并列)2.Heisverytired,_______hestillworkshard.(轉(zhuǎn)折)3.Youcanstayathome_______gooutwithus.(選擇)4.Ididn'tgotoschoolyesterday_______Iwasill.(因果)七、形容詞與副詞(AdjectivesandAdverbs)1.形容詞：修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征。*通常放在名詞前作定語，或放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語。*比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：*規(guī)則變化：*單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞：加-er,-est；以e結(jié)尾加-r,-st；以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i加-er,-est；重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫尾字母加-er,-est。*多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞：在詞前加more,most。*不規(guī)則變化：good/well-better-best,bad/badly-worse-worst,many/much-more-most,little-less-least,far-farther/further-farthest/furthest。2.副詞：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個(gè)句子，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等。*大部分由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成。*比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則與形容詞類似。練習(xí)7：形容詞與副詞填空1.Thisstoryis_______(interesting)thanthatone.2.Sheruns_______(fast)inourclass.3.Heisa_______(careful)student.Hedoeshishomework_______(careful).4.Whichis_______(big),thesunorthemoon?八、動(dòng)詞(Verbs)-核心重點(diǎn)1.動(dòng)詞的基本形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞2.時(shí)態(tài)(Tenses)：*一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或客觀真理。*結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)(主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí))*標(biāo)志詞：always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week...*一般過去時(shí)：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。*結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動(dòng)詞過去式*標(biāo)志詞：yesterday,lastweek/month/year...,...ago,in2020*一般將來時(shí)：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。*結(jié)構(gòu)：will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形；begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形*標(biāo)志詞：tomorrow,nextweek/month/year...,soon,inthefuture*現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。*結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞*標(biāo)志詞：now,look,listen*過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。*結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。*結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞*標(biāo)志詞：already,yet,ever,never,just,since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段3.被動(dòng)語態(tài)(PassiveVoice)：*表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。*基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞*常用時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)(am/is/are+done),一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)(was/were+done),一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)(willbe+done)4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(ModalVerbs)：can,may,must,should,would,need,hadbetter*后接動(dòng)詞原形。*沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化(除haveto)。*表示能力、許可、必須、推測(cè)、義務(wù)等。5.非謂語動(dòng)詞(不定式)：to+動(dòng)詞原形(有時(shí)to可省略)*作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。練習(xí)8：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)填空1.Heusually_______(get)upat6:30a.m.2.They_______(play)basketballontheplaygroundyesterdayafternoon.3.Look!Thechildren_______(sing)intheclassroom.4.I_______(finish)myhomeworkalready.5.We_______(visit)theGreatWallnextsummerholiday.練習(xí)9：被動(dòng)語態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞填空1.English_______(speak)inmanycountries.2.Theletter_______(write)byTomyesterday.3.You_______(must)obeythetrafficrules.4._______I_______(can)useyourpen?九、句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(BasicSentenceStructures)1.五種基本句型：*S+V(主語+謂語)*S+V+O(主語+謂語+賓語)*S+V+P(主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語)*S+V+IO+DO(主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語)*S+V+O+OC(主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語)2.句子種類：*陳述句(肯定、否定)*疑問句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意)*祈使句(肯定、否定)*感嘆句(How+adj./adv.+主+謂!What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主+謂!)練習(xí)10：句型轉(zhuǎn)換(按要求改寫句子)1.TomplaysfootballeverySunday.(改為否定句)Tom______________footballeverySunday.2.Theywillfinishtheworkintwodays.(改為一般疑問句)_______they_______theworkintwodays?3.Thebookisveryinteresting.(改為感嘆句)______________interestingbookitis!/_______interestingthebookis!4.Hedidhishomeworklastnight.(對(duì)劃線部分提問，劃線部分：didhishomework)______________he_______lastnight?十、常見從句簡(jiǎn)介(BriefIntroductiontoClauses)1.賓語從句：在句中作賓語，通常由that,if/whether,特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。*語序：陳述句語序(主語在前，謂語在后)。*時(shí)態(tài)：主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用各種時(shí)態(tài)；主句為一般過去時(shí)，從句通常用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。2.狀語從句：在句中作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。*時(shí)間狀語從句(when,while,as,before,after,until,since,assoonas)*條件狀語從句(if,unless)*原因狀語從句(because,since,as)*結(jié)果狀語從句(so...that...,such...that...)*比較狀語從句(than,as...as...)*讓步狀語從句(though,although,evenif)練習(xí)11：從句填空2.Shewasreadingabook_______hermothercamein.(when/while)3.Wewillgoforapicnicifit_______(notrain)tomorrow.4.Heruns_______fastthatnoonecancatchupwithhim.(so/such)---綜合練習(xí)題集I.單項(xiàng)選擇從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。A.nottospendB.tonotspendC.don'tspendD.notspend2.Thisis_______interestingfilm.Ihaveseenittwice.A.aB.anC.theD./3.-Whereis