高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省豫西名校2025屆高三下學(xué)期模擬考試（一）英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。APetsarepartofourfamilysoit’simportanttofactortheminwhenplanningatripthatyou’renottakingthemwithyouon.PetcharityBlueCrossadvisesplanningwellinadvancesoyouknowthatyourpetwillbecomfortable.FamilyandfriendsLeavingyourpetinthecareofatrustedfriendorneighbourwillgiveyoupeaceofmindthatitwillbewellcaredfor.Yourpetwillbeabletostaywiththemintheirhome.Thingstoconsiderifyourpetisstayinginanotherhouse:·Dotheyhaveanotherdogorpetandwilltheygetonwithyourpet?·Dotheyhaveagarden?Isthegardensecuresoyourpetcan’tescape?PetsitterPetsittersstayinorvisityourhometolookafteryourpetwhileyou’reawayforafee.Thisisagoodoptionwhichallowsyourpettostayinafamiliarenvironmentandyouwillreceiveregularupdates.Howtofindagoodpetsitter:·Askfriendsandfamilyforrecommendationsforpetsitters.·Petsittersdon’tneedalicensetowork,butreputableoneswillbeabletoshowyoutrainingandinsurancecertificates.·Checkreviewsonlinefromindependentreviewsites.HomeboarderHomeboardersarepeoplethattakepetsintotheirownhomestolookafterforafee.Howtofindagoodhomeboarder:·Checktheirhomehasnoobviousdangers,likeexposedwires,toxicsubstancesandunsecuredfences.·Yourpetisinvitedroundtogettoknowthehomeandmeetthefamilyit’llbestayingwith.·Youcaneasilyfindandviewtheirlicensetohomeboardpetsfromthelocalcouncilaswellastheirinsurancedetailsandtraining.BoardingkennelsKennelsareanoption,butitdependswhetheryourpetiscomfortablebeingleftaloneinakennelenvironmentaroundotherpets.Howtofindaboardingkennel:·Getapersonalrecommendation,andcheckthekennelislicensed.·Askifyoucanvisitbeforeyoubook.·Askaboutinsurancecoverandtheprocedureforcontactingavet(獸醫(yī)).1.Ifyoupreferyourpettostayinafamiliarenvironment,youcanleaveitwith_____.A.afriend B.apetsitter C.ahomeboarder D.aboardingkennel2.Howcanonefindasuitablehomeboarder?A.Calltheinsurancecompany.B.Checkthelicensefromthelocalcouncil.C.Checkreviewsfromindependentreviewsites.D.Invitehimovertoyourhomeandmeetyourfamily.3.Whomayfindthispassagemostuseful?A.Avetwhodesirestochangehisjob.B.Amanwhoisconsideringadoptingadog.C.Acouplewhoareplanningtorentahouse.D.Apetownerwhowilltakeabusinesstrip.【答案】1.B2.B3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了在主人外出旅行時，照顧并安置家中寵物的四種方式?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Petsitter中“Thisisagoodoptionwhichallowsyourpettostayinafamiliarenvironmentandyouwillreceiveregularupdates.(這是一個很好的選擇，可以讓你的寵物待在一個熟悉的環(huán)境中，你會收到定期的更新)”可知，選擇寵物保姆能讓你的寵物待在一個熟悉的環(huán)境中。故選B項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Homeboarder中“Youcaneasilyfindandviewtheirlicensetohomeboardpetsfromthelocalcouncilaswellastheirinsurancedetailsandtraining.(你可以很容易地從當(dāng)?shù)刈h會找到并查看他們的家庭寵物執(zhí)照，以及他們的保險細(xì)節(jié)和培訓(xùn))”可知，想要給寵物找一個合適的寄宿家庭，可以查一下當(dāng)?shù)刈h會的家庭寵物執(zhí)照。故選B項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Petsarepartofourfamilysoit’simportanttofactortheminwhenplanningatripthatyou’renottakingthemwithyouon.PetcharityBlueCrossadvisesplanningwellinadvancesoyouknowthatyourpetwillbecomfortable.(寵物是我們家庭的一部分，所以當(dāng)你計劃不帶它們一起旅行時，把它們考慮進(jìn)去是很重要的。寵物慈善機構(gòu)藍(lán)十字會建議提前做好計劃，這樣你就知道你的寵物會過得很舒服)”可知，本文是寫給不計劃帶寵物出去旅行，而想要寵物得到照顧的人看的。由此推知，“一個要出差的養(yǎng)寵物的人”會覺得這篇文章有用。故選D項。BInearly2018,IwastrainingfortheLondonMarathon—thefirstandonlymarathonIwouldeverruninmylife.Ihadtreatedmyselftoanexpensivefitnesswatchthattrackedmytime,paceandsplits.Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun—anexhausting21miles(34km)—IthrewmyselfdownonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twenty-onemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageofmecryingonmylivingroomfloorprettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtechnology.Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstrongerandfaster.Ioncegotakickoutofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatchmypace,compareitwithotherpeople'sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoself-improvement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn'tit?Thepointwastobebetter.Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter”hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.OnceIstartedgettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyandwhatdidnot.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsandsimplydeletedyears'worthofdatathatwasonceveryimportanttomeandnowmeantnothing.WhathasbecomeverycleartomesinceIquittrackingmyrunsisthatIgenuinelylovedoingthem.Irunaroundmylocalparkwithasillylittlesmileonmyface.Iloveitsomuch.ButIdonotloverunningquickly.Idonotlikeraces.Idonotwanttobepushedtobefaster.ThingsInoticeaboutmyrunsnowinclude;howmylegsfeelandhowmymindfeelsafterwards—clearandfocused.Inoticedogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthesunshine(OK,windandrain)onmyface.Iambetter.OrsometimesIamworse.ButeitherwayI'mslowlyploddingalong,andthat'sgoodenough.4.Whatwastheimmediatecauseoftheauthor'stearsafterherfinaltrainingrun?A.Exhaustionfromthelong-distancerun.B.Therealizationthatshehadtoquittraining.C.Severepaininherlegsduetotoomucheffort.D.Thefailureofherfitnesswatchtorecordthedata.5.Howdidtheauthorinitiallyviewtheuseofexercisetrackingtechnology?A.Asameretoolforentertainment.B.Asanecessityforsocialrecognition.C.Asapathtobecomingabetterrunner.D.Asameanstoavoidpersonalresponsibility.6.Whatdoesthephrase"beingbetter"signifytotheauthorinhercurrentperspective?A.Enhancingheroverallqualityoflife.B.Achievingvictoriesincompetitiveraces.C.Havingaclearerfocusonpersonalgoals.D.Liberatingherselffromdemandingschedules.7.Whatlessoncanwedrawfromtheauthor'sexperienceasdescribedinthepassage?A.Engaginginsportsisessentialforhappiness.B.Embracingchangeleadstopersonalfulfillment.C.Passionatepursuitiscrucialforachievingsuccess.D.Self-improvementmeansthesameasachievingsuccess.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，作者講述了自己在準(zhǔn)備倫敦馬拉松期間使用運動追蹤技術(shù)，從最初覺得它能幫助自我提升，到后來因心理健康問題重新審視運動的意義，最終放棄運動追蹤，享受跑步本身的經(jīng)歷?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前三句“Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun—anexhausting21miles(34km)—IthrewmyselfdownonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twenty-onemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.(在最后一次訓(xùn)練結(jié)束時——一段令人筋疲力盡的21英里(34公里)長跑——我一回到家就一頭倒在地上，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)手表壞了。21英里在屏幕上閃了一下，然后就消失了，永遠(yuǎn)消失了。我痛苦地尖叫起來。)”可知，作者在最后一次訓(xùn)練跑后流淚的直接原因是她的健身手表未能記錄數(shù)據(jù)。故選D項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段后兩句“Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoself-improvement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn'tit?Thepointwastobebetter.(我從未真正認(rèn)為運動追蹤是個問題。在我看來，追蹤是自我提升的途徑，而關(guān)鍵不就是提升嗎？關(guān)鍵是變得更好。)”可知，作者最初對運動追蹤技術(shù)的看法是它是成為更好的跑步者的一條途徑。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter”hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.(在過去的一年里，“變得更好”這個概念有了不同的含義。我的心理健康狀況下降了，曾經(jīng)很容易的事情，比如刷牙，變得難以想象的困難。變得更好不再意味著變得更快或更強。它意味著照顧好自己，在一天中感受到一些快樂。)”以及后文提到的作者現(xiàn)在跑步時關(guān)注的點（如腿的感覺、思維清晰度、周圍的景色等），可以推斷出“變得更好”現(xiàn)在對作者來說意味著改善她的整體生活質(zhì)量。故選A項。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。縱覽全文，作者最初依賴運動追蹤技術(shù)來追求自我提升，后來因自身情況改變而放棄了這種技術(shù)，轉(zhuǎn)而享受跑步本身，重新定義了“變得更好”的含義。這表明作者接受了這種變化，并在變化中找到了個人的滿足感。因此，從作者的經(jīng)歷中我們可以得出的教訓(xùn)是接受變化會帶來個人的滿足感。故選B項。CUsingCRISPRgenome(基因組)editingonafewcommoncrops,ateamofplantandsoilscientistsseekstovastlyincreaseandspeedupcarbonstoragetohelpfightclimatechange.Topreventdangerouslevelsofglobalwarming,scientistssayitwon'tbeenoughtojuststopburningfossilfuelsthatreleasecarbonintotheair.Becauseit'svirtuallyimpossibleforhumanitytodothatasfastasisnowrequired,wewillalsoneedtopullcarbonoutoftheairandsecureit.Plantsareamongthebesttoolswehavetodothis,sincetheselivingsolarcollectorsalreadycapturebillionsoftonsofcarbondioxideeachyearfromtheatmospherethroughphotosynthesis(光合作用).Abouthalfofthatcarbonwindsupinrootsandeventuallythesoil,whereitcanstayforhundredstothousandsofyears.Butwhatifwecouldcreateplantsandsoilsthatarebetteratcapturingcarbon?WithCRISPRgenomeediting—anewmolecular(分子的)biologytoolthatallowsscientiststomakeeditstotheDNAcodethatunderpinsalllife—thatmightbepossible.Lastmonth,theInnovativeGenomicsInstitute(IGI),aresearchteamfoundedbyCRISPRpioneerJenniferDoudna,begantoexploretheidea.Withan$11-milliongiftfromtheChanZuckerbergInitiative,ateamofresearchersembarkedonathree-yeareffortusingCRISPRtocreatenewcropvarietiesthatphotosynthesizemoreefficientlyandfunnelmorecarbonintothesoil.Eventually,theresearchershopetocreategene-editedriceandsorghumseedsthatcould—ifplantedaroundtheglobe—pullmorethanabillionextratonsofcarbonoutoftheairannually.It’sanambitiousgoal,andtheteamislikelytofacenumerouschallengesinthelabbeforeitsCO2-scrubbingplantscanbeputintheground.Additionalsocial,policy,andethicalconsiderationswilldeterminewhetherthosecropsarewidelyadoptedbyfarmers.Buttheresearchersbelievetheirambitiousprojectmeetstheurgencyoftheclimatecrisis.8.ThepurposeofusingCRISPRgenomeeditingoncropsis________.A.tohelpfightclimatechangeB.toincreasecarbonstorageC.tocreatenewcropvarietiesD.toreleasemorecarbonDioxide9.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph3?A.catch. B.release. C.absorb. D.grab.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthistext?A.CO2-scrubbingplantscanbeputinthegroundnow.B.Itisstillunknownwhethergene-editedcropswillbeaccepted.C.Researchershassuccessfullycreategene-editedriceandsorghumseeds.D.CRISPRgenomeeditingwillfacesomanychallengesthatithasnofuture.11.HowdotheresearchersthinkofusingCRISPRgenomeeditingoncrops?A.Hopeless. B.Promising. C.Suspicious. D.Pessimistic.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了植物和土壤科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊利用CRISPR基因編輯技術(shù)，旨在通過改造常見作物來大幅提高和加速碳儲存，以應(yīng)對氣候變化?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“UsingCRISPRgenome(基因組)editingonafewcommoncrops,ateamofplantandsoilscientistsseekstovastlyincreaseandspeedupcarbonstoragetohelpfightclimatechange.(一個由植物和土壤科學(xué)家組成的團(tuán)隊，通過對幾種常見作物進(jìn)行CRISPR基因組編輯，試圖大幅增加和加速碳儲存，以幫助應(yīng)對氣候變化。)”可知，科學(xué)家使用基因編輯改變植物基因的最終目的是抵御氣候改變。故選A?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)這句話“Plantsareamongthebesttoolswehavetodothis,sincetheselivingsolarcollectorsalreadycapturebillionsoftonsofcarbondioxideeachyearfromtheatmospherethroughphotosynthesis(光合作用).(植物是我們進(jìn)行這項工作的最佳工具之一，因為這些太陽能收集器每年已通過光合作用從大氣中……了數(shù)十億噸的二氧化碳。)”可知，本段主要講述了植物通過光合作用可以吸收二氧化碳。從而猜測劃線詞capture在句中為“吸收”之意。故選C。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“It’sanambitiousgoal,andtheteamislikelytofacenumerouschallengesinthelab(這是一個雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)，該團(tuán)隊可能會在實驗室面臨許多挑戰(zhàn))”和“Additionalsocial,policy,andethicalconsiderationswilldeterminewhetherthosecropsarewidelyadoptedbyfarmers.(另外，社會、政策和倫理方面的考慮將決定這些作物是否被農(nóng)民廣泛采用。)”可知，該實驗依然面臨許多挑戰(zhàn)，尚不清楚基因編輯作物是否會被接受。故選B?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Buttheresearchersbelievetheirambitiousprojectmeetstheurgencyoftheclimatecrisis.(但研究人員認(rèn)為，他們雄心勃勃的項目符合氣候危機的緊迫性。)”可知，科學(xué)家們對該研究是抱有希望的。故選B。DItappearsthatlanguagecanhaveafascinatingeffectonthewaywethinkabouttimeandspace.Agrowingnumberofexpertsbelievelanguagecaninfluencehowwethinkjustasourthoughtsandculturecanshapehowlanguagedevelops.CognitivescientistLeraBoroditsky,oneofthepioneersofresearchintohowlanguageinfluencesourthoughts,hasshownthatinEnglishandmanyotherEuropeanlanguages,peopletypicallyviewthepastasbeingbehindusandthefutureinfrontofus.ButinAymara,spokenbytheAymarapeoplewholiveintheAndesinBolivia,Chile,PeruandArgentina,thewordforfuturemeans“behindtime”.AndwhentheAymaratalkaboutthefuture,theytendtomakebackwardgestures,whereaspeoplewhospeakSpanish,forexample,viewthefutureasbeingaheadofthemandmakeforwardgestures.Languagesalsoencodetimeintheirgrammar.InEnglish,forexample,thefutureisoneofthreesimpletenses,alongwiththepastandthepresent—wesay“itrained”,“itrains”and“itwillrain”.ButinGerman,youcansayMorgenregnet,whichmeans“itrainstomorrow”—youdon'tneedtobuildthefutureintothegrammar.Thesameistrueformanyotherlanguages,includingMandarin(普通話).Butdoesthisaffecthowwethink?In2013,KeithChen,abehavioraleconomistattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,setouttotestwhetherpeoplewhospeaklanguagesthatare“futureless”mightfeelclosertothefuturethanthosewho…leakotherlanguages.Andhediscoveredthatspeakersoffuturelesslanguagesweremorelikelytoengageinfuture-focusedactivities.Theywere31%morelikelytohaveputmoneyintosavingsinanygivenyearandhadaccumulated39%morewealthbyretirement.Theywerealso24%lesslikelytosmoke,29%morelikelytobephysicallyactive,and13%lesslikelytobemedicallyobese(肥胖的).Thisresultheldevenwhencontrollingforfactorssuchassocioeconomicstatusandreligion.Itisbecomingincreasinglyclearthatlanguageisinfluencinghowwethinkabouttheworldaroundusandourpassagethroughit.Andwhilebeingmultilingualwon'tnecessarilymakeusagenius,weallcangainafreshperspectiveandamoreflexibleunderstandingoftheworldbylearninganewlanguage.12.HowdopeopleinEnglish-speakingcountriesandtheAymaraviewthewordforfuture?A.Bothseeitasbeingahead.B.Bothseeitasbeingbehind.C.Englishspeakersseeitbehind,whileAymaraseeitahead.D.Englishspeakersseeitahead,whileAymaraseeitbehind.13.WhatideadidKeithChen'sresearchstartfrom?A.Multilingualpeoplehaveawiderviewofthefuture.B.Culturaldifferencesmainlyshapefuture-orientedbehavior.C.Languageaffectshowpeopleseeandinteractwiththefuture.D.Languageswithfuturetensemakepeoplemoreforward-thinking.14.AccordingtoKeithChen,whichbehaviorismoretypicalamong“futureless”languagespeakers?A.Ignoringhealthadvice. B.Leadinganinactivelife.C.Savingmoneyforthefuture. D.Spendingmoneywithoutthinking.15.What'stheauthor'smainpointinthelastparagraph?A.Languagestudyshouldfocusongrammar.B.Learninganewlanguagebroadensyourworldview.C.Learningmultiplelanguagescanmakeoneagenius.D.Languagelearningiskeyforcross-culturalcommunication.【答案】12.D13.C14.C15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了語言對我們思考時間和空間的方式有著迷人的影響，包括不同語言對時間概念的不同表達(dá)，以及語言對人們行為的影響，最后強調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)新語言能帶來新視角和對世界更靈活的理解?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“CognitivescientistLeraBoroditsky,oneofthepioneersofresearchintohowlanguageinfluencesourthoughts,hasshownthatinEnglishandmanyotherEuropeanlanguages,peopletypicallyviewthepastasbeingbehindusandthefutureinfrontofus.ButinAymara,spokenbytheAymarapeoplewholiveintheAndesinBolivia,Chile,PeruandArgentina,thewordforfuturemeans“behindtime”.AndwhentheAymaratalkaboutthefuture,theytendtomakebackwardgestures,whereaspeoplewhospeakSpanish,forexample,viewthefutureasbeingaheadofthemandmakeforwardgestures.(認(rèn)知科學(xué)家萊拉?博羅迪茨基是研究語言如何影響我們思維的先驅(qū)之一。她表明，在英語和許多其他歐洲語言中，人們通常認(rèn)為過去在我們身后，未來在我們面前。但在艾馬拉語中，這種由生活在玻利維亞、智利、秘魯和阿根廷安第斯山脈的艾馬拉人所使用的語言里，“未來”這個詞的意思是“落后于時間”。并且當(dāng)艾馬拉人談?wù)撐磥頃r，他們傾向于做出向后的手勢，而例如說西班牙語的人則認(rèn)為未來在他們前面，并做出向前的手勢。)”可知，說英語和許多其他歐洲語言的人通常認(rèn)為未來在前方，而說艾馬拉語的艾馬拉人認(rèn)為未來意味著“時間之后”，即他們認(rèn)為未來在后方。所以說英語的人認(rèn)為未來在前方，而艾馬拉人認(rèn)為未來在后方。故選D項。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“Butdoesthisaffecthowwethink?In2013,KeithChen,abehavioraleconomistattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,setouttotestwhetherpeoplewhospeaklanguagesthatare"futureless"mightfeelclosertothefuturethanthosewho…leakotherlanguages.(但是這會影響我們的思維方式嗎？2013年，加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的行為經(jīng)濟學(xué)家基思?陳開始測試說“沒有未來時態(tài)”語言的人是否會比說其他語言的人感覺與未來更親近。)”可知，KeithChen的研究是從語言是否會影響人們對未來的看法以及與未來的互動方式這一想法開始的，他想測試說沒有“未來時態(tài)”語言的人是否比說其他語言的人更接近未來。所以KeithChen的研究開始于語言影響人們?nèi)绾慰创团c未來互動這一想法。故選C項。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Andhediscoveredthatspeakersoffuturelesslanguagesweremorelikelytoengageinfuture-focusedactivities.Theywere31%morelikelytohaveputmoneyintosavingsinanygivenyearandhadaccumulated39%morewealthbyretirement.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用沒有將來時態(tài)語言的人更有可能從事面向未來的活動。在任何給定的一年中，他們將錢存入儲蓄的可能性要高31%，并且到退休時積累的財富要多39%。)”可知，根據(jù)KeithChen的研究，為未來存錢這種行為在說“沒有未來時態(tài)”語言的人中更典型。故選C項?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Andwhilebeingmultilingualwon'tnecessarilymakeusagenius,weallcangainafreshperspectiveandamoreflexibleunderstandingoftheworldbylearninganewlanguage.(雖然掌握多種語言不一定會讓我們成為天才，但通過學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言，我們都可以獲得一個全新的視角和對世界更靈活的理解。)”可知，作者在最后一段的主要觀點是學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言可以拓寬我們的視野和對世界的理解。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Howwouldyoufeelifmovingtoanewtownmeantlosingtrackofyourfriends?Whatiftheonlywayofgettingnewsfromfarawayfriendswaswritinglettersthattookagestobedelivered?Thiswashowthingsworkednotverylongago.____16____.Thankstoadvancesintechnology,todaywecanmovearoundtheworldandstillstayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremainfriendswith.AllweneedisaWi-Ficonnection.____17____.Forexample,strangerswhohavethesamehobbyofcollectingmodelcarsmaybebroughttogetherbytheInternet,eveniftheyliveondifferentpartsoftheworld.____18____.Ifpeoplealwaysexchangetruepersonalinformationonline,thesefriendshipscanberealandmeaningful.Butweneedtokeepinmindthatwhatweseeonsocialmediaisoftennotthewholetruthaboutaperson.Onsocialmediasites,peopletendtopostonlypositivemessagesorphotosthatmakethemappearhappyandfriendly.____19____.Rememberthesaying:ontheInternet,nobodyknowsyou’readog.Wecouldevenbesharingourinformationwithcriminals.However,thisdoesn’tmeanthatweshouldthrowthebabyoutwiththebathwater.____20____,althoughtechnologyhaschangedthewayweacquirefriends.AsAristotlesaid,noonewouldchoosetolivewithoutfriends,evenifhehadallothergoods.A.ThemeaningoffriendshipremainsthesameB.SocialmediatoolshelpusmaintainfriendshipsC.Actually,smilingphotoscanhiderealproblemsD.It’sstilllikelytoaccesstrustworthyfriendshipsonlineE.However,becarefulaboutwhethertheyaretruefriendswhenonlineF.Nowadays,howweconnectwitheachotherhaschangedsignificantlyG.Thedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests【答案】16.F17.G18.E19.C20.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章探討了科技如何改變?nèi)藗兊慕挥逊绞揭约熬W(wǎng)絡(luò)友誼的利弊，同時強調(diào)盡管科技改變了人們獲得朋友的方式，但友誼的本質(zhì)不變?！?6題詳析】上文“Howwouldyoufeelifmovingtoanewtownmeantlosingtrackofyourfriends?Whatiftheonlywayofgettingnewsfromfarawayfriendswaswritinglettersthattookagestobedelivered?Thiswashowthingsworkednotverylongago.(如果你搬到一個新的城鎮(zhèn)意味著與你的朋友失去聯(lián)系，你會有什么感覺？如果從遠(yuǎn)方的朋友那里得到消息的唯一方式是寫那些需要很長時間才能送達(dá)的信呢？這就是不久前的情況)”說明過去與朋友保持聯(lián)系的方式很不方便?？仗幊薪由衔模f明現(xiàn)在的情況。F項“如今，我們彼此聯(lián)系的方式已經(jīng)發(fā)生了顯著的變化”符合語境，引出下文介紹現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系方式。故選F?！?7題詳析】上文“Thankstoadvancesintechnology,todaywecanmovearoundtheworldandstillstayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremainfriendswith.AllweneedisaWi-Ficonnection.(多虧了科技的進(jìn)步，如今我們可以周游世界，仍然與我們想保持朋友關(guān)系的人保持聯(lián)系。我們所需要的只是一個Wi-Fi連接)”以及下文“Forexample,strangerswhohavethesamehobbyofcollectingmodelcarsmaybebroughttogetherbytheInternet,eveniftheyliveondifferentpartsoftheworld.(例如，有收集模型汽車相同愛好的陌生人可能會被互聯(lián)網(wǎng)聚集在一起，即使他們生活在世界的不同地方)”說明科技進(jìn)步使得人們保持聯(lián)系很方便，并舉例說明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)能把有相同愛好的人聚集在一起。G項“數(shù)字時代也使我們能夠找到與我們有共同興趣的人”符合語境，承上啟下。故選G?！?8題詳析】下文“Ifpeoplealwaysexchangetruepersonalinformationonline,thesefriendshipscanberealandmeaningful.Butweneedtokeepinmindthatwhatweseeonsocialmediaisoftennotthewholetruthaboutaperson.(如果人們總是在網(wǎng)上交換真實的個人信息，這些友誼可以是真實而有意義的。但我們需要記住，我們在社交媒體上看到的往往不是一個人的全部真相)”說明在網(wǎng)上交友時，人們看到的信息不一定是真實的，需要謹(jǐn)慎對待。E項中的however體現(xiàn)了與上文的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，提醒人們在網(wǎng)上交友要謹(jǐn)慎判斷朋友的真實性，引出下文關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)交友需要注意的內(nèi)容。所以E項“然而，在網(wǎng)上時要留意他們是否是真正的朋友”符合語境。故選E?！?9題詳析】上文“Onsocialmediasites,peopletendtopostonlypositivemessagesorphotosthatmakethemappearhappyandfriendly.(在社交媒體網(wǎng)站上，人們傾向于只發(fā)布積極的信息或照片，使他們看起來快樂和友好)”說明人們在社交媒體上發(fā)布的信息往往是積極的。空處承接上文，說明這些積極的信息背后可能存在的問題。C項“實際上，微笑的照片可以隱藏真正的問題”符合語境，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C?！?0題詳析】上文“However,thisdoesn’tmeanthatweshouldthrowthebabyoutwiththebathwater.(然而，這并不意味著我們應(yīng)該不分好壞地全盤否定)”以及下文“althoughtechnologyhaschangedthewayweacquirefriends.AsAristotlesaid,noonewouldchoosetolivewithoutfriends,evenifhehadallothergoods.(盡管科技已經(jīng)改變了我們獲得朋友的方式。正如亞里士多德所說，沒有人會選擇沒有朋友的生活，即使他擁有所有其他的東西)”說明雖然科技改變了交友方式，但友誼仍然很重要。A項“友誼的意義仍然是一樣的”符合語境，承上啟下。故選A。第三部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。AdaLovelacewasthedaughterofromanticpoetLordByron.Sheearnedherplaceinhistoryasthefirstcomputer____21____—afullcenturybeforetoday’scomputers____22____.Andshebecameanidolforwomenin____23____today.Shecouldn’thavedoneitwithoutBritishmathematicianCharlesBabbage.Their____24____startedintheearly1830s.Babbagehaddrawnupplansforadetailedand____25____machinehecalledtheDifferenceEngine—____26____,agiantmechanicalcalculator,onethatwasfarfromsimpleandrequiredcomplexengineeringtobuild.Inthemiddleofhisworkonit,theteenageLovelacemetBabbageataparty.Itwasmathematical____27____atfirstsight.Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthatwould____28____untilLovelace’sdeath.Babbage____29____hisDifferenceEnginetobrainstormanewAnalyticalEngine.Then,heshowedoffanincompleteprototypeofhismachine,butMissByronsawthatengine’strue____30____.TheAnalyticalEnginewasmorethanacalculatorandthefactthattheuser____31____itscommandsthroughapunchcardmeanttheenginecould____32____nearlyanymathematicaltaskordered.Lovelaceevenwrote____33____forsolvingacomplicatedmathproblem.Manyhistorianswouldlater____34____thosethefirstcomputerprogram,andLovelacethefirstprogrammer.ThesecondTuesdayinOctoberhasbecomeAdaLovelaceDay,onwhichthe____35____ofwomentoscience,technology,engineering,andmathematicsarehonored.21.A.tutor B.programmer C.salesman D.accountant22.A.brokedown B.diedout C.cameout D.showedup23.A.technology B.economy C.literature D.politics24.A.settlement B.conflict C.argument D.cooperation25.A.costly B.unique C.useful D.complicated26.A.fortunately B.essentially C.eventually D.naturally27.A.love B.activity C.problem D.addiction28.A.form B.last C.matter D.count29.A.abandoned B.ruined C.challenged D.built30.A.context B.potential C.difference D.damage31.A.obeyed B.stopped C.needed D.sent32.A.perform B.understand C.quit D.study33.A.suggestions B.instructions C.translations D.experiences34.A.disagree B.refuse C.consider D.deny35.A.secret B.humor C.beauty D.contribution【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.D26.B27.A28.B29.A30.B31.D32.A33.B34.C35.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述AdaLovelace在英國數(shù)學(xué)家Babbage協(xié)作下，成為首位計算機程序員，其貢獻(xiàn)受后世尊崇?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她作為第一位計算機程序員在歷史上贏得了一席之地——比當(dāng)今的計算機出現(xiàn)早了整整一個世紀(jì)。A.tutor導(dǎo)師；B.programmer程序員；C.salesman推銷員；D.accountant會計。根據(jù)下文“Manyhistorianswouldlaterthosethefirstcomputerprogram,andLovelacethefirstprogrammer”可知，她被認(rèn)為是第一位計算機程序員，programmer是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B項。【22題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：她作為第一位計算機程序員在歷史上贏得了一席之地——比當(dāng)今的計算機出現(xiàn)早了整整一個世紀(jì)。A.brokedown出故障，分解；B.diedout滅絕；C.cameout出現(xiàn)，出版；D.showedup出現(xiàn)，露面（通常指人出現(xiàn)）。根據(jù)上文“afullcenturybeforetoday’scomputers”以及語境可知，此處表示AdaLovelace成為第一位計算機程序員比當(dāng)今的計算機出現(xiàn)早了一個世紀(jì)，cameout符合語境。故選C項?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：并且她如今成為了科技領(lǐng)域女性的偶像。A.technology技術(shù)；B.economy經(jīng)濟；C.literature文學(xué)；D.politics政治。根據(jù)上文“Sheearnedherplaceinhistoryasthefirstcomputer”提到她是第一位計算機程序員可知，計算機屬于科技范疇，所以她成為了科技領(lǐng)域女性的偶像。故選A項?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的合作始于19世紀(jì)30年代初。A.settlement解決，定居；B.conflict沖突；C.argument爭論；D.cooperation合作。根據(jù)下文“ThetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthatwoulduntilLovelace’sdeath”可知，他們建立了工作關(guān)系，所以此處指他們的合作開始于19世紀(jì)30年代初。故選D項。【25題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：巴貝奇起草了一份詳細(xì)而復(fù)雜的機器計劃，他稱之為差分機——本質(zhì)上，這是一個巨大的機械計算器，一點也不簡單，建造它需要復(fù)雜的工程技術(shù)。A.costly昂貴的；B.unique獨特的；C.useful有用的；D.complicated復(fù)雜的。根據(jù)下文“onethatwasfarfromsimpleandrequiredcomplexengineeringtobuild”可知，這個機器遠(yuǎn)非簡單，需要復(fù)雜的工程技術(shù)來建造，所以它是復(fù)雜的。故選D項?！?6題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：巴貝奇起草了一份詳細(xì)而復(fù)雜的機器計劃，他稱之為差分機——本質(zhì)上，這是一個巨大的機械計算器，一點也不簡單，建造它需要復(fù)雜的工程技術(shù)。A.fortunately幸運地；B.essentially本質(zhì)上；C.eventually最終；D.naturally自然地。根據(jù)下文“agiantmechanicalcalculator”可知，這里是對差分機本質(zhì)的描述，本質(zhì)上它是一個巨大的機械計算器，essentially符合語境。故選B項?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一見鐘情的數(shù)學(xué)之愛。A.love愛；B.activity活動；C.problem問題；D.addiction上癮。根據(jù)下文“ThetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthatwoulduntilLovelace’sdeath”可知，他們建立了工作關(guān)系并成為親密的朋友，所以此處指他們對數(shù)學(xué)是一見鐘情，mathematicallove表示“數(shù)學(xué)之愛”。故選A項?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人建立了工作關(guān)系，最終結(jié)下了深厚的友誼，這種友誼一直持續(xù)到洛夫萊斯去世。A.form形成；B.last持續(xù)；C.matter重要；D.count計數(shù)，重要。根據(jù)下文“untilLovelace’sdeath”可知，這種友誼一直持續(xù)到洛夫萊斯去世，last符合語境。故選B項?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：巴貝奇放棄了他的差分機，轉(zhuǎn)而構(gòu)思一種新的分析機。A.abandoned放棄；B.ruined毀壞；C.challenged挑戰(zhàn)；D.built建造。根據(jù)下文“tobrainstormanewAnalyticalEngine”以及語境可知，他構(gòu)思新的分析機，所以是放棄了原來的差分機。故選A項?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他展示了他的機器的一個不完整的原型，但拜倫小姐看到了這臺機器的真正潛力。A.context上下文，語境；B.potential潛力；C.difference不同；D.damage損壞。根據(jù)下文“TheAnalyticalEnginewasmorethanacalculatorandthefactthattheuseritscommandsthroughapunchcardmeanttheenginecouldnearlyanymathematicaltaskordered”可知，分析機不僅僅是一個計算器，它能完成幾乎任何數(shù)學(xué)任務(wù)，所以拜倫小姐看到了它的真正潛力。故選B項?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：分析機不僅僅是一個計算器，用戶通過穿孔卡發(fā)送指令這一事實意味著這臺機器可以執(zhí)行幾乎任何下達(dá)的數(shù)學(xué)任務(wù)。A.obeyed遵守；B.stopped停止；C.needed需