專題08議論文（閱讀理解題型突破）

2023年新高考英語閱讀理解突破與實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

（解析版）

【命題分析】

生態(tài)議論文是一種論述事理、發(fā)表意見、提出觀點(diǎn)的問題。通過擺事實(shí)、講道理、辯是手等方法，來

樹立某種觀點(diǎn)或正誤觀點(diǎn)的總結(jié)。這類文章三個(gè)要素：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。其中，論點(diǎn)是文章的靈魂：論

據(jù)是支撐論點(diǎn)的材料；論證是證明論點(diǎn)的方法和過程。文章內(nèi)容包羅萬象，非常豐富，主要選自原汁原味

的國外期刊，如：BusinessWeek,TheEconomist,NewsWeek,Times等。主要談?wù)撝型鈴V泛關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題。

【命題方向】

議論文一般語言精練，論證嚴(yán)密，難度較大。多以細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題和主旨大意題為主。

【解題技能】

確定論點(diǎn)（精讀首段）首段往往出現(xiàn)議論文的主旨，尤其關(guān)注however,but,yet等詞后面

的內(nèi)容，其后面的內(nèi)容就是論點(diǎn)。

明確論證方式（研讀中間段）論證部分會出現(xiàn)在中間段，這也是文章的主體部分。在中間段中查

找與細(xì)節(jié)理解題的對應(yīng)詞。

得出結(jié)論（重在尾段）尾段就是結(jié)論部分，要深度理解長難句，弄清作者得出什么結(jié)論。

論證方法舉例子；作對比；列數(shù)字；引用等。

詞句猜測題突破實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

1.（2022年湖北武漢?高三統(tǒng)考期末）

IwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwritingacolumn,becausethat's

whenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.Iregularlygetemailsfrom

studentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI'veneverheardof.TowhichIrespond,

“Transfer（轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)）highschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtful

menlaryofafirstratemodernwisdom!Also,don'tdodrugs!”

Icanexpecttobesendingmoreoftheseemailsbecauseof（hemonCoreStateStandards（共同核心國家標(biāo)

準(zhǔn)）,whichpublicschoolsareencouragedtofollow.Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthe

nation'shighschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear,DavidColeman,

thenewpresidentoftheCollegeBoard,whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsofthemonCore,said,uItisrareina

workingenvironmentthatsomeonesays,'Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneeda

vividaccountofyourchildhood.,,51agreewiththis,butnoonehascvcraskedmeforamarketanalysis.

Coleman'sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswilllearnhowtowriteclear,tightly

structurednonfiction.Andindeed,thefirsttimeIwriteinanewfbrmattravelessay,screenplay,apologyemaillread

abunchofexamples.ButwhenIwantmywritingloimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwords

differently:anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bushspeech.Fictionteachesyouhowtotellastory,whichishowwe

expressandremembernearlyeverything.Anyway,schoolisn,tmerelytrainingforwork;it'strainingfor

municationthroughoutourlives.

1.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhiscolumnwasusedasstudents'assignment?

A.Proud.B.Satisfied.C.Concerned.D.Disappointed.

2.WhatshouldhighschoolsdoaccordingtoDavidColeman?

A.Stressnonfiction.

B.Readmorefiction.

C.Teachmarketanalysis.

D.Encouragewriting.

3.WhydocsthewriterturntoaGeorgeW.Bushspeech?

A.Tocreatewords.B.Tobetterhiswriting.

C.Totellastory.D.Tofollowtheformat.

4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Theshiftofteachingtechniques.

B.ThetrendofreadingShakespeare.

C.Theeffectsofthenewcurriculumstandards.

D.TheproblemwithAmericaneducationsystem.

【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了美國教育系統(tǒng)的問題。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Iregularlygetemailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesand

otherthingsI'veneverheardofTowhichIrespond,^Transfer（轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)）highschoolsimmediately!Toonethat

teachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtfiilmentaryofafirstratemodernwisdom!Also,don'tdo

drugs!”（我經(jīng)常收到學(xué)生的電了?郵件，詢問我的寫作技巧和其他我從未聽說過的事情。對此，我的回答是：“馬

上轉(zhuǎn)高中！轉(zhuǎn)到一個(gè)教授莎士比亞和荷馬，而不是對一流現(xiàn)代智慧進(jìn)行深思熟慮的評論的高中，還有，不

要吸毒！可推斷，當(dāng)他的專欄被用作學(xué)生的作業(yè)后，作者是擔(dān)憂的。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation'shighschool

Englishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonficlion.Inaspeechlastyear,DavidColeman,thenewpresidentof

（heCollegeBoard,whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsofthemonCore,said,“Itisrareinaworkingenvironment

thatsomeonesays,Johnson,1needamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethat1needavividaccountofyour

childhood」”（新的課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)極大地改變了全國大約一半的高中英語閱讀清單，強(qiáng)調(diào)非虛構(gòu)。美國大學(xué)理事會

新任主席戴維?科爾曼是“共同核心”的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)始人之一，他在去年的?次演講中說，“在工作環(huán)境中，很少有

人說，’約翰遜，周五前我需要一份市場分析報(bào)告，但在此之前，我需要一份你童年的生動(dòng)描述。和第三

段’4coieman'sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswillleanihowtowriteclear,tightly

struclurednonficlion.（科爾曼的想法是，通過閱讀清晰、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的非虛構(gòu)類文章，孩子們將學(xué)會如何寫出

清晰、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的非虛構(gòu)類文章。戶可知，根據(jù)戴維?科爾曼的觀點(diǎn)，高中應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)非虛構(gòu)。故選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothink

aboutwordsdifferently:anovel,apDein,aGeorgeW.Bushspeech.（但當(dāng)我想提高寫作水平時(shí)，我會閱讀一些迫

使我以不同方式思考詞語的東西：一本小說、一首詩、喬治布什的演講。戶可知，作者尋求喬治?W?布什

的演講是為了更好地提高自己的寫作。故選B。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“IwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwriting

column,becausethat'swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.(S

Heiprojecthasgrowntoinclude18recyclingcentersinTexas.

Thelistcouldcontinue.Thesearebutafewexamplesofyoungpeoplewhohavediscoveredthattheycan

buildontheirownenergytodosomethinggreat.

5.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingParagraph2?

A.lbgiveexamplesofcelebritiesandheroesaroundus.

B.Todiscussthedifferencesbetweencelebritiesandheroes.

C.Toprovidedefinitionsofthewords“celebrity”and"hero”.

D.lbexplainthedetailsaboutbeingcelebritiesandheroes.

6.Whatisthemeaningoftheword“superficial”inParagraph2?

A.Notknown.

B.Unexpected.

C.Undeveloped.

D.Withoutdepth.

7.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3?

A.Heroesmaketheworldgoround.

B.Heroesmustbelieveinthemselves.

C.Heroesfocusonsocialwelfareprograms.

D.Heroespromotecooperationbchvccnpeople.

8.Howdoestheauthoradvancehisviewthatyoungpeoplehavethepotentialtobeahero?

A.Bydefiningthequalitiesthatmakeayoungpersonahero.

B.Bycontrastingtheachievementmadebydifferentyoungpeople.

C.Bygivingexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoshowthequalitiesofahero.

D.Byprovidingexamplesofqualitiesthathavemadeyoungpeoplefamous.

9.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Moreheroesareneededintheworld.

B.Celebritiesarcreportedtoomuchinthemedia.

C.Adultsshouldbccrolemodelsforyoungpeople.

D.Youngpeopleshouldbelieveintheirabilitytomakeadifference.

【答案】5.B6.D7.A8.C9.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章通過一些事例表明了年輕人相信自己改變世界的力量是多么的重要。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的"Ourmodemsocietyisterriblyconfusedaboutthedifferencebetweena

celebrity（名人）andahero.（我們的現(xiàn)代社會對于名人和英雄之間的區(qū)別非常困惑。）”可知，作者說出我們對

“名人和英雄的區(qū)別”很困惑，所以接下來講到了“Acelebrityisallaboutfame（名望）lemporary,superficialfame,

usuallyfbrqualitiesthatareeasytosee:aprettyface,agreatdancemove.Ahero,bycontrast,isabout

characterqualitiesunderthesurfacethataren'tvisibleuntiltheytakeaclion.（名人就是名聲----暫時(shí)的、

superfacial名聲，通常是因?yàn)槟切╋@而易見的品質(zhì):漂亮的臉蛋、出色的舞姿。相比之下，英雄是指在他們采

取行動(dòng)之前才會顯現(xiàn)出來的隱藏在表面之下的性格品質(zhì)。）“，這是對這種區(qū)別的闡述，所以作者寫第二段的

目的是討論名人與英雄的區(qū)別。故選B。

6.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第：段的“usuallyforqualitiesthatareeasytosee:aprettyface,agreatdancemove（通常是

那些顯而易見的品質(zhì)：漂亮的臉蛋，很棒的舞步）”可知，名人所謂的名聲是肽淺的，沒有深度的，superficial

的意思是“沒有深度的“，和withoutdepth意思相近，故選D。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theytrulyholdourworldtogether,throughtheirunselfishdevotiontohelping

others,teachingchildren,andprotectingtheenvironment.Theydon'twantfame,orglory;theyjustwanttohelp.In

somanyways,theseunsungheroespilottheboatinwhichallofussail（他們無私地致力「幫助他人、教育孩子

和保護(hù)環(huán)境，真正地將我們的世界團(tuán)結(jié)在一起。他們不需要名聲或榮耀：他們只是想幫忙。在許多方面，

這些無名英雄為我們所有人的航船領(lǐng)航。戶可知，英雄在這個(gè)世界上發(fā)揮著積極著作用，推動(dòng)著世界積極的

運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。故選A。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“Howdowehelpyoungpeoplebelieveintheirownpower?Thebestwayis

simplytoshareexamples,ofotheryoungpeoplewhohavemadeadifference.（我們?nèi)绾螏椭贻p人相信自己的

力量？最好的方法就是分享其他做出改變的年輕人的例子。）“可知，作者想用分享年輕人用自己的力量做出

有影響的事的例子，來論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。接下來兩段分別列舉Ryan和Barbara兩位年輕人的事例，來說明

年輕人具有成為英雄的潛力。再根據(jù)最后一段“Thelistcouldcontinue.Thesearebutafewexamplesofyoung

peoplewhohavediscoveredthattheycanbuildontheirownenergy（odosomethinggreat.（這樣的例子還有很多。

這些只是年輕人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可以利用自己的精力做一些偉大事情的幾個(gè)例子。廠可知，作者就是用舉例的方式

來進(jìn)一步闡述自己觀點(diǎn)。故選C。

9.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段的"Whilemostpeopleunderstandtheimportanceofthefirsttwowishes,thethird

oneleavessomefolkswonderingwhyyoungpeople'sbeliefintheirownpowerissoessential.（雖然大多數(shù)都明

白前兩個(gè)愿望的重要性，但第三個(gè)愿望讓一些人想知道，為什么年輕人相信自己的力量如此重要。）”和最后

■段的“Thesearebutafewexamplesofyoungpeoplewhohavediscoveredthattheycanbuildontheirown

energytodosomethinggreat.（這些只是年輕人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可以利用自己的精力做一些偉大事情的幾個(gè)例子。）“

可知，整篇文章講的是年輕人應(yīng)該相信自己有能力做出有影響力有意義的事。故選D。

3.（2022年天津?高考真題）

RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy,buttobeuseful,tobeloving,tomake

somedifferenceinheworld.Whileweappreciatesuchwordsofwisdom,werarelytrytofollowtheminourlives.

Mostpeopleprefertoliveagoodlifethemselves,ignoringtheirresponsibilitiesfortheworld.Thisnarrow

perceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshorttermbenefits,butissuretoleadtolongtermharmandsuffering.Agood

lifebasedonfortandkixuiymayeventuallyleadtomorepainbecausewespoilourhealthandevenourcharacter,

principles,ideals,andrelationships.

Whatthen,isthesecretofagoodlife?Agoodlifeisaprocess,notastateofbeing:adirection,nota

destination.Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheir

happinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.Moreimportantly,wemustknowourselvesinsideout.Only

whenweexamineourselvesdeeplycanwediscoverourabilitiesandrecognizeourlimitations,andthenwork

accordinglytocreateabetterworld.

Thefirstrequirementforagoodlifeishavingalovingheart.Whenwcdocertainrightthingsmerelyasaduty,

wcfindourjobsotiresomethatwe'llsoonburnout.However,whenwcdothatsamejoboutoflove,wcnotonly

enjoywhatwedo,butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.

However,lovealoneisinsufficienttoleadagoodlife.Lovesometimesblindsustothereality.Consequently,

ourgoodintentionsmaynotleadtogoodresults.Toachievedesiredoute,thosewhowanttodogoodloothersalso

needtoequipthemselveswithaccurateworldknowledge.Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.If

loveistheengineofacarknowledgeisthesteeringwheel（方向盤）.Iftheenginelackspower,thcarcan'tmove;if

（hedriverlosescontrolofthesteering,aroadaccidentprobablyoccurs.Onlywithloveinheartandtheright

knowledgeinmindcanwcleadagoodlife.

Withloveandknowledge,wcgoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.Whenwcseethe

impactofourgoodworkontheworldwegivemeaningtoourlifeandearnlastingjoyandhappiness.

10.Whateffectdoesthenarrowperceptionofagoodlifehaveonus?

A.MakingussimplcmindcdB.Makingusshortsigntcd.

C.Leadingusontoabusyroad.D.Keepingusfromfortandluxury.

11.Accordingtotheauthor,howcanonegaintruehappiness?

A.Throughmaintaininggoodhealth.

B.Bygoingthroughpainandsuffering.

C.Byrecognizingone'sabilitiesandlimitations.

D.Throughofferinghelpmuchneededbyothers.

12.AccordingtoParagraph4,doingcertainrightthingswithalovingheartmakesone.

A.lessselfishB.lessannoying

C.moremotivatedD.moreresponsible

13.Inwhatcasemaygoodintentionsfailtoleadtodesiredresults?

A.Whenwchavewrongknowledgeoftheworld.

B.Whenourlovefortheworldisinsufficient.

C.Whenweareinsensitivetodangersinlife.

D.Whenwestayblindto（hereality.

14.AccordingtoParagraph5,lifecanbemadetrulygoodwhen.

A.inspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledge

B.directedbyloveandpushedbyknowledge

C.purifiedbyloveandenrichedbyknowledge

D.promotedbyloveanddefinedbyknowledge

【答案】10.B11.D12.C13.A14.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了美好生活的秘訣是什么。人生的目的不是生而快樂，而是生

而有益。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshorttermbenefits,butis

suretoleadtolongtermharmandsuffering.（這種對美好生活的狹隘看法可能會帶來短期的好處，但肯定會導(dǎo)致

長期的傷害和痛苦。）”可知，對美好生活的狹隘看法只能給我們帶來短期的好處，所以時(shí)間長了會讓我們目

光短淺、短視。故選B項(xiàng)。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationin

returnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.（我們必須先為他人服務(wù)而不求回報(bào)，因?yàn)?/p>

他人的幸福是我們自己幸福的源泉。）”可知，我們能夠從幫助他人獲得真正的幸福。故選D項(xiàng)。

12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“However,whenwedothatsamejoboutoflove,wenotonlyenjoywhatwedo,

butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.（然而，當(dāng)我們出于熱愛做同樣的工作時(shí)，我們不僅享受我們做的事情，

而且也享受那種亳不費(fèi)力的感覺。戶可知，帶著熱愛去做事會讓人更加享受做這件事情；越享受做某件事，

做事越有動(dòng)力。故選C項(xiàng)。

13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.（虛假的知識比無知更危

險(xiǎn)。戶可以推測出，當(dāng)我們對世界有錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識的時(shí)候，就算意圖良好，也可能導(dǎo)致不好的、違背預(yù)期的結(jié)

局。故選A項(xiàng)。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoing

goodtoothers.（帶著愛和知識，我們?nèi)σ愿?，通過對他人做好事來創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更美好的世界。廠可知，有愛

和知識，生活就會變得更美好。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.（2022年寧夏鹽池高級中學(xué)階段練習(xí)）

Itiseasytogetcarriedawayinanargument.

Whilehavingarationalconversationwithsomeonewhohasadifferentopinionmightseemlikeachallenge,it

ispossible.Onewayistoapproachtheotherpersonwithempathy.

TheEmpathyChallengeisanexercisecreatedbyZocChance,seniorlecturerattheYaleSchoolof

Management.AtYale,Chanceteachesacoursecalled“MasteringInfluenceandPersuasion”wherestudentslearn

tomunicatemoreeffectively.

Inherblog,Chanceexplainsthatit'simportanttolistentopeoplewhodisagreewithyou."Astheyexplain

（heirposition,youlistenfortheirunderlyingvalues.Finally,youlookformongroundasyoureflect（hosevalues

back.Thafsit.”

Chancefirsttookthischallengeherselfbeforeaskingherstudentstotry.Asshecouldn'tunderstandwhy

manypeoplechosetovoteforDonaldTrump,shefoundthreeTrump'svotersandspokewiththem.

Throughaskingquestions,Chancewasabletoempathizewiththemandrealizetheyhadsimilarfeelings.One

man,anOrthodoxJew,explainedthathesupportedTrumpbecauseTrump'sdaughterandsoninlawarcJewish.The

nextmanwasaRussianimmigrantpassionateaboutfreedom.Thethirdwasalawyerwhobelievedthat

authenticity（真誠）wasimportantinpoliticalleaders.

AlthoughChanceandChosepeoplehaddifferentpoliticalbeliefs,theywereabletorelatetothelifevaluesof

others.Andthat'sthepointofthecxcrcisetounderstandothersasfellowhumanbeings.

15.WhichofthefollowingdoestheEmpathyChallengefaceson?

A.Leadershipskills.B.Publicspeakingskills.

C.municationskills.D.Problemsolvingskills.

16.WhatdoesChancesuggestpeopledowhenhandlingadisagreement?

A.Defendtheirposition.B.Findmonground.

C.Reflectontheirownvalues.D.Meettheneedsofothers.

17.WhatdrovethethreementovoteforDonaldTramp?

A.Theirlifevalues.B.Theircareerhistory.

C.Theirfamilybackground.D.Theirchildhoodexperience.

18.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.RespectdifferentperspectivesB.ZoeChance'sempathy

C.VoleforTrumpD.Chancelschallenge

【答案】15.C16.B17.A18.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了雖然與持不同意見的人進(jìn)行理性對話似乎是一種挑戰(zhàn)，但這是可

能的。一?種方法是用同理心接近對方，即尊重不同的觀點(diǎn)或立場。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheEmpathyChallengeisanexercisecreatedbyZocChance,seniorlectureratthe

YaleSchoolofManagement.AtYale,Chanceteachesacoursecalled“MasteringInfluenceandPersuasion^^where

studentslearntomunicatemoreeffectively.（EmpathyChallenge是由耶魯大學(xué)管理學(xué)院高級講師ZoeChance發(fā)

起的一項(xiàng)練習(xí)。在耶魯大學(xué)，Chance教授一門名為“掌握影響力和說服”的課程，讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)如何更有效地

溝通）”可知，theEmpalhyChallenge面對的是溝通技巧。故選C。

16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Astheyexplaintheirposition,youlistenfortheirunderlyingvalues.Finally,you

lookformongroundasyoureflectthosevaluesback.Thafsit.（當(dāng)他們解釋自己的.場時(shí)，你要傾聽他們潛在的

價(jià)值觀。最后，當(dāng)你反映這些價(jià)值觀時(shí)，你要尋找共同點(diǎn)。就是這樣戶可知，Chance建議人們在處理分歧

時(shí)找到共同點(diǎn)。故選B。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Oneman,anOrthodoxJew,explainedthathesupportedTnimpbecause

Trump'sdaughterandsoninlawareJewish.ThenextmanwasaRussianimmigrantpassionateaboutfreedom.The

thirdwasalawyerwhobelievedthaiaulhenticity（真誠）wasimportantinpoliticalleaders.（一名正統(tǒng)猶太人解釋

說，他支持Trump是因?yàn)門rump的女兒和女婿是猶太人。下?個(gè)人是?個(gè)熱愛自由的俄羅斯移民。第三位

是一位律師，他認(rèn)為真實(shí)對政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人來說很重要）”以及最后一段“AlthoughChanceandChosepeoplehad

differentpoliticalbeliefs,theywereabletorelatetothelifevaluesofothers.（雖然Chance和Chose的政治信仰不

同，但他們都能認(rèn)同他人的人生價(jià)值觀戶可推知，三個(gè)人投票給DonaldTrump是因?yàn)樗麄兊娜松鷥r(jià)值觀。

故選Ao

18.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Whilehavingarationalconversationwithsomeonewhohasadifferentopinion

mightseemlikeachallenge,itispossible.Onewayistoapproachtheotherpersonwithempathy.（雖然與持不同

意見的人進(jìn)行理性的對話似乎是一種挑戰(zhàn)，但這是可能的。一種方法是帶著同理心接近對方）”可知，本文主

要講述了我們應(yīng)該尊重不同的觀點(diǎn)。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“Respectdifferentperspectives（尊重不同的觀點(diǎn)）”適合

作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。

5.（2022年全國?模擬預(yù)測）

Rememberihe（imewhensummerholidaysfellreallylong?But（heolderyougot,（hefasterthedays

disappeareduntilmonthsandyearswentbywithoutyourealizingit.Sowhydoes（hishappen?

Severalexplanationshavebeenputforwardtoexplainthisphenomenon.Thesimplestoftheseisthatittakes

longertoencodenewexperiencesthanfamiliarexperiences,andwhenyou'reyoung,allexperiencesarcrelatively

new,sotimeseemstogoslower.

Forexample,ifyouarcafiveyearoldkid,thenthepasttwoyearsofyourliferepresent40%ofallthelife

you'velivedandcanrecall.Butwhenyouarea50yearoldadult,thenthepasttwoyearsrepresentonly4%ofall

yourrecallablelife.So,forakid,twoyearsmightseemtolastforever,butforanadult,thosetwoyearsmightnot

evenseemlongatall.

AnothertheoryproposedbyProfessorAdrianBejanisthatitisrelatedtothenumberofmentalimagesthe

brainencountersandorganizesandthestateofourbrainsasweage.Whenwegetolder,therateatwhichchanges

innentalimagesareperceiveddecreasesbecauseofseveraltransformingphysicalfeatures,includingvisionand

brainplcxity.Daysseemedtolastlongerinyouryouthbecausetheyoungmindreceivesmoreimagesduringone

daythanthesamemindinoldage.

Justasahighernumberofframespersecondcangiveyouaslowmotionvideoonacamera,lifeseemstogo

slowlywhenyou,reyoung,andjustasalowernumberofframespersecondcangiveyouafastmotionvideo,life

seemstohurrybywhenyou'reolder.

Itisn'tjustagethatchangesourperception（感知）oftime.Everysingleoneofushasfeltthesecondsdragby

whenwe'reboredandthingsseemtomoveinslowmotionwhenwe'reinlifethreateningsituations.Butifwe're

havingfun,timefliesbybeforeweknowit.

19.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstsentenceinparagraph1?

A.lbintroducethemaintopic.B.Toaskreaders5opinions.

C.Tosummarizethewholepassage.D.Todescribelongsummerholidays.

20.WhatdoesAdrianBejanthinkperceivingtimehastodowith?

A.Ouremotion'schanges.B.Ourbrain'sprocessingspeed.

C.Theimprovementofourlifequality.D.Theenrichmenlofourlifeexperiences.

21.Howdoestheauthorargueforhisopinion?

A.Byaskingquestions.B.Bylistingnumbers.

C.Bymakingparisons.D.Byprovidingexamples.

22.Whatisthebesttideforthetext?

A.HowWePerceiveTimeWithAge

B.TimeSeemstoSlowDownWithAge

C.WhyTimeGoesFasterasWcGrowOlder

D.OurMoodDeterminesOurPerceptionofTime

【答案】19.A20.B21.D22.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。為什么隨著年齡的增長時(shí)間流逝得更快？本文就為什么隨著年齡的增長時(shí)間流

逝得更快這一問題展開論述，文章給出了幾種觀點(diǎn)來解釋這一問題。

19.推理判斷題。第一段的第一^44Rememberthetimewhensummerholidaysfeltreallylong?（還記得感覺暑

假特別漫長的時(shí)候嗎？）“，接著提出問題“S。whydoesthishappen?（為什么隨著年齡的增長時(shí)間流逝得更

快？）“，所以第一句起到引出話題的作用。故選A項(xiàng)。

20.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Daysseemedtolastlongerinyouryouthbecausetheyoungmindreceivesmore

imagesduringonedaythanthesamemindinoldage.（年輕時(shí)的口子似乎持續(xù)得更久，因?yàn)槟贻p時(shí)的頭腦在一

天內(nèi)接收到的圖像比老年時(shí)的同樣的頭腦要多。廠可知，阿德里安?貝讓認(rèn)為所感知到的時(shí)間的長短與大腦

處理速度的快慢有關(guān)。故選B項(xiàng)。

21.推理判斷題。第三段舉例論證為新的經(jīng)歷編碼要比為熟悉的經(jīng)歷編碼花費(fèi)更長的時(shí)間這一觀點(diǎn)；第五

段舉例論證感知時(shí)間與大腦處理速度有關(guān)這?觀點(diǎn)。所以文中提出的觀點(diǎn)都是通過舉例來論證的。故選D

項(xiàng)。

22.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)本文第一段中的“Butth,olderyougot,thefasterthedaysdisappeared

untilmonthsandyearswentbywithoutyourealizingit.Sowhydoesthishappen?（但是隨著年齡的增長,日子消

失得越快，直到一年乂一年過去，你自己都沒有意識到。為什么會這樣？）”可知，本文主要就為什么隨著年

齡的增長時(shí)間流逝得更快這一問題展開論述。故C項(xiàng)”為什么隨著年齡增長，時(shí)間過得更快”最適合作本文

標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。

6.（2022年全國?模擬預(yù)測）

In2017,bottledwatersurpassedcarbonatedsoftdrinkstobeethemostpopularbeverageintheUnitedStates.

WhiletherearcundeniablyhealthbenefitstomoreAmericanschoosingwateroversugarysodas,theuptick（/J、巾田上

升）inbottledwatersalesandthemarketingpushforsellingprepackagedwaterhasalsocontributedtoanexplosion

ofdisposablecontainerwaste.Despitehavingsomeofthecleanestmunicipalwatersystemsintheworld,60%of

theworld'sbottledwaterconsumptionoccursin（heUnitedSlates,even（houghAmericansonlyprise4.5%ofthe

world'stotalpopulation.

Peoplejustifydrinkingbottledwaterformanydifferentreasons.Bottledwaterinrestaurantshasbcc

somewhatofastatussymbol,especiallyinfinedining.WhenIwaitedtables,Ialwaysdreadedaskingguestsfor

theirwaterpreference.Inbusinesssettingswheretablcmatesarcunfamiliarwitheachother,noonefeelsfortable

answeringforthegroup.Guestsdiningonanexpenseaccount—atleastinahighendrestaurant一typically

“splurge”（揮霍）onbottledwater.Awaiterwouldn'tdareoflendaclientbyorderingtapwater.

Thisresultsintrashbagsfilledwithhundredsofemptyglassbottleseverynight.Intheory,thebodiesand

theirpackagingarerecyclable,buthistoryshowsthat,despiteourbestinlentions,manyrecyclableproductsendup

inlandfillsanyway.

Wecanallagree,hopefully,thatwheneverpossible,restaurantsshouldmakemoreresponsiblechoicesabout

hov/theirbusinessesimpacttheenvironment.Theworldischanging,andrestaurantscan'talwaysgivepeoplewhat

theywantanymore.Forgoing（放棄）bottledwaterisaverysmallsacrificeforthosewhopreferit——adropinthe

bucket,astheysay.

23.Whatproblemismentionedinparagraph1?

A.Peoplepreferbottledwatertosoftdrinks.

B.Mostmunicipalwatersystemsbreakdown.

C.Drinkingbottledwaterleadstomorewaste.

D.ThepopulationintheUnitedStatesdeclines.

24.Whatmighttheauthorbe?

A.Acritic.B.Arestaurantowner.

C.Awaiter.D.Asocialobserver.

25.Whatdopeopledowiththewastebottles?

A.Theyarethrownintoseas.B.Theyareburiedinlandfills.

C.Theyarerecycledinfactories.D.Theyaretransformedintoplastics.

26.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Peoplemustbemoreawareoftheenvironment.

B.Bottledwaterhasbeethemostpopulardrink.

C.Il'stimetotakebottledwateroffrestaurantmenus.

D.Restaurantsshouldnotgivepeoplewhatevertheywant.

【答案】23.C24.C25.B26.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。2017年，瓶裝水超過了碳酸軟飲料?，成為美國最受歡迎的飲料。雖然這種趨勢

有利于美國人的身體健康，但也對環(huán)境造成了影響。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句"WhilethereareundeniablyhealthbenefitstomoreAmericanschoosing

wateroversugarysodas,theuptickinbottledwatersalesandthemarketingpushforsellingprepackagedwaterhas

alsocontributedtoanexplosionofdisposablecontainerwaste.^^（雖然越來越多的美國人選擇水而不是含糖蘇打

水，這無疑對健康有好處，但瓶裝水銷量的上升和銷售預(yù)包裝水的營銷攻勢也導(dǎo)致了一次性容器垃圾的激

增。）可知，瓶裝水銷量和銷售預(yù)包裝水的市場營銷的增加也導(dǎo)致了一次性瓶裝容器廢物的激增。故選C項(xiàng)。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第三句"WhenIwaitedtables,Ialwaysdreadedaskingguestsfortheirwater

preference.”（當(dāng)我在餐館當(dāng)服務(wù)員的時(shí)候，我總是害怕問客人喜歡喝什么水。）可知，當(dāng)作者招待客人的時(shí)

候，他總是害怕詢問客人對水的偏好。由此可推知，作者可能是一名服務(wù)員。故選C項(xiàng)。

25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句"Intheory,thebottlesardtheirpackagingarerecyclable,buthistory

showsthat,despiteourbestintentions,manyrecyclableproductsendupinlandfillsanyway."（理論上，瓶子及其

包裝都是可回收的，但歷史表明，盡管我們的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是好的，但許多可回收的產(chǎn)品最終還是被扔進(jìn)了垃圾

填埋場。）可知，從理論上講，這些瓶子及其包裝都是可回收的，但歷史表明，盡管我們的意圖是好的，許

多可回收產(chǎn)品最終還是被扔進(jìn)了垃圾填理場。故選B項(xiàng)。

26.主旨大意題。本文第一段介紹了瓶裝水銷量增加帶來的問題;第二段闡述了瓶裝水銷量增加的原因;第三

段介紹瓶裝水對環(huán)境造成的危害;第四段呼吁餐館要采取行動(dòng)，本著對環(huán)境負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度，不要售賣瓶裝水。

由此可知，本文的主旨是為了減少環(huán)境污染，餐館不應(yīng)該售賣瓶裝水。故選C項(xiàng)。

7.（2023年河南鄭州外國語學(xué)校?？寄M預(yù)測）

ThereisanoldChineseproverbthatstates“Onegenerationplantsthetrees;anothergetstheshade,“andthis

ishowitshouldbewithmothersanddaughters.Therelationshipbetweenamotherandadaughterissometimes

confusing.Therelationshipcanbesimilartofriendship.However,themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasunique

characteristicsthatdistinguishitfromafriendship.Thesecharacteristicsincludeahierarchy（等級）of

responsibilitiesandunconditionallove,whichprecludemothersanddaughtersfrombeingbestfriends.

Marina,27yearsold,said,“Ilovespendingtimewithmymom,butIwouldn'tconsiderhermybestfriend.

Bestfriendsdon'tpayfbryourwedding.Bestfriendsdon'tremindyouhowtheycarriedyouintheirbodyandgave

youlife!Bestfriend:don'ttellyouhowwisetheyarebecausetheyhavebeenaliv