備戰(zhàn)2022年高考英語閱讀理解專項突破

技能4主旨大意題

解題指導(dǎo)素養(yǎng)提升

題型特點

主旨大意題要求高、難度大，是閱讀理解中考生最容易失分的題目,此類試題不僅要求考生有略讀文

章、領(lǐng)會大意的能力，還要求考生具有較強的判斷、推理、歸納和分析問題的能力。主旨大意題一般包括：

文章標(biāo)題、文章主旨和段落大意。

正確選項特征

1.涵蓋性強，覆蓋全文或全段。

2.范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太寬泛，也不片面。

3.精確性強，不會改變原文表意的程度及感情色彩。

干擾選項特征

1.過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云：所給選項內(nèi)容概括的范圍過大，超出文章所述內(nèi)容。

2.以偏概全，主次不分：所給選項只涵蓋文章的部分內(nèi)容，與原文只有部分交集，或以文中的細(xì)節(jié)信息或

個別詞作為選項內(nèi)容，或以次要內(nèi)容充當(dāng)主要內(nèi)容。

3.移花接木，偷換概念：所給選項把A的內(nèi)容放在B上。

4.無中生有，生搬硬套：所給選項的內(nèi)容看似與原文相關(guān)，實則無關(guān)。

典例剖析

標(biāo)題歸納題

規(guī)律技巧：記敘文、說明文和議論文所沙及的不同話題閱讀材料都會考查到標(biāo)題歸納。一般文章的標(biāo)題可

根據(jù)主題句來判斷，但在某些文章中，如記敘文，沒有明確的主題句，需要根據(jù)文中的事實細(xì)節(jié)，查找“主

線”，歸納標(biāo)題。好標(biāo)題要有概括性、針對性（覆蓋全文大意）和醒目。

I真題典例1]（2021?全國乙C篇）

You'veheardthatyear.Butispollutingtheoceansbetween4.8andI2.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystems

everyyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadiffcrence?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyouto

knowthatitdocs.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage.forcingviewerstoreexaminetheir

relationshiptosingleuseplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececallcduStrawpocalypsc,"apairoflOfbottallplastic

waves,frozenmidcrash.Madeof168.OCX）plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachclcanupsjhe

sculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplastic

pollution,butthey'verecentlyeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand.becauseoftheir

smallsizeandweightjheycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefroma

drinkthatsomeoneusedfbronlyafewminutes.Once（hedrinkisgonejhestrawwilltakecenturies（odisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload's

worthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titlcd44TruckloadofPlastic,"VonWongandagroupofvolunteers

collectedmorethan10,00（）piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（傾

倒）Fromatruckallatonce.

VbnWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigpaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.

31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext選項出處

A.Artists*OpinionsonPlasticSafety一段③句、二段①句

B.MediaInterestinContempora^Art原文未提

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigpanies五段①句

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedin:oSculptures全文

I路徑一］從問（題干）的角度解答一如何得出正解

第I、2步：題干的關(guān)鍵信息為thebesttitleforthetext,要求選出本文的最佳標(biāo)地。這需要從文章主旨入手，

故可跳過前兩步，直接進(jìn)入第3步。

第3步：根據(jù)文章主旨的判定方法，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)本文是一篇說明文，文章首段提到塑料垃圾污染海洋并介紹

了BenjaminVonWong創(chuàng)作塑料雕塑的目的；二段具體介紹了VonWong制作的一件名為“吸管末日”的塑料

雕塑作品，其原材料為從海淀上收集來的塑料吸管；三段表明塑料吸管受到抨擊的原因；四段指出VonWong

用塑料碎片制成的作品“一卡車塑料”來說明每6()秒，就會有相當(dāng)于一卡車載量的塑料進(jìn)入海洋這一數(shù)據(jù)；

五段闡述了VonWong希望其作品能產(chǎn)生一定的影響。綜上所述，本文主要講述了藝術(shù)家VonWong通過創(chuàng)

作塑料雕塑作品來讓人們關(guān)注塑料垃圾的問題，D項是對原文的合理概括，故正確。

［路徑二］從答(選項)的角度解答一如何反向印證，排除干擾防

答案A

第1步:根據(jù)A項的關(guān)鍵詞Artists可定位至一段③句和二段①句。一段③句提到，藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong

想讓你知道它（一根塑料吸管或一個塑料杯）的確會產(chǎn)生影響;二段①句提到，這位藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作了一件名為“吸

管末日”的作品。這兩處均未提及藝術(shù)家對塑料安全的看法，故排除A項。第2、3步：略

答案B

B項所述內(nèi)容無法在原文中獲取定位，且原文并未提及媒體對當(dāng)代藝術(shù)的興趣的相關(guān)信息，故排除。

答案C

第I步：根據(jù)C項的關(guān)鍵信息Bigpanies可定位至五段①句。該句提到，VonWong希望他的花品也能給一

些大公司施加壓力以減少它們對塑料制品的使用量，這只是VonWong對其作品的一個期望，且并未提及大

公司需要承擔(dān)的責(zé)任，故排除CIR。第2、3步：略

答案D

第I、2步：D項的關(guān)鍵詞Ocean,Plastics和Sculptures在文章中多次出現(xiàn)，無法準(zhǔn)確定位。因該題要求選出

本文的最佳標(biāo)題，需從文章主旨入手，故跳過前兩步，直接進(jìn)入第3步。第3步：根據(jù)上表路徑第3步

對文章主旨的分析可知，本文主要介紹了藝術(shù)家VonWong通過創(chuàng)作塑料雕塑作品來讓人們關(guān)注塑料垃圾問

題，D項是對原文的合理概括，故正確。

段落大意題

規(guī)律技巧2:有時可根據(jù)段落結(jié)構(gòu)，直接找出主題句。若該段是按“總一分”順序組織，主題句常在段首；若

按“分一總”順序組織，主題句常在段尾；若按“分一總一分”順序組織，主題句常在段落中間；段落無主題句

的，可通過一些關(guān)鍵詞或相似結(jié)構(gòu)歸納出段落主題句。

［真題典例2］（2021?全國乙B篇節(jié)選）

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobile

phone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecalls

anywhere.anylime.

24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones選項出處

A.Theirtargetusers.原文未提

B.Theirwidepopularity.二段

C.Thcirmajorfunctions.原文未提

D.Thcirplexdesign.原文未提

［路徑一1從問（題干）的角度解答一一如何得出正解

第I、2步：題干的關(guān)鍵信息為paragraph2和mobilephones,詢問二段整體揭示的有關(guān)手機的內(nèi)容。這需要從

A.Seekknowledge.B.Thinkcritically

C.Besocial.D.Solveproblems.

4.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.LearningonlyhappensinschoolB.Alwaystrusttheexperts

C.Il'stoooldtolearn.D.Seeproblemsaschallenges.

5.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.LearningcanbefunB.Learningisuseless

C.MakesuretobeagoodlearnerD.Learningislife

【答案】

I.A2.B3.C4.D5.D

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。主要講述要終身學(xué)習(xí)和其重要性，以及講述了如何做到終身學(xué)習(xí)，并告誡讀者要活到老

學(xué)到老，學(xué)習(xí)就是生活。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tobealifelonglearnercanhelpyougetrichknowledgetofacenewchallenges.It's

helpfultoimproveyourself.（成為終身學(xué)習(xí)者可以幫助你獲得豐富的知識來面對新的挑戰(zhàn)。這有助于提高你自

己廠可知，終身學(xué)習(xí)很重要是因為這有助于提高你自己。故選A。

2.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線后的句子“Alwaysusealotofwaystoselectusefulinformationforquestionsandgive

yourownjudgment.Thinkinotherperspectives（角度）.Don'tsimply（rustwhatexpertssay.（總是使用許多方法為

問題選擇有用的信息，并給出自己的判斷。從不同角度看問題。不要總是相信專家說的話）”可知，這是告訴

讀者要批判性地思考問題。由此可知，劃線詞意為“批判性地故選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中所給的三條建議“Seekknowledge"、“Thinkcritically”以及“Solveproblems”可知,C

選項：Besocial沒有提到。故選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段“Alwaysseeproblemsaschallengesandnewexperiences.（總是把問題看作是

挑戰(zhàn)和新的經(jīng)歷）“可知，D選項：Seeproblemsaschallenges.（把問題當(dāng)成挑戰(zhàn)）正確。故選D。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Infact,youarelearningallthetime.It,scalledlifelonglearning.（實際上,你一直

在學(xué)習(xí)o這被稱之為終身學(xué)習(xí)）”以及最后一段“Remember:It'snevertoolatetolearnandit'snevertoooldto

learn.Learningislife.（iil1±：活到老學(xué)到老。學(xué)習(xí)就是生活）”可知,這篇文章主要講述要終身學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)習(xí)就

是生活。故選D。

Passage2(2021?全國?高考真題)

Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeonto

something.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanew

study

Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweeninages(圖彳象)ofthesamepersonmakingeither

ahappyoranangrytace.Duringthe(rainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhaltorthelowerhaltotthe

person'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'ability(odistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsby

showingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.The

researchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnoses

moreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.

Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduring

trainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepictures

basedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthat

(hesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleapplies

toanangrymouthhaving(hesamemeaningasangryeyes."

"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhuman

facialexpressions,"MullertoldLiveScience.

Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacial

expressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstcbethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwith

humans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthem

withmanychancestoleamtodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.

6.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan.

A.distinguishshapesB.makesenseofhumanfaces

C.feelhappyorangryD.municatewitheachother

7.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?

A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.

B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.

C.Picturesusedin(hetwostagesv/eredifferent

D.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethelest.

8.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.

C.AmajorlimitationofthestudyD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.

【答案】

6.B7.C8.B

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。一項研究證明狗能夠識別人類的面部表情，但目前還不清楚它們?yōu)槭裁从羞@種能力，可

能的原因是它們長時間與人類共同生活工

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Researcherstrainedagroupof11cogstodistinguishbetweenimagesofthesame

personmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.（研究人員訓(xùn)練了11只狗來區(qū)分同一個人臉上的表情是高興還是

憤怒）”可知，該新研究的關(guān)注點是狗是否能夠區(qū)分人的面部表情。故選B。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogv/asshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalf

oftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressions

byshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceorimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.（在訓(xùn)

練階段，每只狗只看到人臉的上半部分或下半部分。研究人員隨后測試了狗辨別人類面部表情的能力，向

狗展示了人的另一半面部或與訓(xùn)練中使用的完全不同的圖像）”可知，在訓(xùn)練和測試階段，狗看的照片是不一

樣的。故選

8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后?段的““Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirliving

withhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,andthisexposurehaspiovidedthem

withmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweentheni'Mullersaid.（Muller說：“對我們來說，最可能的解釋似

乎是，基于他們與人類生活在一起，這讓他們有很多機會接觸人類的面部表情，而這種接觸為他們提供了

很多機會，讓他們學(xué)會區(qū)分他們?！皯艨芍?，最后一段主要講述了狗能夠辨別人類面部表情的可能原因。故

選B。

Passage3（2021?遼寧?模擬預(yù)測）

Scientistshaveassessed78mountainglacicrbascdwatersystemsaroundtheworldandrankedtheAsianwater

towersasthemostthreatened,accordingtoarecentlypublishedstudyinthejournalNature.

Scientistsrankedtheimportanceofthewatersystemstoneighbouringlowlandmunitieswhileassessingthe

vulnerability（脆弱性）tofutureenvironmentalandsocioeconomicchanges.Thesewatersystems,knownas

mountainwatertowers,storeandtransportwaterviaglaciers,snowpacks,lakesandstreams,thereforesupplying

invaluablewaterresourcesto1.9billionpeopleglobally.

Thescientistsanalyzedthevariousfactorsthatinfluencedhowindependentdownstreammuniticswereupon

thesuppliesofwaterfromthesesystems.Theyalsoassessedeachwatertowertodeterminethevulnerabilityofthe

waterresources,aswellasthepeopleandecosystemsthatdependedonthem,basedonpredictionsoffuture

climateandsocioeconomicchanges.Thepapersaidthatglobalwatertowersareatriskduetothethreatsofclimate

change,growingpopulationsandmismanagementofwaterresources.

Amongthe78globalwatertowersidentified,AsianwatertowersthatrelyonriversystemsintheThirdPole

regionwererankedasthemostthreatenedwatertowers.

“IftemperaturesincreasetwodegreesCelsiusglobally,theAsianwatertowerscouldseeatemperaturehikeas

highasfourdegreesCelsius,“saidProf.YaoTandong,ascientistfromtheChineseAcademyofSciencesandalsoa

coauthoroftheresearch,addingthatby2060to2070,risingtcmpcraiurcsduetoclimatechangecouldleadto

everstrongerglacierreductionintheregion.

Since2014,anetworkof11monitoringstationshasbeensetupacrosstheThirdPoleregiontotrack

meteorological（氣象的）variables,suchasairtemperature,humidity,airpressure,precipitation（降水量）and

winds,accordingtoamempublishedinNatureearlierthisyear.Dataneedstobeexpandedon（hewatercycleby

measuringthestableisotopes（同位素）ofhydrogenandoxygeninwatervapor.

9.Howdidthescientistsdotheresearch?

A.Byidentifyingandsorting.

B.Byanalyzingandassessing.

C.Byinquiringandparing.

D.Bydevelopingandtestingsystems.

10.Whatinfluence（s）theAsianwatertowersdirectlyaccordingtoYaoTandong?

A.Lakesandstreams.

B.Risingtemperatures.

C.Airpressureandwind.

D.Mismanagementofwaterresources.

11.Whydomonitoringstationsneed（omeasurethestableisotopes?

A.Totrackwalercycle.

B.Toassesswaterquality.

C.Totestoxygencontentinwater.

D.lbfigureouthowmuchwaterislost.

12.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Asianwatertowersrankedthemostthreatened

B.TheThirdPoleregionhasaffectedmanypeople

C.Asianwatertowersrelyonmanywaterresources

D.Scientistsmakesomepredictionsofthefutureclimatechanges

【答案】

9.B10.B11.A12.A

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述J'因為氣候的變化、人口增長和水資源管理不善，全球范圍內(nèi)以山地冰川

為基礎(chǔ)的水系統(tǒng)受到了很大的影叩J,其中亞洲水塔受到的威脅最大。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thescientistsanalyzedthevariousfactorsthatinfluencedhowindependent

dov/nstreammunitieswereuponthesuppliesofwaterfromthesesystems.Theyalsoassessedeachwaterlowerto

detenninethevulnerabilityof（hewaterresources,aswellasthepeopleandecosystemsthatdependedon（hem,

basedonpredictionsoffutureclimateandsocioeconomicchanges.（科學(xué)家們分析了影響下游獨立：社區(qū)對這些系

統(tǒng)供水的各種因素。他們還根據(jù)對未來氣候和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的預(yù)測，評估了每座水塔，以確定水資源以及

依賴于這些水塔的人和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的脆弱性）“可知，科學(xué)家們用分析和評估的方式來做研究。故選B。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“IftemperaturesincreasetwodegreesCelsiusglobally,theAsianwatertowers

couldseeatemperaturehikeashighasfourdegreesCelsius（如果全球氣溫升高2攝氏度，亞洲水塔的溫度可能

會升高4攝氏度）”可知，氣溫上升直接影響亞洲水塔。故選B。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Dataneedstobeexpandedonthewatercyclebymeasuringthestableisotopes

ofhydrogenandoxygeninwatervapor.（需要通過測量水蒸氣中氫和氧的穩(wěn)定同位素來擴(kuò)展有關(guān)水循環(huán)的數(shù)

據(jù)廠可知，通過測量水蒸氣中氫氧穩(wěn)定同位素，科學(xué)家們可以監(jiān)測水循環(huán)情況。故選A。

12.主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第?段的“Scientistshaveassessed78mountainglacierbasedwatersystems

aroundtheworldandrankedtheAsianwatertowersasthemostthreatened,accordingtoarecentlypublishedstudy

inthejournal（根據(jù)最近發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的一項研究，科學(xué)家們評估了全球78個以山地冰川為

基礎(chǔ)的水系統(tǒng)，并將亞洲水塔列為受威脅最大的水塔)”和第四段的“Amongthe78globalwatertowers

identified,AsianwatertowersthatrelyonriversystemsintheThirdPoleregionwererankedasthemost

threatenedwatertowers.(在確定的78座全球水塔中，依賴第三極地區(qū)河流系統(tǒng)的亞洲水塔被列為受威脅最嚴(yán)

重的水塔廠可知，再由第2題的分析可知，第五段又提到了亞洲水塔受到的不良影響，因此本文主要講述了

亞洲水塔面臨的威脅，A項“亞洲水塔最受威脅”符合文意。故選A。

Passage4(2021,重慶南開中學(xué)二模)

Aninternationalteamofastronomershaveannouncedthefirstorganizedsearchforalientechnologyinour

ownsolarsystem.TheGalileoProject,ledbyProfessorAviLoebfromHarvardUniversityintheUS,willlookfor

signsofroboticspacecraftfromotherplanets.

Theprojectmightsoundlikesciencefictionbutifsrootedinsciencefact.Manyastronomersbelievethatif

lifeandintelligencehaveevolvedelsewhereinourgalaxy,thenatleastafewaliencivilizationsarelikelytohave

launchedprobestoexploreothersolarsystemsandperhapswatchoverhabitableplanetslikeEarth.

Oneoftheproject'smainaimsistocarryoutascientificstudyofUFOs(unidentifiedflyingobjects).Sinceat

leastthe1940s,manypeoplehavereportedseeingstrangeobjectsorlightsin(heskythatflyinseemingly

impossibleways.Somehaveevenbeencaughionfilm.AlthoughUFOsareunlikelytohavealienpilots,Loeb

suggeststhattheycouldbeintelligentmachinesinvestigatingtheEarhtogatherdata.Sincetheyarehardto

explainfromrarechancesightings,theprojectaimstosetupautomaticnetworksoftelescopestoscantheskies.If

aUFOisspotted,avarietyofverypreciseinstrumentscanthenbeusedtotrackandmeasureit.

Furtherafield,theteamwanttolookforpossiblealienmachinesflyingthroughoursolarsystem.In2017,

scientistswereexcitedwhenOumuamua,a400metrelongobjectfromoutsideoursolarsystem,flewpasttheSunat

highspeed.Mostscientiststhinkitwasanaturaletthatescapedfromitsorbitaroundanotherstar,butbecauseit

wasdiscoveredbychance,therewaslittletimetostudyitindetail.Loebplanstosearchtheskiesforsimilar

visitors,sothatastronomerscanlearnmoreaboutthemandinvestigatewhether(heymightbeartificialratherthan

natural.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“caughtonfilm"inParagraph3probablymean?

A.ShotdownB.PhotographedC.TrippedD.Lookedinto

14.WhatcanweknowaboutUFOsfromthepassage?

A.Alienpilotshavebeenspottedinthem

B.Theyarcstrangeobjectsorlightsinthesky

C.Theymustbespacecraftssearchingourplanetforstatistics

D.Manyaccuratetoolshavebeenappliedtotrackandmeasurethem

15.Thelastparagraphdevelopsmainlyby.

A.makingasummaryB.drawingparisons

C.explainingaconceptD.givinganexample

16.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Asciencefictionwhichisrootedinsciencefact

B.AprojecttolookforhabitableplanetslikeEarth

C.Aprogramtosearchforflyingmachinesfromaliencivilizations

D.AscientificstudyofoursolarsystemcaniedoutbyHarvardUniversity

【答案】

13.B14.B15.D16.C

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。主要講述美國哈佛大學(xué)的AviLoeb教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的伽利略項目要尋找外太空飛行器的項目。

13.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第二句"manypeoplehavereportedseeingstrangeobjectsorlightsintheskythatfly

inseeminglyimpossibleways.（至少從20世紀(jì)40年代開始，許多人報告說，他們看到天空中奇怪的物體或

光線以看似不可能的方式飛行）”推出下一句的意思是“有些甚至被拍了下來“，與photograph含義相近。故

選B項。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UFOs定位到第三段“manypeoplehavereportedseeingstrangeobjectsorlightsinthesky

（hatflyinseeminglyimpossibleways.（至少從20世紀(jì)40年代開始，許多人報告說，他們看到天空中奇怪的

物體或光線以看似不可能的方式飛行）”可知，UFO指的是人們看到的天空中奇怪的物體或光線。故選B項。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“In2017,scientistswereexcitedwhenOumuaniua,a400mctrclongobjectfrom

outsideoursolarsystem,flewpasttheSunathighspeed.（2017年,當(dāng)我們太陽系外400米長的天體Ounmamua

高速飛過太陽時，科學(xué)家們興奮不已）”這句看出此段是舉例說明科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)可能存在的外星飛行器。故選

D項。

16.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容,KuAninternationalteamofastronomershaveannouncedthe

firstorganizedsearchforalientechnologyinourownsolarsystem.TheGalileoProject,ledbyProfessorAviLoeb

fromHarvardUniversityintheUS,willlookfbrsignsofroboticspacecraftfromotherplanets.（一個由天文學(xué)家

組成的國際團(tuán)隊宣布，首次有組織地在我們自己的太陽系中搜索外星技術(shù)。由美國哈佛大學(xué)阿維?勒布教授

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的伽利略項目將尋找來自其他行星的機器人航天器的跡象）”可知，本文講的是由美國哈佛大學(xué)的阿

維?勒布教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的伽利略項目，將尋找來自其他行星的機器人航天器的跡象。故選C項。

Passage5（2021?浙江臺州?一模）

RichardTurerewalksthroughhisfamily'sfarmjustoutsideNairobiNationalParkinKenya.Goats,cows,and

sheepeatgrasspeacelullyontheiarmwhileintheparknearby,lionswanderleisurely,livinginpeaceful

coexistencewiththelivestock.Anextraordinarypiciurc!Howdolivestockmanagetolivesafelynearthesehuge

lions?It'sallduetothisyoungman'sbrilliantinvention,LionLights.

Livestockishisfamily'sentirelivelihood——whichiswhywheneverlionsattackedtheirgoats,sheep,orcattle,

itwasdisastrous.ThereseemedtobenogoodsolutiontotheproblemuntilRichardbeganworkingonit.Aftera

liorkilledhisfamily'sonlybull,Richardstartedexperimentingwithwaystoscareoffthelions.Hisfirsttwo

attempts—fireandthenascarecrow—wereunsuccessful.Butonenightin2011,whenhewaswalkingaroundwith

aflashlight,henoticedthatlionsstayedaway.That'swhenherealized:thesebigcatswereafraidofmovinglights!

ThenRichard一who'dtakenapartandstudiedmachinessincehewasverysmall-beganexperimenting.

Despitehislackofanyformaltraininginelectricalengineering,hefilledasystemofHashingLEDlightsonpoles

aroundthefarm.Theflashinglights,whichhemadefromvehicleindicatorflashers,carbatteries,andasolarpanel,

trickedthelionsintothinkingthegroundswereguarded,keepingthelionsaway.

Thewordgotoutaboutthebrilliant"lionlightsboy".SoonRichardwasfixingtheLionLightssystemfor

neighbors.Later,hisinventionwonhimascholarshiptoKenya'swellknownBrookhouseInternationalSchool.And

whenRichardwas13,hewasinvitedtoCaliforniatospeakabouthisinventionataTEDconference.Thesedays,

Richardstilllivesonhisfamily'sfarm,andfixestheLionLightssystemforpeoplealloverKenya,whichfunctions

efficiently.Hedreamsofbeinganairplaneengineerandpilot,buthealsoworkstoarousepeople'sawarenessabout

（heneedcosupportyoungKenyaninventorslikehimself.

17.Whatdoes"anextraordinarypicture"referto?

A.Eyecatchingscenery.B.Wellprotectedecosystem.

C.Lionslosingtheirnature.D.Animalsexistinginharmony.

18.WhatusedtobetheproblemwithRichard'sfarm?

A.Lionsattackedlivestock.B.Thelocals'liveswerethreatened.

C.