2022年高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí)講與練（通用版）15

推理判斷題攻略

【高頻考點(diǎn)回顧】

【題型解讀】

1.命題要求：把已知和未知的信息有機(jī)結(jié)合。經(jīng)過合理分析和整合形成一定的觀點(diǎn)或評(píng)價(jià)，從而做出合理的

推斷。

2.設(shè)題角度：通過上下文的字面意思來推測(cè)其隱含的文意以及對(duì)作者寫作目的、文章出處或文中人物的觀

點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或意圖等進(jìn)行正確判斷。

3.解題思路：看透文章的表面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索；透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，通過分析、綜

合、判斷，進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推理。

4.解題方法：首先定位信息，通過尋讀，找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)；然后弄懂相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意思；再進(jìn)行信

息整合，由因推果，由果推因；由一般推特殊，由特殊推一般；由具體推抽象，由抽象推具體。

【正確選項(xiàng)特征】

1.是“弦外之音”，是立足原文推斷出來的內(nèi)容，而不是直接敘述的具體信息。

2.沒有絕對(duì)概念的字眼，如only,never,all.absolutely等。因?yàn)槭歉鶕?jù)原文推斷出來的內(nèi)容，略有模糊成分.

留有余地,常含有usually、may、some、might、can、possibly等詞。

【干擾選項(xiàng)特征】

1.張冠李戴：把文中作者的觀點(diǎn)與其他人的觀點(diǎn)混淆在?起。題干問的是作者的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的卻是其

他人的觀點(diǎn)。

2.曲解文意：推測(cè)意義與文章表層意義有區(qū)別。根據(jù)文中某一句話，或者利用里面的字詞設(shè)計(jì)出干擾項(xiàng)，看

似表達(dá)文章的意思，實(shí)際上是借題發(fā)揮，是對(duì)原文的曲解。

3.偷梁換柱：干擾項(xiàng)用了與文章某一句話相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞，卻在考生易忽視的地方換了幾個(gè)單詞,

造成句意的改變。

4.無中生有：這種類型的干擾項(xiàng)往往是基本的生活常識(shí)或普遍認(rèn)可的觀點(diǎn)，但文章中并無相關(guān)的信息，其

次，這種干擾項(xiàng)也有可能與設(shè)置的問題亳不相干。

5.魚目混珠：此類干擾項(xiàng)常出現(xiàn)在詞句理解類試題的選項(xiàng)中，即利用某個(gè)詞或句子的字面含義代替其在文

章特定語(yǔ)境中的具體含義。

6.擴(kuò)縮范圍：為了準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)文章內(nèi)容，命題者特別注意對(duì)文章范圍的限定，有時(shí)通過加上almost、

all、nearly、morethan、normally,usually等詞語(yǔ)對(duì)文章加以限制，干擾項(xiàng)改變了原文的范圍、程度、感

情色彩等。

【解題技巧】

技巧1隱含推斷題：“一定、二讀、三對(duì)照''

【真題示例】（2021?新高考I卷,A?節(jié)選）

HotelandHostelDesArtistes

HotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjustalOminutewalkfromthecentralcitystationandit'sclosetoall

ofthecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providingyouwithamapofthecitywhenyouarrive,

andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However,youneedtopay2eurosadayforWiFi.

WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?

A.Itgetsnoisyatnight.

D.Itsstaffistootalkative.

C.ItchargesforWiFi.

D.It'sinconvenientlylocated.

【思路分析】

一定定位題干中的關(guān)鍵詞：disadvantage;HotelandHostelDesArtistes;

用thedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes尋讀，在文中找到信息段。可知，該旅社離

二讀中心城市車站很近、靠近城市主要的景點(diǎn)、員工友好且樂于助人、提供城市地圖、盡可能提

供建議。However,youneedtopay2eurosadayforWiFi.但每天需要支付無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)費(fèi)2歐元。

三對(duì)照比較選項(xiàng)和信息句可知，支付無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)費(fèi)應(yīng)該是該旅社的缺點(diǎn)。故選

技巧2意圖推斷題:“確定、辨別、再推斷”

【真題示例】（2021?全國(guó)乙卷C節(jié)選）

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenterocean

ecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjairinVonWong

wantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewers（oreexamine

theirrelationshiptosingleuseplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled"Strawpocalypse,apairoflOfbottallplasticwaves,

frozenniidcrash.Madeof168,（）00plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpture

madeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarcbynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplastic

pollution,butthey'verecentlycunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheir

smallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Eveiystrawthat'spartofVbnWong'sartworklikelycamefroma

drinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,（hestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

WhydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinParagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyarcuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart

D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

【思路分析】

通讀文章，可以確定文章的體裁是說明文；文章介紹了藝術(shù)家BcnjuiuiiiVbnWuiig用塑料垃圾制

確定

作了一件藝術(shù)作品，讓人們通過這件藝術(shù)作品重新審視自己與一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系。

根據(jù)第三段“Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycledPlasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggest

sourceofplasticpollution,butthey'verecentlyeund3rfire...thestrawwilltakecenturiesto

disappear.（全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被剛攵。塑料吸管絕不是最大的塑料污染源，但它們最近卻受

辨別

到了抨擊，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人不需要吸管喝飲料，而且由于它們體積小、重量輕，無法被回收利用。

馮?王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能來自只用來喝了幾分鐘的飲料。一旦飲料消失了，吸管將需要

幾個(gè)世紀(jì)才能消失。）

吸管由于體積小，重量輕，很難被【可收利用。由此可推知，作者在第三段討論吸管是為了展示它們

再推斷

回收的困難。故選.A“

技巧3觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題:“找關(guān)鍵、定涪段、巧比對(duì)”

【真題示例】（2021?新高考I卷?D?節(jié)選）

Althoughpopularbeliefsregiudingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonably

support,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthis

popularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重視）onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothers

interestedinpromotingsocialwellbeing.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboth（hepublic

andresearchersreevaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhow（heyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

England

Wherecanthetextbefound?

A.Inahistorybook.B.Inanovel.

C.Inanartmagazine.D.Inabiography.

【思路分析】

察主題這是一篇應(yīng)用文.文章主要介紹了攝影比賽2履八在卬以及獲獎(jiǎng)的相關(guān)情況V

根據(jù)第一段"Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshown（hattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformco

showcasetheverybestphoiographyoftheBritishlandscape.Hikeaviewisadesirableannualpetitionfbr

析措辭photographersfromallcornersoftheUKandbeyond.”（每年參賽作品的高水準(zhǔn)表明，該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)是展示英

國(guó)風(fēng)景最佳攝影作品的完美平臺(tái)。對(duì)于英國(guó)和世界各地的攝影師來說,Takeaview是一項(xiàng)令人向往的

年度競(jìng)賽。）

結(jié)合下文對(duì)兩位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呒捌渥髌返慕榻B，可知這篇文章主要介紹了攝影比賽Takeaview以及獲獎(jiǎng)的

定出處

相關(guān)情況，最可能出現(xiàn)在一本藝術(shù)雜志上。故選一C。

【高頻考點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化】

1

FamousAmericanpoetRobertFrostoncesaid,“Poetryiswhatgetslostintranslation/'Althoughitisnot

impossibletotranslatepoetry.XuYuanchong,awellknownChinesetranslator,hasstriventoconveythebeautyof

ancientChinesepoetrythroughouthislife.

HisteacherQianZhongshumeritedonhispoetrytranslation,4tYouarcdancingwhilechainedbyrhyme（押韻）

andrhythm,butthedanceshowsamazingfreedomandbeauty,whichisquiteextraordinary?*

Xuhasjustturned100yearseld.OnAprilI,ChinaTranslationandPublishingHousepublishedaseriesof

meniorative（紀(jì)念的）booksabouthislifeandcareertopaytributetcthiscentenarian.

Since1978,Xuhaspublishedmorethan100translatednovels,anthologies（選集）andplaysinChinese,

EnglishandFrench,reachingpotentiallymillionsofreadersathomeandabroad.Mostnotably,hetranslated

ChinesepoemsintorhymedversesinbothEnglishandFrench.HeisalsothefirstAsianwinnerofthe“Aurora

BorealisPrize“fbrOutstandingTranslationofFictionLiterature.

Xuisknowntobeveryfaslidiousinhiswork.Hehasdedicatedhislifetot4[translating]beautifully”.Forhim,

Englishisa“scientific“l(fā)anguagethatdemandsaccuracy,whileChineseisan<tartistic^^languagethatincludesa

widerrangeofcontent.Followingthisprinciple,Xunotonlykeepsfaithfulnessinsensebutbeautyinsensibilityin

histranslation.

ThroughXu'stranslations,timchonorcdChinesewisdomhasmadeanimpactonWesternsocietiesandthe

worldatlarge.

Forinstance,whenformerUSpresidentBarackObamatriedtobeginacontroversialhealthcarereformduring

hispresidency,somesenators（參議員）wereopposedatfirst.ButafterreadingthepoemtitledFishinginSnow

（《江雪》）translatedbyXu,onesenatorwassoimpressedwiththefisherman'sindependent,nonconformist（不墨

守成規(guī)的）thinkingthathechosetopartwiththepartylinetosupportObama,notedNewsChina.

Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,the1OOycaroldremainsdiligent.Helivesaloneinanoldhousenear

PekingUniversity.Inhissimpleroom,decoratedwithChinesetraditionalfurniture,hemaintainsaroutine.Every

dayhetranslatesroughly1,000words,workingtill3to4am,sleepingabout3hoursandgettingupat6amto

continue.

''Translationisameansofinunicatingwiththewriter'ssoul.Asuddenflicker（閃現(xiàn)）of[a]goodwordor[a]

goodlinethrillseverypore（毛孔）andeveryinchofmyskin,“XutoldNewsChina.

1.Whatdoes（hearticletellusaboutXuYuanchong?

A.He'sthefirstwinnerofTheAuroraBorealisPrize.

B.Hehastranslatedabout10（）ChineseliteraryworksintoEnglish.

C.Heiswidelyknownforhistranslatedrhymedverse.

D.Hehasmasteredatleastthreeforeignlanguages.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Estidious”inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Particular.B.Satisfied.C.Inventive.D.Productive.

3.WhywasBarackObamamentionedin（hearticle?

A.ToshowXu'spopularity.

B.ToillustrateXu'simpact.

C.Tointroducehisreform.

D.TostressXu'swisdom.

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesXu?

A.Modestandinsightful.

B.Considerateandcautious.

C.Creativeandopenininded.

D.Dedicatedandpassionate.

【答案】CABD

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要向讀者介紹了著名翻譯家許淵沖先生在詩(shī)歌翻譯方面的成就以及他

的影響力。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的"XuYuanchong,awcllknownChinesetranslator,hasstriventoconveythebeauty

ofancientChinesepoetrythroughouthislife.（著名中文翻譯家許淵沖一生都致力于傳達(dá)中國(guó)古代寺歌的美）''第

四段的"Since1978,Xuhaspublishedmorethan100translatednovels,anthologies（選集）andplaysinChinese（自

1978年以來，許己經(jīng)出版了100多部中文翻譯小說、選集和戲?。币约啊癕ostnotably,hetranslatedChinese

poemsintorhymedversesinbothEnglishandFrench.（最值得注意的是，他把中文詩(shī)歌翻譯成英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)的押

韻詩(shī)歌廣可知，許淵沖以其翻譯過的押韻詩(shī)而聞名。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段的“l(fā)iehasdedicatedhislifeto^[translating]beautifully”.Forhim,Englishisa

“scientific”languagethatdemandsaccuracy,whileChineseisanttartistic^^languagethatincludesawiderrangeof

content.Following（hisprinciple,Xunotonlykeepsfaithfulnessinsensebutbeautyinsensibilityinhistranslation.

（他一生都致力于“優(yōu)美的翻譯對(duì)他來說，英語(yǔ)是一種要求準(zhǔn)班的''科學(xué)”語(yǔ)言，而漢語(yǔ)是一種包含更廣泛

內(nèi)容的“藝術(shù)”語(yǔ)言。按照這一原則，徐在翻譯中不僅保持忠誠(chéng)，而且保持感性的美）“可知，他不僅僅致力

于期譯要忠實(shí)原文的意義，還力求保持翻譯出詩(shī)歌細(xì)膩的美。因此推斷，許對(duì)于他的作品很講究。故劃線

詞與Particular意為“講究的，挑剔的”意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段的“ThroughXu'stranslations,timehonoredChinesewisdomhasmadeanimpacton

Westernsocietiesandtheworldatlarge.（通過許的翻譯，歷史悠久的中國(guó)智慧對(duì)西方社會(huì)和整個(gè)世界產(chǎn)生了影

響）''以及接下來第七段的“Forinstance”可推斷，舉例子是為J’闡明他的作品在西方社會(huì)和世界有很大的影響

力。故選B項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,the1OOycaroldremainsdiligent.（在取

得了如此偉大的成就之后,這位100歲的老人仍然很勤奮）”以及倒數(shù)第一段的“Translationisameansof

municatingwiththewriter'ssoul.Asuddenflicker（閃現(xiàn)）of[a]goodwordor[a]goodlinethrillseverypore（毛孔）

andeveryinchofmyskin（翻譯是一種與作者的靈魂交流的手段。一個(gè)好詞或一句好臺(tái)詞的突然的閃現(xiàn)刺激我

的每一個(gè)毛孔和每一寸皮膚）''可推斷，許淵沖先生即使100歲高齡還每天要翻譯作品，并且他認(rèn)為翻譯是與

作者的靈魂交流的方式，突然的靈光閃現(xiàn)的感覺非常美妙，由此可見他對(duì)翻譯事業(yè)的奉獻(xiàn)和熱愛。故選D。

2

inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manyculturesalsohaveasolutiontothe

problem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmayseemconfusingtomodern

humans,butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.

Forthousandsofyears,saltwasanextremelyraremodity.Itwasdifficulttoobtainsothatthepricewasvery

high.Manytradingroutesweresetuptocarrysalt,peoplewerepaidinsalt,andsaltwassometimesworthmore

(hanitsweightingold.Therefore,spillingsaltwasconsideredwasteful.

Becauseofitshighvalue,saltwasalsoassociatedwithfriendshipandgoodfortune.Offeringsofsailwere

includedinmanyreligiousceremonies,andpeoplemightbringsalttoanewhomeforgoodluck.These

associationswouldhavesuggestedthatitwouldbebadlucktospillsalt,sinceitwouldseemtoviolatesalt's

fortunateproperties.

Saltisalsoanexcellentpreservative.Itpreventsfoodfromgoingbad.Assuch,itcametobelinkedwith

healthandlongevity.Insomecultures,spillingsaltwasthoughttoreduceone'swellbeing.InBritain,forexample,

eachspilledgrainwassaidtorepresentatear,whileinGermanyspilledsaltawakenedthedevil,bringing

misfortune.

ThefearofspillingsaltwasalsoadoptedintotheChristianfaith.ItissaidthatJudasspilledsaltattheLast

Supper,andsincehelaterturnedouttobethebetrayerofChrist,spilledsaltisconsideredunluckybymany

Christians.

Shouldyoubeunfortunateenoughtospillsalt,youmightthrowapinchoveryourleftshouldertoblindthe

Devil.

5.Spillingsaltwasprobablythoughttobringbadluckbecause.

A.itwasaChristianfaithB.saltwaslinkedwithmisfortune

C.itwoulddecreaseone'slifespanD.saltwasalwaysexpensivethangold

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preservative“probablymeaninParagraph4?

A.Protector.B.Flavor.C.Medium.D.Solution.

7.Whatis(heauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.lbintroducethehistoryofsalt.

B.Toshowwaystoavoidmisfortune.

C.Tbexplainthebeliefsaboutspillingsalt.

D.Toentertainreaderswithsomeanecdotes.

【答案】CAC

【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界上一些關(guān)于灑鹽的觀念以及應(yīng)對(duì)方法。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Assuch,itcametobelinkedwithhealthandlongevity.Insomecultures,spilling

saltwasthoughttoreduceone'swellbeing.InBritain,forexample,eachspilledgrainwassaidtorepresentatear,

whileinGermanyspilledsaltawakenedthedevil,bringingmisfortune.（因此,它與健康和長(zhǎng)壽聯(lián)系在一起。在一

些文化中，灑鹽被認(rèn)為會(huì)降低幸福感。例如，在英國(guó)，每一粒灑下的谷物據(jù)說代表一滴眼淚，而在德國(guó)，

灑下的鹽喚醒了魔鬼，帶來了不幸）“可知，人們可能認(rèn)為撒鹽會(huì)帶來厄運(yùn)，是因?yàn)檫@會(huì)縮短人的壽命。故選

C。

6.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Itpreventsfbodfhjmgoingbad.（它可以防止食物變質(zhì)）”可知,鹽可以防止食

物變質(zhì)，所以是是一種很好的食物保護(hù)物，即劃線詞意思是“保護(hù)物A.Prolector.保護(hù)物；B.Flavoi?.風(fēng)味；

C.Medium.中等;D.Solulion.解決方案。故選A。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manycultures

alsohaveasolutiontotheproblem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmay

seemconfusingtomodernhumans,butknowing（ha（saltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.

（在許多文化中，灑鹽被認(rèn)為是不吉利的。幸運(yùn)的是，許多文化也有解決這個(gè)問題的辦法，通常是在你身后

灑一撮鹽。這可能讓現(xiàn)代人感到困惑，但知道鹽曾經(jīng)非常有價(jià)值可以改變這種看法）“結(jié)合文章主要介紹了

世界上一些關(guān)于灑鹽的觀念以及應(yīng)對(duì)?方法。由此推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是解釋一些關(guān)于泗鹽的信仰。

故選Co

3

AyoungwomanwaswalkinginSantaAna,California,whenshecameuponanelderlystreetvendor（小販）

sellingtamales（玉米粉蒸I藥）.Seeinghowtiredhelookedinhiswheelchair,shedecidedtogivehimafewbucks

andasandwich-andshealsogavehimasympatheticeartolistentohisstory.

WhenKeniaBarraganfirstsawJoseVillaOchoa,shethoughtofherownparents."Ifeltfbrhim,“shetold

KTTVNews,“Myparentsarebotholder,andIwouldhatetoseemydadoutsellingtamalesfbrsomebodyand

barelymakingendsmeet.”

Knownas“DonJoel”，heexplainedthatalthoughhewantedajob,nopanywouldhirehimbecauseofhisage.

Inordertokeephimselfoutofdebt,hestartedtoselltamalescookedbyalocalwoman.Attheendofeachhardday,

shewouldgivehimacutoftheeamings.Thisallowedhimtobuyfood,butwasnotenoughforhimtoaffordhis

medicaltreatmentoraphone.

The28ycaroldwomanwashappytolistentoDonJoel'sstory,butshewantedtodomore.Shemadeanappeal

toherfollowersonInstagramforsomeassistance.Withinaweek,friendsandstrangersfloodedherwithmorethan

$840(X)indonations.

InadditiontothemoneyraisedfbrDonJoel'sretirement,Keniapurchasedhimanewwheelchairandashiny

newpairofshoes.Eventhoughhe's94.hesayshefeelslikehe's40now,becausethekindnesshasmadehimfeel

soalive.Hedescribesthegenerosityas“l(fā)ifechanging”.

Keniafeelsexactlythesameway.Shesaysshe'salwayslookingfbrapurposethathelpspeopleandthatshe's

beenlivinginlinewiththosevaluesinhercurrentjob,workingwithpeoplewhohavedisabilitiestogetthem

transportation.Hergoalinlifeistoestablishahomelessshelter.

8.WhydidDonJoelselltamales?

A.Tobuyanewwheelchair.B.Tostruggleforaliving.

C.Topayoffhismedicaldebt.D.Tohelpalocalwoman.

9.HowdidKeniachangeDonJoel'slife?

A.Byestablishingahomelessshelter.B.Bygivinghimmoneyandsandwiches.

C.BycollectingdonationsonInstagram.D.Bylistening(ohisstoryattentively.

10.WhatcanweinferaboutKeniainthetext?

A.Shedislikedherfatherbecauseofhisjob.

B.Sheisawealthywomanreadytohelpothers.

C.ShehelpedDonJoelwhenshewas40yearsold.

D.Sheisakindwomanaimingtodomorecharity.

11.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?

A.Rosegiven,fragrantinhand.B.Thebestheartsarealwaysthebravest.

C.Nopain,nogain.D.Sharptoolsmakegoodwork.

【答案】BCDA

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位熱心的年輕女士在遇到一位年邁的靠賣玉米粉蒸肉維持生計(jì)

的老人后，決定通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐來幫助這位老人的故事。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句"Inordertokeephimselfoutofdebt,hestartedtoselltamalescookedbya

localwoman.(為了不欠債，他開始售賣由一位當(dāng)?shù)氐呐酥谱鞯挠衩追壅羧?”可知，DonJoel是為了維持生

計(jì)才去賣玉米粉蒸肉的。故選B。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句"ShemadeanappealtoherfollowersonInstagramforsomeassistance.

Withinaweek,friendsandstrangersfloodedherwithmorethan$84000indonations.（她在Instagram上向她的粉

絲請(qǐng)求幫助。不到一周，朋友和陌生人就向她捐贈(zèng)了超過84000美元）”及倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，Kenia通過

在Instagram上為DonJoel籌集捐款進(jìn)而改善了DonJoel艱苦的生活。故選C。

10.推理判斷題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段最后一句"Hergoalinlifeistoestablishahomelessshelter.（她的人

生目標(biāo)是建立一個(gè)無家可歸者收容所）“可知，Kenia不僅幫助DonJoel提升了生活質(zhì)量，她還想專門為無家

可歸的人們建立一個(gè)收容所。由此可推知，她是一個(gè)想要做更多慈善（工作）的善良女性.故選D。

11.推理判斷題。通讀全文尤其是倒數(shù)第二段最后一句"Hedescribesthegenerosityas'lifbehanging’.（他將這種

慷慨描述為“改變生活的及最后一段第一句"Keniafeelsexactlythesameway.（Kenia也有同樣的感覺）''可

知，KeniaBarragan在幫助他人的同時(shí)感覺自己的生活也發(fā)生了改變。由此可推知，文章旨在告訴我們，贈(zèng)

人玫瑰，手有余香。故選A。

4

Thefirstwaveofanewclassofanliagingdrugshavebegunhumantesting.Thesedrugswon'tletyoulive

longerbutaimtotreatspecificillnessesbyslowingafundamentalprocessofaging.

Thedrugsarecalledsenolytics—theyworkbyremovingcertaincellsthataccumulateasweage.Knownas

“senescent"cells,theycancreatelowlevelinflammation（炎癥）thatpreventsnormalsystemsoflivingcellsrepair

andcreatesapoisonousenvironmentforneighboringcells.

InJune,SanFranciscobasedUnityBiotechnologyreportedinitialresultsinpatientswithmildtosevere

osteoarthritis（關(guān)33炎）of（heknee.Resultsfromalargerclinicaltrialareexpectedinthesecondhalfofthisyear.

Thepanyisalsodevelopingsimilardrugstotreatagerelateddiseasesoftheeyesandlungs,amongother

conditions.

Senolyticsarenowinhumantests,alongwithanumberofotherpromisingapproachestargetingihebiological

processesthatlieattherootofagingandvariousdiseases.

ApanycalledAlkahestinjectspatientswithponentsfoundinyoungpeople'sbloodandsaysithopestostop

consciousandfunctionaldeclineinpatientssufferingfrommildtomoderateAlzheimer'sdisease.Thepanyalsohas

drugsforParkinson'sanddementiainhumantesting.

AndinDecember,researchersatDrexelUniversityCollegeofMedicineeventriedtoseeifacreamincluding

theimmunesuppressingdrugcouldslowaginginhumanskin.

Thetestsreflectresearchers'expandingeffortstolearnifthemanydiseasesassociatedwithgettingoldersuch

asheartdiseases,arthritis,cancer,anddementiacanbedealtwithtodelaytheiroutbreak.

12.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthedrugs?

A.Toridinflammation.B.Tolengthenpeople'slife.

C.Totreatagerelateddiseases.D.Toremovecancercells.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword'senescent”inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Repairing.B.Cycling.C.Aging.D.Dividing.

14.Howdocsthetextmainlydevelop?

A.Bylistingdata.B.Byprovidingdetails.

C.Bymakingparisons.D.Byanalyzingcauses.

15.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.D.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.

【答案】CCBD

【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了第一批抗衰老藥物已經(jīng)開始在人體上進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thesedrugswon'tletyoulivelongerbutaimtotreatspecificillnessesby

slowingafundamentalprocessofaging.（這些藥物不會(huì)讓你活得更久，但目的是通過減緩基本衰老過程來治

療特定疾病。）“可知，研究人員研發(fā)這些藥物是為了治療與年齡相關(guān)的疾病。故選C。

13.詞義猜測(cè)題o根據(jù)上文“Thedrugsarecalledsenolyticstheyworkbyremovingcertaincellsthataccumulateas

weage.（這些藥物被稱為衰老解藥——它們通過清除某些隨著我們年齡增長(zhǎng)而積累的細(xì)胞發(fā)揮作用。）“可

推知，此處表示“它們被稱為“衰老"細(xì)胞“，senescent意為“衰老的”。故選C。

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“InJune,SanFranciscobasedUnityBiotechnologyreportedinitialresultsin

patientswithmildtosevereostcoartliritisoftheknee.（今年6月，總部位于舊金山的Unity生物技術(shù)公司報(bào)告

了輕度至重度膝關(guān)節(jié)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者的初步結(jié)果。）”、文章第五段“ApanycalledAlkahestinjectspatientswith

ponentsfoundinyoungpeople'sbloodandsaysithopestostopconsciousandfunctionaldeclineinpatients

sufferingfrommildtomoderateAlzheimer'sdisease.（一家名為Alkahest的公司向患者注射在年輕人血液中發(fā)

現(xiàn)的成分，并表示希望阻止輕度至中度阿爾茨海默氏癥患者的意識(shí)和功能卜降。）''以及文章第六段“Andin

December,researchersatDrexeiUniversityCollegeofMedicineeventriedtoseeifacreamincludingthe

immunesuppressingdrugcouldslowaginginhumanskin.（12月，德雷塞爾大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員甚至試

圖研究一種含有免疫抑制藥物的護(hù)膚霜是否能減緩人類皮膚的衰老。）“可知，文章通過列舉一系列研究的

細(xì)節(jié)來組織和發(fā)展的。故選B。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段',Thefirstwaveofanewclassofantiagingdrugshavebegunhumantesting/第

一批抗衰老藥物已經(jīng)開始在人體二進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。）“可知，文章主要介紹了這些抗衰老藥物的相關(guān)研究。由此

可推知，文章可能來自一本雜志。故選D。

5

DuringtheCOVID19pandemic,Juliabeganhersecondyearasafirstgradeteacherinanonlineclassroom.

OneSeptemberafternoon,shereceivedacallfromandCynthia,whowashavingtechnicaldifficultieswithher

granddaughter'stoolsforonlinelearning.

JuliaimmediatelyknewsomethingwaswrongwithCynthia.Thetwowomenhadspokenmanytimesbefore,

butJuliahadneverheardshesoundedlikethis.HerwordsweresojumbledthatJuliacouldbarelyunderstandher.

Juliacalledherheadmaster,Charlie,whoconvincedherthathewouldcallandcheckonCynthiahimself.

JustlikeJulia,CharliecouldbarelyunderstandCynthia.Hesuspectedshemightbehavingastroke（中風(fēng)）一

herecognizedthesignsfromwhenhisownfatherhadsufferedone.Charlieimmediatelybecameconcernedthat

Cynthia's（wograndchildren,agessixandeight,wereprobablyhomealonewithherandscared.Charlieaskedhis

officemanagertosendanambulancetothegrandmother'shome.

ThequickresponsefromJuliaandCharliesavedCynthia'slife.Shearrivedatthehospitalintimetoget

treatmentbeforelongtermdamageoccurred.Thankstoanextendedstayinthehospital,shehasregainedmostof

themovementthroughoutherbodyexceptforonehandandaregionofhermouth.

“I'mproudofthepeopleIwerkwith,thattheyrespondedsoquicklyandthatitdidmakeadifferenceto

Cynthia,“saysJulia."Iamsopleasedtobepartofsuchacaringmunity."Buttheschool'scrisisresponseisonly

onepieceofthemunity'sextraordinaryeffortstohelpCynthiaandhergranddaughters.Anotherfamilywithyoung

chiklrenlookinthe（wogirls.

Virtuallearninghasbeenachallengeacrossthecountry,butit'sfairtosaythatithashelpedthemunitygrow

closer.Manyteacherstheregavetheirpersonalphonenumberstostudentsandfamiliesincasetheyneededextra

help.Inthiscase,theexchangewasliterallylifealtering.

16.CynthiacalledJuliainorderto.

A.plainaboutthepoorcontentsofonlinelearning

B.consultabouthergranddaughter'sacademicperformance

C.seeksomehelpforlackofcertaintechnicalknowledge

D.volunteerherservicesasateacherinanonlineclassroom

17.Theunderlinedword“jumbled"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.

A.brief

B.unclear

C.gentle

D.impolite

18.HowdidCharliedecidethatCyr.lhiamighthavesufferedastroke?

A.Byrecallinghisownprevioussufferingsfromthedisease.

B.Byusinghisprofessionalknowledgetoformthejudgment.

C.BybiningJulia'scallwiththegranddaughters'description.

D.Byidentifyingthesymptomsthatastrokepatientmayhave.

19.Whatdocstheauthorthinkofvirtualleaning?

A.Ithascausedmuchinconveniencetoparents.

B.1（willbringaboutunavoidableleakofprivacy.

C.Ithasprovidedmorebenefitsthanchallenges.

D.Itneedstechnicalguidancetobehighlyeffective.

【答案】CBDC

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在新冠疫情期間上網(wǎng)課時(shí)，Cynthia通過電話幫助孫女詢問關(guān)

于網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)方面的問題。老師Julia通過Cynthia的聲音判斷出她有些不對(duì)勁，并且及時(shí)聯(lián)系了校長(zhǎng)Charlie,

校長(zhǎng)判斷出她得了中風(fēng)，并及時(shí)送往了醫(yī)院。

16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段'OneSeptemberafternoon,shereceivedacallfromandCynthia,whowas

havingtechnicaldifficultieswithhergranddaughter'stoolsforonlinelearning.（九月的一個(gè)下午，她接到了

Cynthia的電話，她孫女的在線學(xué)習(xí)工具有技術(shù)問題。）”可知，Cynthia打電話是因缺乏一定的技術(shù)知識(shí)而尋

求幫助。故選C項(xiàng)。

17.詞義猜測(cè)題。通過畫線詞后面"thatJuliacouldbarelyunderstandher（Julia幾乎聽不懂Cynthia說的話）”

可推知，畫線詞jumbled意為“不清楚的、不完全明白的"。故選B項(xiàng)。

18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Hesuspectedshemightbehavingastrokeherecognizedthesignsfromwhen

hisownfatherhadsufferedone.（他懷疑她可能中風(fēng)了---他認(rèn)出了他父親遭受痛苦時(shí)的癥狀?？芍?，Charlie

通過他父親中風(fēng)時(shí)的癥狀對(duì)比Cynihia的癥狀，推測(cè)她得了中風(fēng)。故選D項(xiàng)。

19.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Virtuallearninghasbeenachallengeacrossthecountry,butit'sfairtosay

thatithashelpedthemunitygrowcloser.（虛擬學(xué)習(xí)，但公平的說，它懵助社區(qū)變

得更加緊密“可推知，作者認(rèn)為虛擬學(xué)習(xí)帶來的好處多于挑戰(zhàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。

6

TheuseofAI（artificialintelligence）isbeingmoremoninmanybranchesofindustrya