考點30閱讀理解同義精圖題（重難題型）

歷年來高考試題中的生詞量有增無減。《教學大綱》要求學生“讀懂生詞率不超過3%的傳記、故事、

記敘文、科普小品文和有關社會文史知識等不同題材的材料。''在英語閱讀訓練和測試中的生詞障礙往往會

成為學生理解的“絆腳石”，這些“絆腳石''的出現(xiàn)大致分五類：1.舊詞新義，考查詞匯表中未出現(xiàn)的詞義；

如：NearbyistheIndianapolisracecourse,wherethenation'smostfamouscarraceisheldeachyearonMay30lh.

我們學過course的意思是''過程，課程”等，在此顯然不符句意，根據(jù)上下文course是汽車賽舉行的地方，

可推斷course在該句是“車道”或“跑道”的意思。2.合成詞、轉(zhuǎn)化詞與派生詞，如shoplifting,heartbroken,

computer-literate,decision-thinking,imperfect等；3.“靈活”的常用詞增多,這些詞必須根據(jù)具體的上下文

語境才能正確理解；4.“新鮮”的外國人名、地名、專有名稱增多，這些詞有些帶有一定的文化背景5.超

綱生詞。

有的學生在閱讀訓練和測試中存在著“生詞恐懼心理”，一遇到生詞就有讀不下去的感覺。那么閱讀理解

時遇到大量生詞該怎么辦？查詞典當然是排除詞義障礙的一種方法，當然這只有在平常的閱讀訓練中才可

以使用。但是，頻繁的查閱詞典既影響閱讀速度，又容易破壞學生閱讀的思路和興趣。況且，一詞多義是

英語詞匯的主要特點，詞典不一定能為學生提供單詞在特定的上下文中的具體或確切的含義。平時的練習

中遇到生詞不要馬上查詞典，可以通過一定的方法來猜測理解。猜測詞義不僅是一項閱讀技巧，也是高考

閱讀能力考查的一個方面，每年在高考閱讀中都有猜測詞義的試題.掌握正確方法快速而又準確地猜測出

生詞的含義，對?提高閱讀速度和答題效率相當重要。

該類題常見的考查形式有：

1.Thephrase"…”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby.

2.Theword"intheparagraphrefersto.

3.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?/Whatdoes（heunlinedwordmean?

4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase

5.Theword"...”mostnearlymeans.

對此類試題，考生應該進行大膽猜測，但這種猜測不是胡亂的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。

下面介紹幾種常見的猜測詞義的方法供同學們加以運用。

1.構詞法猜詞

閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞C掌握構詞法對猜測詞義很有幫助。如：

unforeseeable.這個詞,可以根據(jù)構詞法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是詞根，fore是“先,前，預”

的含義，un是否定，able是“能...的，可的”,因此unforeseeable是“未能預見到的”意思。

（2021?云南昆明?三模）Bangladesh'sfloatinggardens,builttcgrowfoodduringfloodseasons,couldoffera

continuoussolutionforpartsof（heworldwhicharelikelytosufferfromfloodingbecauseofclimatechange,anew

studyhasfound.

Bangladesh'sfloatinggardensbeganhundredsofyearsago.Thegardensarcmadefromnativeplantsthatfloat

intheriversandoperatealmostlikerafts（筏），risingandfillingwiththewalers.Historically,（heywereusedto

continuegrowingfoodduringrainyseasonswhenriverswerefilledwithwater.

Thefarmerslayertheplantsaboutthreefeetdeep,creatingaversionofraised-bedgardensthatfloatinthe

water.Then,theyplantvegetablesinsidethoserafts.Astheraft-plantsrotaway,theyreleasenutrients,whichhelp

feedthevegetableplants.

Butasclimatechangeaffectedthevolumeofwaterinthoserivers,theresearcherswantedtounderstand

whetherBangladesh'sfloatinggardenscouldbeacontinuousfarmingpractice.Theyinterviewedfarmingfamilies

andfoundstrongevidencethatfloatinggardensprovidestability,bothintheamountoffoodavailabletofcedrural

populationsandinafarmingfamily'sincome.

Theyfound（hatfarmerstypicallyusehybrid（雜交）seeds,whichmustberepurchasedeachyear,togrowa

diverserangeofvegetablesinthefloatinggardens.Thegardensarealsosensitivetopests,sofarmersendup

spendingsomemoneyonbothpesticidesandfertilizers.Butevenwiththoseexpenses,theyfound,benefits

outweighedcosts.Onefarmertoldtheresearchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuchmoneyfromthe

gardensasfromtraditionalricefields.

However,beforegainingprofits,farmersoftentakeouthigh-interestloans（貸款）tocovertheinvestment

costsoffillingthebedsandstockingthemwithplants.Luckily;therearcalsolowcr-intcrcstloansfromresponsible

governmentornon-govcrnmcntalorganizations,whichcouldcasethatburden.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outweighed”inparagraph5mean?

A.Affected.B.Brought.C.Beat.D.Equaled.

3.【答案】C

［解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“Onefarmertoldtheresearchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuch

moneyfromthegardensasfromtraditionalricefields.”可知，一位農(nóng)民告訴研究小組，他從菜園中賺到的錢是

從傳統(tǒng)稻田中賺到的錢的四倍，故此處想表達的是即使農(nóng)民最終會在殺蟲劑和肥料上花一些錢，但是收益

也會大于成木。故outweighed意為“大于”。故選C項。

2.利用同義近義詞猜詞

在生詞所出現(xiàn)的上下文中，有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結構，這時可從熟悉的詞語中推知生

詞的含義。統(tǒng)稱在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or,這些詞語或短語在句中作相同的成分，并且and或

or連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此確定同等關系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，甚至推出它

的大致詞義。

【2022全國乙卷C篇】

Canasmallgroupofdrones（無人機）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,help

railwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfiitureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky”

technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎設施）worldwideare

safefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarcalreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamething

toinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailv/aytracksand

switchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-time

performancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（府i效）acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.Itis

calculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,including

sendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerouswork（hat

couldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghighcr-valucservicesforrailways,detecting

faultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon't

needtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbe

movingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.Verysmalldroneswithadvanced

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfiirfarmersandletgointothewild.'Theecosystemdowntherecan't

handle(hisnon-nalivespecies(物種j.It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.ItJsthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,an

expertinthisfield.

Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sized

animalsmultipliedlikecrazy.

BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethat

nutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,00()nutria(ailsayear,sopartof

Mouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.

Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays,"Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoption

thattheycanwearwithoutsomeonezhrowingpaintonthem-1thinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastherein

NewYork,^^DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafur

forhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtoconicupwitha:abletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitis

eco-friendly.

30.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“collapsed“inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.

【答案】30.D

【解析】30.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutria

collapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠受到了幾十年的

控制，但是當海貍鼠市場在20世紀80年代末崩潰時，這種貓大小的動物數(shù)量瘋長，根據(jù)but判斷，這是轉(zhuǎn)

折關系，以前由于皮毛交易，海貍鼠處于控制，現(xiàn)在這種海貍鼠之所以能夠數(shù)量激增，是由于市場不再銷

售海貍鼠皮毛導致的，可以推斷出劃線詞collapsed是和D.crashed倒閉的意思最相近。故選D。

4.利用上下文語境猜詞

任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有關。利用上

下文提供的情景和線索，進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進而推測詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關鍵，這也是近年

來高考考查的熱點。

【2022年1月浙江卷A篇】

Fornearlyadecadenow,Mcrebcthhasbeenaself-employedpeltransportspecialist.Herpcttransportjobwas

bornofthefinancialcrisis（危機）inthelate2000s.Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地產(chǎn)）firmwhereshehad

workedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,while

drivingnearherhonie,shesawadogwanderingontheroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenver

agreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomefbrsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn'ttakelongforMerebethtodecideto

drivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.

Merebelh'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesherwanderlust.IthastakenhertoeveryslateintheUSexcept

Montana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwith

transportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavy

floodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.

Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfathenshesays.HemovectheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhen

shewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.Assoonasshegraduatedfromhigh

schoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniancoast.awayfromherparents,wheresheenjoyeda

lifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.

Itturnsout（hatpeltransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30,000peryearbefore（ax.Shedoesn'tworkin

summer,asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar,evenwithairconditioning.Asautumncomes,she

getsrestlessthesameoldwanderlustreturning.It'sacallshemusthandlealone,though.Merebethsays/'WhcnI'm

ontheroad.I'mjustinmyownworld.I'vealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImusthelp

animals."

22.Theword“wanderlust"inparagraph2meansadesireto?

A.makemoney.B.tryvariousjobs.

C.beclosetonature.D.traveltodifferentplaces.

22.【答案】D

［解析］猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第一段ithastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,Washingtonand

Oregon,shesaysproudly.意思為：她很驕傲的說，這個工作帶她到了全美國除蒙大拿,華盛頓，俄勒岡以外的所

有的州?？芍?，她很喜歡到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather,shesays.

HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexplorea

newplacetogether.遺傳自她的父親也喜歡探索新地方。故答案選D。

[2022年新高考2卷B篇】

Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon't

evenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,it^justnormal.

ThishilhomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.I

hadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.

Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecansecthepictures.AsIread,he

reachesoutandpokes（戳）thepagewithhisfinger.

What'supwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageandcontinued.Hepokedthe

pageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Istheresomethingwrongwiththiskid?

ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedthe

boywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpictures（hatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.He

thoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.

Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.Ifsanoutdated,lifelessthing.Anantique,likeyour

grandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butI'mnothopelesslychallenged,digitallyspeaking.Ieditvideoandproduce

audio.Iusemobilepayment.Eveevenbuiltwebsites.

There'sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:I'vespentlittletimeinfrontofacamera,

sinceIhaveafacemadefbrradio.Butthatdidn'tstopChinaDailyfromaskingmelastweektoshareapersonal

storyforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationofBeijing,TianjinandHebeiprovince.

Anyway,grandpaisnowaninternetstar-twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletitgotomyhead.ButI

willmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet.

4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords**hithomefbrme"meaninparagraph2?

A.Providedshelterforme.B.Becameverycleartome.

C.Tookthepressureoffme.D.Workedquitewellonme.

4.【答案】B

［解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第?段”Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimedia

tools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,il'sjustnormal.”以及畫線詞后文“asIwassitting

withmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.“可知,作者是記者，生活在一個講故事

的新時代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識到它是新的。對他們來說，這很正常。而這

在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認識到了這一點。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚故選

Bo

5.利用定義和解釋猜詞

有些文章，特別是科技文章，通常會對一些關鍵詞給予定義，我們可以利用定義來猜測這些詞的意思。

釋義法就是根據(jù)文章中的字里行間，對生詞以定語（從句）、表語甚至用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并

加以解釋說明的方式。

【2020年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（天津卷）（第一次），C]

Transporthasalottoanswerforwhenitcomestoharmingtheplanet.Whilecarsandtrainsaremovingtowards

greener,electricpower,emissionsfromair（ravelareexpectedtoincreasemassivelyby2050.Ifwewantbiggreen

skysolutions,weneedblueskythinkingFortunately,there'splentyofthathappeningrightnow,particularlythe

short-haulflightspoweredbybatteries.

HarbourAiristhelargestseaplaneairlineinNorthAmerica,flying30,（）00commercialflightsin40seaplaneseach

year.Significantly,allHarbourAirrouteslastlessthan30minutes,makingitperfectlyfitforelectricengines."Asan

airline,we'recurrentlyintheprocessofturningallourplanesintoelectricairplanes,saysCEOGregMeDougall.To

makethishappen,theairlinehaspartneredupwithMagniXtocreatetheworldsfirstcommercialflightwithan

electricengine.

Makingtheskieselectricisn'tjustgoodfortheenvironment,italsomakessoundfinancialsense:asmallaircraftuses

$400onconventionalfuelfora100-mileflight,whileanelectriconecosts$8-12forthesamedistance,andthat's

beforeyoufactorinthehighermaimenancecostsofatraditionalengine.There'salsotheaddedbonusthatelectric

planesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise,nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyfriendly

peaceandquiet.

Whiletherehasbeenrealprogressinthee-planeindustry,thetechnicalchallengesthatremainarekeepingeveryone's

feetfirmlyontheground.Abattery,evenalithiumone,onlyprovides250watt-hoursperkilogram;comparethisto

liquidfuel,whichhasaspecificenergyof1k890watt-hoursperkilogram.Carryingadequatebatteries,however,

wouldmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.Inaircraft,whereeverybitofweightcounts,thiscan'tjustbe

ignored.

Thetransition（過渡）fromgastoelectricintheautomobileindustryhasbeenmadeeasierbyhybrids-vehicles

pov/eredbybothfuelandelectricity.Manybelievethesamepatterncouldbefollowedintheair.Fuelconsumption

couldbereducedastheelectriccomponentisswitchedonatkeypartsofthejourney,especiallyontake-offand

landing.

It'scertainlyanexcitinglimefbrelectricflying.WithcompanieslikeHarbourAirtakingthelead,battery-powered

planes,especiallyonshort-hauljourneys,aresettobecomearealityinthenextfewyears.

47.Theexpression"addedbonus"referstothefactthatelectricplanes.

A.givepassengersmorepleasantviews

B.bringairlinesmorefinancialbenefits

C.offermoreenjoyableflyingexperiences

D.costlessinmaintenancethantraditionalones

【答案】47.C

【解析】47.猜測詞義題。根據(jù)下文thatelectricplanesarcjustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise,

nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.可知，電動飛機沒有發(fā)動機的噪音，沒有燃油的

味道，只有環(huán)保的寧靜等優(yōu)點，因此為乘坐電動飛機的乘客提供更愉快的飛行體驗。所以addedbonus指的

是乘客獲得的更愉快飛行體驗的額外收獲。故選Co

6.根據(jù)語義轉(zhuǎn)折猜詞

有時文章的作者為了增強表達效果，會用一些含有表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，副詞或短語。如：though,

although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,ratherthan,

foronething,foranother等，我們可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折意思猜測詞義。

【2020年山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國【卷），D]

AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureating

companionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwith

heavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份），it'sthebeanDoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.

Tolesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95

undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalab（oostensibly（表面Ijparlicipaleinastudyaboutmovie

viewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbythe

researchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworea

speciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmore

foodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,she

took30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymore

candywhenthethinactortook30pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellow

participantisgoingtocatmore,sowillI.Callitthe"I'Hhavewhatshe'shaving^^effect.However,welladjustthe

influence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion.I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseating

habits.Butifa（hinpersoneatsalot.I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?

13.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?

A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.

C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.

【答案】13.D

【解析】13.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前半句Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwith

heavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，現(xiàn)有的研究認為：你應該避免和體重較重、點大份飯

菜的人一起吃飯。后半句認為，你真正應該避免的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetiteso由contrarylo可推斷出，

畫線詞和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，結合選項，D選項（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好

相反。故選D。

7.利用經(jīng)驗和常識猜詞

…"Iwasonthewaytoapcrsonal-injuiyaccidentinWestNashville.AsIgotontoHighway40,bluelights

andsirens（警笛）going,IfellinbehindagoldPontiacFirebirdthatsuddenlyseemedtotakeoffquicklydownthe

highway.Thedriversomehowpanickedatthesightofme.Hewasgoingmorethanahundredmilesanhourand

beganpassingcarsontheshouldcr.^^

63.Themeaningof“panicked”inParagraph2isrelatedto.

A.shameB.hateC.angerD.fear

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容描述，可以知道panicked意思是“驚慌”，相當于fear。

Passage1

(2021?安徽合肥?三模)InthemagnificentrangeofmountainsofnorthernCalifornia,42radiotelescopes

pointtowardsthestars,scanningforsignsoflife.TheSearchfbrExtraterrestrialIntelligence(SETI)Institutehas

beenlisteningforasignalheresinceitwasfoundedin1984.JillTarter,itsco—founder,saystheprogrammedaim

isnotjusttocommunicatewithremotecivilisations.Itisalsotoremindhumanbeingsofitsownmodest,fragile

(脆弱的)placeintheuniverse.Thus,forthefirsttime,SETIiscockingitscartowardsEarthtolookfbrasignal

(hatcanbesentintospacetorepresent(hespecies.

FelipePerezSantiago,aMexicanmusicianandcomposer,hasanideaofwhatmightwork.Sincesongs,like

thehumanvoices,arecommontoalllanguagesandnations,heandMs.Tarterhavedesignedthe“Earthling

Projecf'-acalltopeopleeverywheretouploadextracts(精華)ofsongthatheplanstomeltintoacollectivehuman

chorus.Aninitialcompositionwillbelaunchedintospacethissummer,recordedonavirtuallyindestructibledisk.

FutureplansanddreamsincludeaneventuallandingonMars.

Humanmusichasbeensenttoiheheavensin1977.DistantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoyPeruvian

panpipes,aNavajochant,Bach,Beethovenandmore.Butnopreviousoffering,andperhapsnocomposition

undertakenanywhere,hastried(oencomDass(heentirediversityofhumansong.

Mr.Santiagosaysheisthrilledaboutbringingtogethercontribucorsfromaroundtheglobe.Unlikeother

recordingssentintospace,saysMr.Santiago,^Everyone'sinvited.Youdon'thavetobeoneofthemamcomposers

ofourhistorylikeBeethoven,justsomeonesingingintheirshower."Downloadthe“EarthlingProject*'app,sing

uptothreesongsof30secondseach,andyourvoicewillbesentintothesky.

I.WhydoesSETIlookforasignaltobesentintospace?

A.Tostandforspeciesontheearth.

B.lbscanforotherliveableplanets.

C.Tbrespond（othecalloftheuniverse.

D.Tostresstheimportanceoftheearth.

2.Whatcanweinferaboutthe''EarthlingProject”？

A.Itisaworldmusicorganization.

B.Itintendstocreateahumanchorus.

C.Ittriestodevelopauniversallanguage.

D.Itaimstosearchforsignalsfromspace.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword^encompass"inParagraph3mean?

A.Include.B.Appreciate.

C.Workout.D.Relateto.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Toinspirepeopletobecomecomposers.

B.Tbcallonpeopletoprotectourplanet.

C.Toencouragepeopletoexplorespace.

D.Toinvitepeopletojoinaprogramme.

【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。介紹了FelipePerezSanliag。和Tarter女士設計了“地球計戈『'——號召世界各

地的人們上傳歌曲的片段，將這些歌曲融合成人類的集體合唱，代表地球上物種的聲音被發(fā)送到太空。

I.【答案】A

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段最后一句“Thus,forIhefirsttime,SETIiscockingitseartowardsEarthtolookfor

asignalthatcanbesentintospacetorepresentthespecies."（SETI首次向地球豎起耳朵，尋找可以送入太空的

代表物種的信號。）可知，SETI尋找信號發(fā)送到太空是為了代表地球上的物種的聲音。故選A項。

2.【答案】B

［解析］推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句"Sincesongs,likethehumanvoices,arecommontoalllanguagesand

nations,heandMs.Tarterhavedesignedthe“EarthlingProjcctM-acalltopeopleeverywheretouploadextractsof

songthatheplanstomeltintoacollectivehumanchorus.”（因為歌曲,就像人類的聲音，對所有語言和國家

來說都是共通的，他和塔特女士設計了“地球計戈——號召世界各地的人們上傳歌曲的片段，他計劃將這些

歌曲融合成人類的集體合唱。）可知，地球計劃打算創(chuàng)造一個人類的合唱。故選B項。

3.【答案】A

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第二句"DistantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoyPeruvianpanp.pes,aNavajo

chant,Bach,Beethovenandmore/5（遙遠的生物理論上已經(jīng)可以欣賞秘魯?shù)呐藕崱⒓{瓦霍的圣歌、巴赫、貝

多芬等。）可知，被送到太空的音樂類型很多。再根據(jù)劃線詞所在句的But,可以判斷之前的作品沒能包含

人類歌曲的多樣性，故由此可知劃線詞詞義為“包含”，選A項。

4.【答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段最后一句"Downloadthe“EarthlingProject"叩p,singuptothreesongsof30

secondseach,andyourvoicewillbesentintothesky."（卜載"地球計劃”應用程序,唱三首歌,每首歌30秒，

你的聲音就會被發(fā)送到太空中。）可知，本段的目的是邀請讀者參加地球計劃。故選D項。

Passage2

（2021,江蘇鹽城?三模）During（heCOVID-19pandemic,Juliabeganhersecondyearasafirstgradeteacher

inanonlineclassroom.OneSeptemberafternoon,shereceivedacallfromandCynthia,whowashavingtechnical

difficultieswithhergranddaughter'stoolsforonlinelearning.

JuliaimmediatelyknewsomethingwaswrongwithCynthia.TheIwowomenhadspokenmanytimesbefore,

butJuliahadneverheardshesoundedlikethis.HerwordsweresojumbledthatJuliacouldbarelyunderstandher.

Juliacalledherheadmaster,Charlie,whoconvincedherthathewouldcallandcheckonCynthiahimself.

JustlikeJulia,CharliecouldbarelyunderstandCynthia.Hesuspectedshemightbehavingastroke（中風）一

herecognizedthesignsfromwhenEisownfatherhadsufferedone.Charlieimmediatelybecameconcernedthat

Cynthia'stwograndchildren,agessixandeight,wereprobablyhomealonewithherandscared.Charlieaskedhis

officemanagertosendanambulancetothegrandmother'shome.

ThequickresponsefromJuliaandCharliesavedCynthia'slife.Shearrivedatthehospitalintimetoget

treatmentbefbrelong-termdamageoccurred.Thankstoanextendedstayinthehospital,shehasregainedmostof

themovemenlthroughoutherbodyexceptforonehandandaregionofhermouth.

'TmproudofthepeopleIworkwith,thattheyrespondedsoquicklyandthatitdidmakeadiflerenceto

Cynthia,“saysJulia."Iamsopleasedtobepartofsuchacaringcommunity."Buttheschool'scrisisresponseis

onlyonepieceofthecommunity'sextraordinaryeffortstohelpCynthiaandhergranddaughters.Anotherfamily

withyoungchildrentookinthetwogirls.

Virtuallearninghasbeenachallengeacrossthecountry,butit'sfairtosaythatithashelpedthecommunity

growcloser.Manyteacherstheregavetheirpersonalphonenumberstostudentsandfamiliesincasetheyneeded

extrahelp.Inthiscase,theexchangewasliterallylife-altering.

5.CynthiacalledJuliainorderto.

A.complainaboutthepoorcontenlsofonlinelearning

B.consultabouthergranddaughtersacademicperformance

C.seeksomehelptorlackofcertaintechnicalknowledge

D.volunteerherservicesasateacherinanonlineclassroom

6.Theunderlinedword“jumbled”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.

A.brief

B.unclear

C.gentle

D.impolite

7.IlowdidCharliedecidethatCynthiamighthavesufferedastroke?

A.Byrecallinghisownprevioussufferingsfromthedisease.

B.Byusinghisprofessionalknowledgetoformthejudgment.

C.BycombiningJulia'scallwiththegranddaughters'description.

D.Byidentifyingthesymptomsthatastrokepatientmayhave.

8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvirtualleaning?

A.Ithascausedmuchinconveniencetoparents.

B.Itwillbringaboutunavoidableleakofprivacy.

C.1（hasprovidedmore