Unit5RevealingnatureAJourneyofDiscovery1.Usepredicting,skimmingfordetailandscanningforspecificinformationtocomprehendthereadingmaterials.2.Usedifferentmethodstosearchrelatedinformationandcomparethem.3.Concludethereadingmaterial.Process(success)objectivesProduct(success)objectives1.Obtaintheinformationbyusingreadingskills.2.Thinkandanalyzethereadingmaterialthroughstudyingthestyleandwritingskills.3.Developtheawarenessofscientificexploring.Whatdoyouknowaboutthemanandshareyourknowledgewiththeclass.CharlesRobertDarwin(1809-1882)wasanEnglishgeologistandnaturalist.InhisfamousbookOntheOriginofSpecies,Darwinproposedthetheorythatorganisms(individuallifeforms)evolveextremelyslowly.Hestatedthattheorganismsthatwerebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentswouldsurviveandpassontheirfavourablecharacteristicstothenextgeneration,whilethelesssuitableorganismswouldgraduallydieout.Hecalledthisprocess“naturalselection”.1.thelossofotherpeople'srespectandapprovalbecauseofthebadwaysb.hasbehaved2.asmallpartofsomethingintendedasrepresentativeofthewhole3.thehardpointedpartofabird'smouth4.ascientistwhostudiesgeologydisgracesamplebeakgeologistMatchthewordsintheboxwiththedefinitions.answerthecall

disgracesample

finch

beak

geologist

suspect

generate

decline

5.respondthecall6.smallbirdwithashortbeak7.toproduceorcreatesth.8.acontinuousdecreaseinthenumber,value,quality,etc.ofsth.9.tothinkorbelievesomethingtobetrueorprobablefinchgeneratedeclinesuspectanswerthecallanswerthecall

disgracesample

finch

beak

geologist

suspect

generate

decline

Observethepictureandthinkaboutthequestions:1.Whatisthenameofthetree?2.Whatisevolution?3.Canyoutellusthedirectionofevolution?1.Whatspeciesdoyourecognizeinthepicture?2.Whatfactorscancausetheprocessofevolution?Paramecium,earthworm,snail,crab,fish,tortoise,bird,horse,human,frog,algae,moss,fern…Lookattheevolutionarytreeandanswerthequestions.Theever-changingenvironmentofnature;environmentalchanges;populationimmigration;geneticmutation;culturalpreference…Predictthemainideaofthetextaccordingtothepictureandthetitle.AJourneyofDiscovery

ThepassageismainlyabouthowDarwin’sTheoryofEvolutiongeneratedanddevelopedonhisjourney.Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould"profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistant

countriesyetlittleknown".Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain'sfirstchoice.Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What'smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe"adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily".Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.2Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.HeleftEnglandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechancetostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Ashestudiedthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?3Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.5Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.Overtime,ithadslowlyevolvedintomanynewspecies.Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.6Itwasacompletelynewidea-atheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Theywereshocked.ButDarwin'sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.7Today,OntheOriginofSpeciesisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.AnditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.Readthepassagequicklyandtalkaboutyourunderstandingofthetitle.AJourneyofDiscoveryDarwin'sinterestinvariouslivingthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.Darwin'sjourneyontheBeagleinspiredhisTheoryofEvolution.Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumanshadevolvedovertime.Choosethemainideaofthepassageandgiveyourreasons.Decidewhattypeofessayitis?Itisanarrativeessay.Anarrativeessayisastorywithabeginning,middle,andend.Adescriptiveessaydescribesasubjectandlistsinterestingdetails.Anexpositoryessayisfactual,givinginformationonasubject.Anargumentativeessayaimstoconvincethereader.Therearefourmajortypesofessay:narrative,descriptive,expository,andargumentative.Whatarethefourmajortypesofessaydoyouknow?Anarrativeessaytellsastoryorgivesanaccountofsomethingthathashappened.Thepurposeistoretellastorybasedonpersonalexperienceorthewriter’simagination.Allstorieshavethesameessentialingredients:aseriesofeventswhichareorganizedinanorderandtoldbyanarrator.Elements:what,where,who,why,when,hownarrativeessayPointofview:firstperson(moregraphicandlifelike)thirdperson(objective)Order:chronologicalordertimeorderTense:pasttense(storieshappenedinthepast)Canyoufindoutwhatkindofnarrativeordertheauthorusedto?Timeorder.Matchthemainideawithitscorrespondingparagraph.Paragraph1A.DifferentfinchesoneachoftheislandsinspiredDarwintonoticehowtheirbeakshadevolved.Paragraph2B.

Darwin'sideasweredifferentfromotherpeople'sbeliefsonspeciesevolution.Paragraph3C.AsDarwinstudiedplantsandanimalsinSouthAmerica,hewonderedhowdifferentspeciescametoexist.Paragraph4D.Darwinmadeaconclusion:newspeciesofplantsandanimalsevolvedfromearlierancestors.Paragraph5E.Darwin's

OntheOriginofSpecies

waspublishedbutcausedastorm.Paragraph6F.

OntheOriginofSpecies

haschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.Paragraph7G.Darwinansweredthecalltovisitdistantcountriesyetlittleknown.GCBADEFRead

for

detailed

information.Para

1：Labels

on

a

young

manIncaptain’seyesIn

common

people’s

eyesIn

his

families’

eyesHewasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.

Hewasadisgracetohimselfandallhisfamily.Hewasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.Writing

purpose:

Setthesuspense

to

attract

reader’s

interestsPara

02：Startajourneywhowhatcollecting

samplesasking

himselfaquestionCharlesDarwinwasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.Howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?Para

03：Generate

newideasold

ideasnewideaswhatHowtoproveAllspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsinceAnimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironmentsTo

look

for

more

evidencePara

04-05Develop

the

ideasHowanswerofthatquestionDarwinnoticedfinches’beakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.Newspeciesofplantsandanimalsevolvedfromearlierancestors.Para

06-07ProposeatheorywhatHowPeople'sreactionInfluenceAtheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.OntheOriginofSpeciesisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.Manypeoplerefusedtobelieve.Theywereshocked.Later,moreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.askedhimselfaquestion(generated

an

idea)answered

the

question(developed

an

idea)published

the

book

(proposed

a

theory)

started

his

journeyFillintheblanksinthechart.lifeonEarthstorm

ancestorssamples

existchanged

BeagledegreetimeorderDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue(T),False(F)orNotGiven(NG).1.Darwinwasthefirstpersonwhomthecaptainofthe

Beagle

wanted.(

)2.Darwindidn'tgetalongwellwithhisfatherbecausehedidn'tcompletehisdegree.

(

)3.Darwin'sroomontheshipwascrowdedonlywiththeplantshehadcollected.

(

)4.Darwinthoughtanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments.

(

)F

NG

F

T

5.Therewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislandsbecausetheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.(

)6.MostpeoplebelievedDarwin'stheoryassoonashisbookwaspublished.(

)T

F

Numberthepuzzlepiecesinorder.Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethem.12345Darwinstudied____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswere__________________

_______.

ONHISJOURNEY1variouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironmentsandsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected

verysimilartoeachotherGENERATEIDEAS2Darwinaskedthequestions:Howdiddifferentspecies_____________?

________________________________________________________

________________________cometoexistMaybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?LOOKFORMOREEVIDENCE3DEVELOPIDEAS4OntheGalapagosIsland:Henoticed_______________________________________________

_____________________________.Itseemedthebeaks________________________________________

______________________________________.

thattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislandshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularislandDarwinsuspectedthatthefinches______________________________________________________________________________________andithad_______________________________________.

hadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebeforeslowlyevolvedintomanynewspeciesPROPOSEATHEROY5ThetheoryofEvolution:livingthings,includinghumans,_____________________________________________________.hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflifeRetellthetextaccordingtothedevelopmentofthejourney.Youcanaddmoreinformationfromthepassageifnecessary.Whyweremanypeople“shocked”byDarwin'stheory?WhatkindofpersonwasDarwinaccordingtothepassage?Howdoyouthinkthehumanspecieswillevolveinthefuture?Whathaveyoulearntaboutthespiritofscientificexporation?Howcanthisspirithelpyouinyourlifeandstudies?NowdiscusswhyDarwindidnotpublishthisTheoryofEvolutionuntil1859,abouttwentyyearsafterhisdiscovery.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.Whyweremanypeople“shocked”byDarwin'stheory?WhatkindofpersonwasDarwinaccordingtothepassage?Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametimeandhadnotchangedsince,butDarwin’stheoryproposedthatlivingthins,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife,which,asaresult,shockedmanypeople.Darwinwasadeterminedman.Hehadstrongcuriosityandinterestinscienceandwasgoodatthinkingandmakingdiscoveries.Yourownanswers.3.Howdoyouthinkthehumanspecieswillevolveinthefuture?4.Whathaveyoulearntaboutthespiritofscientificexporation?Howcanthisspirithelpyouinyourlifeandstudies?WhatkindofpersonwasDarwin?Darwinwasadeterminedman.Hehadstrongcuriosityandinterestinscienceandwasgoodatthinkingandmakingdiscoveries.ThesegoodqualitieshelpedDarwinmakesuchalongjourneyfrom1831to1859topursuehisscientificexplorationandfinallypublishedthegreatbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.1.Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.eg

Theairportisabouttenmilesdistantfromthecity.

Thefootballmatchisstillfiveweeksdistant.distantadj.:farawayinspaceortime

遙遠(yuǎn)的，遠(yuǎn)處的;久遠(yuǎn)的eg

AfterthequarrelSueremainedcoldanddistant.JessieisadistantcousinofNora.

Hanknoddedslowly,adistantlookinhiseyes.distantadj.:unfriendly

不友好的

notcloselyrelatedtoyou遠(yuǎn)親的thinkingdeeplyaboutsomethingprivate,ratherthanaboutwhatishappeningaroundyou

心不在焉的，恍惚的，出神的:【拓展】inthedistantpast/future在遙遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去/未來(lái)inthenottoodistantfuture在不久的將來(lái)adistantmemory遙遠(yuǎn)的記憶egOneday,inthedistantfuture,Imightgoandlivein

Europe.Thepresidenthopestovisit

Ireland

inthenottoodistantfuture.ThatlovelysummeronHiltonHeadalreadyfeltlikea

distant

memory.【聯(lián)想】

distance

n.

距離；遠(yuǎn)方翻譯。Sometimesyoucanhearthedistantsoundoffireworksexploding.有時(shí)，您可以聽到遠(yuǎn)處放焰火的聲音。Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.theBeagle是ship的同位語(yǔ)。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞someone進(jìn)行修飾限定，并且who在從句中充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)。WecouldalsosayThecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,neededsomeonewhowouldbenefitfromthechancetovisitcountriesthatwerefarawayandthenunknown.2.Thepersonwho

answeredthecallwasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.(翻譯)響應(yīng)號(hào)召的那個(gè)人并不是船長(zhǎng)的第一選擇。who引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的theperson。eg

College

graduates

should

answer

the

call

to

go

down

to

the

grass-roots

units.He

walked

rapidly

into

the

living-room

to

answer

the

call.answerthecall響應(yīng)號(hào)召；接電話egThis

colour

wasn't

my

first

choice.

I

know

I

wasn't

your

first

choice

for

the

job.

firstchoice:thethingorpersonyoulikebest首選，第一選擇Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.WecouldalsosayOnepersonappliedforthejob,buthewasnotthepersonthatthecaptainwouldhavechosenfirst.3.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.leadto:toresultin(something)

導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)eg

Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.

Hiscarelessnessledtotheaccident.leadto:usedtosaywhereapath,wireetcgoesorwhatplaceisontheothersideofadoor通到，通往，通向eg

Thepathleddowntoasmalllake.

Allroadsleadto

Rome.一句多譯。努力工作就會(huì)成功。Workinghardcanleadtosuccess.Workinghardcanresultinsuccess.egBeethovenisoneofthegreatestcomposersofalltime.貝多芬是有史以來(lái)最偉大的作曲家之一。ofalltime:thathaseverexisted一直，始終4.Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.WecouldalsosayTheyoungmanwearetalkingabouthereisCharlesDarwin.Hewasgeologistandnaturalistandhewasveryinterestedinrocks,plantsandanimals.egThephotographinquestionwastakenlongbeforeImetyou.inquestion:beingdiscussedorconsidered正被討論的，談?wù)撝械摹就卣埂縪utofthequestion不可能的,不值得討論的withoutquestion毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)inquestion:

thereisdoubtaboutit有疑問(wèn)的，被懷疑的egI'mafraidhisworkingabilityisnowinquestion.outofthequestion,inquestion,withoutquestion1)Thoughhehasnevertoldlies,I'mafraidhishonestyisnow________________.2)I'dsaythatJim,whoalwaysscoreshighest,is________________thebestplayeronourteam.3)“Willyoulendmesomemoney?”“I'msorry,butitis__________________.”選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語(yǔ)填空(每個(gè)短語(yǔ)限用一次)。outofthequestion

inquestion

withoutquestion

5.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.(翻譯)達(dá)爾文在南美呆了一段時(shí)間后，他船上的房間里堆滿了他收集的動(dòng)植物標(biāo)本。after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在……之后。becrowdedwith:fullof;filledwith擠滿了……egHotelsarefullybookedandthenarrowstreetsarecrowdedwithwonderfulcostumes.

【拓展】crowdv.擠滿，使……擁擠

n.

人群crowedadj.

擠滿人（物）的;擁擠的crowdin/into

涌入、擠進(jìn)egThecrowdcrowedintothecrowdedtownhall.

人群涌入了擁護(hù)的市政大廳。6.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?adaptto:tograduallychangeyourbehaviourandattitudesinordertobesuccessfulinanewsituation

（使）適應(yīng)，（使）適合egJohnhasnotyetadaptedtotheunusualrulesoftheschool.

Howdotheseinsectsadaptthemselvestonewenvironments?

adaptoneselfto...

使某人自己適應(yīng)……【聯(lián)想】adaptationn.適應(yīng)，改編，改編本adaptableadj.能適應(yīng)的【拓展】beadaptedfrom根據(jù)……改編/改寫beadaptedfor改編/改寫為……egThemoviehasbeen

adaptedfromanovel.Theauthorisgoingtoadapthisplayfortelevision.翻譯下列句子。1)露西努力使自己適應(yīng)這里溫暖濕潤(rùn)的氣候。Lucytriedtoadaptherselftothewarmandwetclimate.2)湯姆移居加拿大后，很適應(yīng)變化。WhenhemovedtoCanada,Tomadaptedtothechangeverywell.3)你喜歡看根據(jù)莫言小說(shuō)改編的電影嗎？

DoyoulikeseeingmoviesadaptedfromthenovelsofMoYan？7.WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalapagos

Islandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyof

new

species,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;強(qiáng)調(diào)句Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that從句,本句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是thebirds,意為:鳥類才是使他最感興趣的。avarietyof:alotofthingsofthesametypethataredifferentfromeachotherinsomeway種種variety前可用great,wide等形容詞來(lái)修飾。e.g.Theislandofferssuchawidevarietyofsceneryandwildlife.【英譯漢】Moreandmorepeoplechoosetoshopinasupermarketasitoffersagreatvarietyofgoods.越來(lái)越多的人喜歡在超市購(gòu)物，因?yàn)槌心芴峁案鞣N各樣的”商品。8.Darwinsuspected

thatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，做suspected的賓語(yǔ)。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞ancestor,并在其引導(dǎo)的從句中做主語(yǔ)。

hadevolved是過(guò)去完成時(shí),其結(jié)構(gòu)是“had+過(guò)去分詞”。suspectv.

:tothinkthatsomethingisprobablytrue,especiallysomethingbad猜想，懷疑，覺得〔尤指覺得壞事可能是事實(shí)〕egIhavenoreasontosuspectherhonesty.

Shestronglysuspectedthathewaslyingtoher.suspectn.

:

someonewhoisthoughttobeguiltyofacrime〔犯罪〕嫌疑人，可疑分子

adj.

notlikelytobecompletelytrue

可疑的;不可信任的;不可靠的egThesuspectisbeingheldatthepolicestationforquestioning.Someoftheevidencetheyproducedwashighlysuspect.1.Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.

本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)：

Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其余部分當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)，可用who代替that。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等，但是通常不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂誤和定語(yǔ)。eg

ItisTomthat/whoisinchargeoftheclass.

Itwasattheageof18thatheshowedinterestinsports.

ItisteathatI