2026屆新高考英語熱點沖刺復(fù)習(xí)定語從句TheAttributiveClause觀察：arainydayabeautifulgirlthreestudentsagirlcalledAlicesomeplacestolive一.定語從句：1.定義：在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾某一名詞或代詞且作定語的從句叫定語從句。2.位置：定語從句位于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。ThefoodsthatAustralianslikemostarehamsandgrapes.澳大利亞人最喜歡的食物是火腿和葡萄。定語二、兩個重要概念：1.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞，位于定語從句之前。Wealllikemusicthatisquietandlight.ThefoodsthatAustralianslikemostarehamsandgrapes.2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，也叫引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞先行詞thatIhavesomephotosthatItookinAustralialastyear.先行詞關(guān)系詞IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.先行詞：關(guān)系詞：定語：定語4.關(guān)系代詞that：作用：①既可指有生命的動物或人，也可指代物。②在定語從句中可以充當(dāng)主語and賓語。Itisabeautifulgirlthatiswearingablouseandskirt.如何判斷先行詞that做主語還是賓語？看定語部分，that后是動詞→就做主語，that后是人或物→做賓語做主語IhavesomephotosthatItookinAustralialastyear.ThefoodsthatAustralianslikemostarehamsandgrapes.做賓語ThisisthebookthatIwanttobuy.這就是我想要買的那本書。(關(guān)系代詞that指代物，在定語從句thatIwanttobuy中充當(dāng)賓語。)Heisthegentlemanthatwantstohelpus.他就是那位想幫我們的先生。(關(guān)系詞that指代人，在定語從句thatwantstohelpus中充當(dāng)主語。)-Whataretheytalkingabout?-They'retalkingaboutthegreatestinvention____________havemadeabigdifferencetoourdailylife.A.whichB.whoC.thatThegirl_________isdancingoverthereismycousin.A.itB.sheC.thisD.that-Haveyouseenthephotos_______Itookonmytrip?-Yes，Ihave.Theyarefantastic.A.thatB.whoC.whatD.whomIstillremembertheschoolandtheteachers_________IvisitedinShanghaiyearsago.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whomThisisthebook_________inthebookshoplastSunday.A.IboughtitB.IboughtthatC.thatIboughtD.thatIboughtit注意:關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作賓語時可省略。(that：做主保留，做賓略)Haveyougoteverything(that)youneed?你需要的東西都有了嗎?--Whatareyoulookingfor?-Thebook_____Iborrowedfromthelibrarythedaybeforeyesterday.A.whoB.不填D.whomCwhoseIhavesomephotos(that)ItookinAustralialastyear.做主保留，做賓略Friendshipisaverydifficultthing.Itishardtohandle.Itcreatesmanydifferentproblems.InfactIwouldsaythatfriendshipisashardtohandleasloveis,orevenmarriage.OfcourseIamnottalkingabouteasy?come?easy?gofriendship.I'mtalkingaboutfriendswhocaredeeplyabouteachother,whosupporteachother,whomakelifeworthliving.I'mtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.找出先行詞和關(guān)系詞友誼是很難處理的，有時還會帶來許多各種各樣的麻煩。事實上，我想說的是，友誼與愛情甚至婚姻一樣難以應(yīng)付。當(dāng)然了，我這里所說的友誼不是那種“來得快去得也快”的泛泛之交，而是那種彼此之間能真正互相關(guān)心的朋友，能夠互相支持的朋友，能夠讓你的人生更有意義的朋友，是那種你和他們幾乎可以分享一切的朋友。Thereisthisdifferencebetweenhappinessandwisdom:thepersonwhothinkshimselfthehappiestmanreallyisso;butthepersonwhothinkshimselfthewisestisgenerallythegreatestfool.幸福與智慧區(qū)別于此：認(rèn)為自己是最幸福的，他真的就最幸福；而認(rèn)為自己是最有智慧的，他卻往往是最大的傻瓜。HeisthebestgrammarteacherwhoIhaveeverseen.他是我見過的最好的語法老師。It'shardtohaveafriendwhoyoucantrustcompletely.很難有一個你能完全信任的朋友。請判斷下列句子是否正確，錯誤的請改正。1.HeisthemanwhoheisteachingusEnglish.2.I'dreallyliketofindafriendthatIcantrusthimcompletely.3.I'dreallyliketofindafriendIcansharealmosteverythingwithhim.請將下列每一組中的兩個簡單句合并為一個定語從句，用第二個句子作定語。1.Thegirlishappy.Shewontherace.2.ThestudentisfromAmerica.Hesitsnexttome.3.Theboywasnotbadlyhurt.Theboyfellfromatree.4.Thetaxidriverwasfriendly.Hetookmetotheairport.5.Ican'trememberthenameoftheperson.Igavethemoneytohim.6.Theemployeeshadtoretire.Theyhadreachedtheageofsixty?five.7.Theteacherspoketotheboys.Theirworkwasbelowstandard.8.Thepeoplewerefriendly.Irentedtheirhouses.9.Heistheprofessor.Iamtakinghisgrammarcourse.10.Thatistheman.Hissondiedinthataircrash.11.Themancalledthepolice.Hiscarwasstolen.12.Themanisfamous.Hispictureisinthenewspaper.13.Ihaveaneighbor.Hisdogbarksalldaylong.14.Thegirlisagoodfriendofmine.Iborrowedhercamera.15.Thechurchwasbuiltin1400.Weweremarriedinthechurch.16.Shetoldmeheraddress.Iwroteitdownonapieceofpaper.17.Wearestudyingsentences.Theycontainadjectiveclauses.18.Theexhibitionwasnotveryinteresting.Myfriendtookmetoseeit.19.Johnisn'thomeyet.Thatworriedme.20.Jackwasfiredfromhisjob.Thatsurprisedallofhisco?workers.21.Myroommatealwaysplaysmusicatthedorm.Thatreallygetsonmynerves.請判斷下列句子是否正確，錯誤的請改正。22.Ienjoythemusicthatwearelisteningtoit.23.Thepeoplewhichlivenexttomearefriendly.24.HeisthemanwhohetaughtmeEnglish.25.Igavethebooktohimthatheneededit.26.TheairlinehasabookletwhowilltellyoumostoftheimportantthingsaboutatriptoEurope.27.Themanwhichtoldmethenewsrefusedtogivemehisname.28.ThebookwhichIboughtitatthebookstorewasveryuseful.29.ThewomanwasnicethatImetyesterday.30.Imetawomanwhoherhusbandisafamouslawyer.31.LetABCbeatrianglewhichsidesareofunequallength.32.Doyouknowthepeoplewholivesinthathouse?33.ThepeoplewhoImetthematthepartylastnightwereinteresting.34.Hedroppedinonanoldfriendthatdaywherehevisitedhisclub.35.Theday,whenbeganbrightly,endedwithaviolentstorm.81）I'llneverforgetthetimewhichIspentoncampus.2）I'llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmetinthepark.3)Thedaymaysooncomewhenwedon'tbothertogotoofficebutjustworkathome.whenwhere一、where的先行詞指地點where引導(dǎo)定語從句，其先行詞一般是表示地點的名詞，如place和house等。請看例句：1A:Sinceyouworkinthetheater,can'tyougetmeafreeticketnowandthen?B:Certainlyifyoubringmeafewnotesnowandthenfromthebankwhereyouwork!二、關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語與when類似，并非凡是先行詞表示地點的名詞，都得由where來引導(dǎo)定語從句，這得看關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。若定語從句缺主語或賓語，則要用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。請比較：1）ThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.2）ThisisthetownwhichItoldyouaboutbefore.1）Thelibrarywherestudentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.2）Thelibrary,whichwasbuiltinthe1930's,needstoberenovated.在例句1）中，定語從句不缺少主語或賓語，而是缺少地點狀語，故關(guān)系詞用where。這里where作地點狀語，修飾study。在例句2）中，由于定語從句缺少主語，因此填入的關(guān)系詞要充當(dāng)這一賓語，故要用which。譯文1）學(xué)生們常常上自習(xí)的那個圖書館昨晚著火了。2）這個圖書館建于20世紀(jì)30年代，現(xiàn)在需要翻修了。I'veneverbeentoBeijing,butit'stheplace______.A.whereI'dliketovisitB.inwhichI'dliketovisitC.ImostwanttovisitD.thatIwanttovisititmostwhy的用法why用來表示原因，只引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞是reason等表示原因的名詞。ThisisthereasonwhyIdidn'tcomehere.妙語點睛此處的why=forwhich譯文這就是我沒來的原因。C請將下列每一組中的兩個簡單句合并為一個定語從句，用第二個句子作定語。1.Mondayistheday.Wewillcomeonthatday.2.HearrivedinShanghaithatday.OnthesamedayIleft.3.Julyisthemonth.Theweatherisusuallythehottestinthatmonth.4.AprilFool'sDayisthatspecialdayoftheyear.Onthedayyoushouldplayajokeonsomeone!5.March10,1876wastheday.Onthedaythefirstcompletesentencewassentoveratelephone.非限制性定語從句二、類指名詞一、專有名詞如果定語從句修飾一個專有名詞，一般要用逗號分隔先行詞與定語從句，也就是說要使用非限制性定語從句。這是因為專有名詞本身的意思已經(jīng)很完整，不需要限制，用定語從句只是對它進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。請看例句：1Mymother,whois50thisyear,liveswithmenow.普通名詞若是用來表示類指，即表示的是一類事物，而非具體的某一個事物，此時，其后也宜用非限制性定語從句。請比較下列例句：

例句1）用了非限制性定語從句whichistheearth'slargestlandmammal，而例句2）卻用了限制性定語從句whichwesawatthezoo，原因就是因為兩句中的elephant的意義是不一樣的。例句1）中的anelephant是類指或泛指，即表示“大象”這類動物，而不是指稱具體的某一頭大象。例句2）中的elephants則不是類指概念，而是具體指代某一頭大象，即“我們在動物園看到的那頭大象”。1）Anelephant,whichistheearth'slargestlandmammal,hasfewnaturalenemiesotherthanhumanbeings.大象作為陸地上體型最大的哺乳類動物，很少有天敵，除了人類之外。2）Oneoftheelephantswhichwesawatthezoohadonlyonetusk.我們在動物園看到一頭大象只有一顆象牙。1,在英文中，還有一類句子，用限制性或非限制性定語從句都可以，但強(qiáng)調(diào)的意義不一樣，即句義不同。請比較：11）Hehasadaughterwhoworksinahospital.2）Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.妙語點睛例句1）表示他有多個女兒，其中有一個在醫(yī)院工作。例句2）強(qiáng)調(diào)他有一個女兒，不是兒子，“在醫(yī)院工作”純粹是補(bǔ)充信息。譯文1）他有一個在醫(yī)院工作的女兒。2）他有個女兒，是在醫(yī)院工作的。1）Thefoodwhichwasn'tinthefridgeallwentoff.2）Thefood,whichwasn'tinthefridge,allwentoff.妙語點睛例句1）表示部分食物壞了，即沒有放在冰箱里的那部分食物壞了。例句2）表示食物都壞了，因為沒有放在冰箱里。此時定語從句補(bǔ)充說明了食物變質(zhì)的原因，是因為沒有放在冰箱里。譯文1）沒有放在冰箱里的那些食物壞了。2）食物都壞了，因為沒有放在冰箱里。非限制性定語從句的翻譯最后，我們討論一下上述兩種定語從句在翻譯上的差別。限制性定語從句一般翻譯成定語的形式“……的”，而非限制性定語從句往往會譯成各種狀語形式。例如：1Thefood,whichwasn'tinthefridge,allwentoff.精品譯文食物都壞了，因為沒有放在冰箱里（譯成原因狀語從句）。2TheAmbassadorgaveadinnertothescientists,withwhomheespeciallywishedtotalk.精品譯文大使宴請了那些科學(xué)家，因為他特別想與他們交談一下（譯成原因狀語從句）。3Thepeopleweredesperateforwork,anywork,whichcouldsupporttheirfamily.精品譯文人們急于找到工作，什么工作都行，只要能養(yǎng)家糊口（譯成條件狀語從句）。4Themillionairehadanotherhousebuilt,whichhedidn'tneedatall.精品譯文那位百萬富翁又建了一幢房子，盡管他并不需要（譯成讓步狀語從句）。定語從句是英文造句規(guī)則中的一個難點，也是重點。它有兩個重要概念：先行詞和關(guān)系詞，定語從句的核心內(nèi)容都是圍繞著這兩者之間的關(guān)系展開的。本章重點討論了先行詞和關(guān)系詞之間的搭配關(guān)系，比如若先行詞指“人”，關(guān)系詞就要用who或that；若先行詞指“物”，關(guān)系詞就要用which或that；指時間一般用關(guān)系詞when（只作狀語）等等。讀者只需要抓住關(guān)系詞與先行詞的各個用法特點，就可以把握定語從句的核心內(nèi)容。本章重點及難點1.關(guān)系代詞的用法；2.關(guān)系副詞的用法，特別需要提醒讀者注意的是關(guān)系副詞只能作狀語；3.靈活運用限制性和非限制性定語從句。比如在寫文章時，一定要真正會判斷何時該用限制性定語從句，何時該用非限制性定語從句。這兩種形式上不同的定語從句其實是它們在思維上的差異的反映。4.區(qū)分that引導(dǎo)的定語從句和同位語從句。對于某些讀者來說，靈活判斷和使用限制性和非限制性定語從句或許比較難，其次是熟練判斷that引導(dǎo)的定語從句和同位語從句，這兩點既是重點也是難點。11.Theprofessorandherachievement______youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom12.Idon'tsupposeanythinghappens______hedoesn'tforesee.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as13.Theyshoutedwiththeloudestvoice______theycould.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what14.Thisisthebestbook______onthesubject.A.whichthereisB.thatthereisC.whichisD.whatis15.He'swrittenabook______nameI'vecompletelyforgotten.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that16.Themeetingwaspostponed,______wasexactlywhatIwanted.A.thatB.whichitC.andthatD.thisA.whichcoverB.ofwhichcoverC.thecoverwhichD.fromthecoverofwhich20.Thiskindofsolarcookercanbeusedonlyinthedaytime______thesunisshining.A.whenB.asC.whileD.since21.Solomonwasdiligent,responsibleandhardworking,______hewaspromotedfromaclerktoamanager.A.forwhichB.whichC.forD.that17.Mr.Jones,______Johnwasworking,wasverygenerousaboutovertimepayment.A.forwhomB.forwhoC.whomD.forthat18.Thereisnotmuch______canbedonenow.A.thatB.whic