Unit3UndertheseaPart1清單式背誦——主干知識(shí)一遍過(guò)1.witnessvt.當(dāng)場(chǎng)見(jiàn)到；目擊n.目擊者；證人；證據(jù)?witnesssth/that...目擊……witnessto(doing)sth證實(shí)/證明(做)某事witnesstohavingdonesth證明做過(guò)某事?awitnessof/tosth某事/物的目擊者/見(jiàn)證人/證明/證據(jù)bear/givewitnessto...為……作證；證明eg.(2021·天津3月卷書(shū)面表達(dá))Ourcitywitnessesfourdifferentseasons，plentyofsunshineandgoodrainfall，butinwinteryoumayfeelalittlecold.(景點(diǎn)介紹)我們的城市見(jiàn)證了四個(gè)不同的季節(jié)，陽(yáng)光充足，雨量充沛，但在冬天你可能會(huì)感到有點(diǎn)冷。【點(diǎn)撥】英語(yǔ)中常使用擬人修辭手法的句子，主語(yǔ)通常是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或心愛(ài)之物，如車(chē)、船等的名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為witness，see，find等。2.oppositeprep.在……對(duì)面adj.相對(duì)的；相反的n.反義詞；對(duì)立面；對(duì)立物?beoppositeto與……相對(duì)；在……對(duì)面intheoppositedirection向反方向?theoppositeof...……的反義詞/對(duì)立面eg.(四川卷書(shū)面表達(dá))Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency,whilebadonesleadtotheopposite.(學(xué)校生活)好的習(xí)慣經(jīng)常使得效率增高，而不好的習(xí)慣效果恰恰相反。3.dragvt.拖；拉；扯dragsbdown使某人沮喪dragone’sfeet/heels做事拖拉；遲遲不做drag...outof...把……從……中拖出來(lái)dragsbinto(doing)sth把某人拖入到(做)某事中eg.(2022·廣州模擬)Shewasstandingsidewaysnearaplatform,dressedinaplaincoat，draggingasuitcase,andholdingaplasticbagintheotherhand.她側(cè)著身子站在站臺(tái)附近，穿著一件便衣，拖著一個(gè)手提箱，另一只手拿著一個(gè)塑料袋。4.urgevt.催促(press)；驅(qū)策(inspire)；極力主張(advocate)n.強(qiáng)烈的欲望(desire)；沖動(dòng)?urgesbeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth,intodoingsth))催促某人做某事urgesth/sbon催促某物/某人前進(jìn)urgethat...(should)dosth極力主張/強(qiáng)調(diào)……做某事Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth堅(jiān)決要求……做某事?have/feelanurgetodosth渴望做某事?urgentadj.緊急的；迫切的urgencyn.緊迫；急迫；急事eg.Westronglyurgetheschooltostopthiscasefromhappeningagain.我們強(qiáng)烈要求學(xué)校阻止這種情況再次發(fā)生。5.abandonvt.放棄；遺棄；拋棄n.放任；放縱?abandononeselfto...沉湎于……；縱情于……(to為介詞)abandondoingsth放棄做某事?withabandon放縱地；放任地?abandonedadj.被遺棄的；無(wú)約束的；無(wú)度的；放縱的beabandonedto沉湎于……eg.(陜西卷書(shū)面表達(dá))Iwishthatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherless－competitiveevent.我希望運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)可以被取消，替換為一些不那么激烈的賽事。【同義】desert，quit，giveup6.help(...)out幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難；協(xié)助；使(某人)脫離困境?helpsbwith/(to)dosth幫助某人某事/做某事can’thelpdoingsth忍不住做某事can’thelp(to)dosth不能幫著做某事can’thelpbutdosth只得做某事；不得不做某事helpyourself(tosth)隨便自己動(dòng)手(夾菜吃、用……)?withthehelpofsb＝withsb’shelp在某人的幫助下beofhelpto＝behelpfulto對(duì)……有幫助eg.(2019·北京卷書(shū)面表達(dá))Ihopethesesuggestionsabovewillbeofsomehelptoyou.(建議信)我希望以上這些建議能對(duì)你有所幫助。7.targetn.目標(biāo)(goal)；靶；受批評(píng)的對(duì)象vt.把……當(dāng)作批評(píng)對(duì)象；以……為攻擊目標(biāo)?aimatthetarget瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)hit/missthetarget中/脫靶?targetsthon/at把某物對(duì)準(zhǔn)……8.reflectvt.映射；反射vt.&vi.思考?reflecton/uponsth反省/認(rèn)真思考某事reflectsb/sthinsth(指鏡子等)映出某人/物的影像bereflectedin倒映在；反映在?reflectionn.反射，反映；映像；沉思o(jì)nreflection再三考慮belostinreflection陷入深思中?reflectiveadj.沉思的；反映的；反射的eg.Incommonwithothertraditionalfestivals，theMid－autumnFestivalreflectsChineseculturaltraditions.(傳統(tǒng)文化)與其他傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日一樣，中秋節(jié)反映了中國(guó)的文化傳統(tǒng)。9.awareadj.意識(shí)到的；知道的?be/becomeawareof對(duì)……知道、明白；意識(shí)到……beawarethat...意識(shí)到/體會(huì)到……makesbawarethat/of...提醒某人注意……asfarasI’maware據(jù)我所知?awarenessn.意識(shí)；認(rèn)識(shí)raiseanawarenessof...提高……的意識(shí)developanawarenessof...培養(yǎng)……的意識(shí)eg.Asamemberofsociety,I’mawarethatbeingresponsibleiswhatittakestomakeabettersociety.(倡議書(shū))作為社會(huì)的一員，我意識(shí)到有責(zé)任感是建設(shè)更好社會(huì)所需要的。10.upsidedown上下翻轉(zhuǎn)turn...upsidedown把……翻得亂七八糟；使……凌亂不堪insideout里邊朝外；徹底地11.scarevt.恐嚇(frighten)vi.受驚嚇?scaresbtodeath把某人嚇得要死scaresbaway/off將某人嚇跑?scaredadj.害怕的；驚恐的bescaredofsb/sth害怕某人/某事bescaredtodosth害怕做某事bescaredthat...害怕……eg.(2020·浙江7月卷)Weyelledatthebear,hitpotshard,andfiredblankshotgunshellsintotheair.Sometimesloudnoiseslikethesewillscarebearsoff.我們對(duì)著熊大喊大叫，使勁地打罐子，并向空中發(fā)射了空獵槍炮彈。有時(shí)像這樣的大噪音會(huì)把熊?chē)樑堋＝滩脑~塊1.sortoutmyaccommodation整理我的住處2.yellout大叫3.aheadofme在我的前面4.headoutintothebay駛?cè)牒?.inthemeantime在此期間；與此同時(shí)6.rundowntotheshore跑到海邊7.crashdown墜落8.blackandwhite黑白相間9.awhalehunt獵鯨行動(dòng)10.apackofexciteddogs一群受刺激的狗11.inthewarmnightair在溫暖的夜空下12.adayofpuremagic充滿魔力的一天13.awholenewdimensionoflife一個(gè)全新的生活空間14.thevividcolours鮮艷的色彩15.inthewavinglongthinseaweed在波動(dòng)著的細(xì)長(zhǎng)的海藻里16.strongsharpteeth利齒17.frombehindsomecoral從珊瑚后邊18.beatwildly急劇地跳動(dòng)著教材佳句1.Itwasatimewhenthekillerwhales，or“killers”astheywerethencalled，helpedthewhalerscatchthebaleenwhalesthatwereontheirannualmigration.(itwasatimewhen...)那個(gè)時(shí)期，虎鯨(當(dāng)時(shí)被稱(chēng)為“殺手”)幫助捕鯨人在每年須鯨遷徙時(shí)捕捉須鯨。2.Aswedrewcloser，Icouldseeawhalebeingattackedbyapackofaboutsixotherkillers.(seesbdoing)隨著我們靠近，我能看見(jiàn)一條鯨魚(yú)正在被其他六條虎鯨襲擊。3.Thiswasthecallthatannouncedtherewasabouttobeawhalehunt.(beabouttodo)這是宣告捕鯨行動(dòng)馬上就要開(kāi)始的呼聲。4.I’msittinginthewarmnightairwithacolddrinkinmyhand.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))我坐在溫暖的夜空下，手里拿著一瓶冷飲。Thewaterwasquiteshallowbutwherethereefended，therewasasteepdroptothesandyoceanfloor.水很淺，但到了珊瑚礁的盡頭，就有一個(gè)陡坡，一直下降到滿是沙子的海底。句型公式|where...therebe...(1)where可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)。(2)where可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾它前面的名詞。(3)where可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。①Asthesayinggoes，“Wherethere’ssmoke，there’sfire.”(狀語(yǔ)從句)俗話說(shuō)：“無(wú)煙不起火?！雹?2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay.(定語(yǔ)從句)或者把談話變成一個(gè)他們沒(méi)什么可說(shuō)的話題。③Whereweshouldhavepicnichasn’tbeendecided.(主語(yǔ)從句)我們應(yīng)該在哪里野餐還沒(méi)有決定。Part2學(xué)案式檢測(cè)——背誦效果速評(píng)估(限時(shí)20分鐘)Ⅰ.單詞過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)——英漢互譯1.witnessvt.當(dāng)場(chǎng)見(jiàn)到；目擊n.目擊者；證人；證據(jù)2.pausevi.&n.暫停；中止3.dragvt.拖；拉；扯4.urgevt.催促；極力主張；驅(qū)策5.annualadj.每年的；按年度計(jì)算的n.年刊；年鑒6.neatadj.〈口〉好的；整齊的；勻稱(chēng)的7.teamworkn.協(xié)作；配合8.fleevi.逃避；逃跑vt.逃離9.narrowadj.狹窄的；有限的；狹隘的10.targetn.目標(biāo)；靶；受批評(píng)的對(duì)象11.shoren.岸；海濱12.suckvt.&vi.吮吸13.tiden.潮(汐)；潮水；潮流14.flashlightn.閃光信號(hào)燈；手電筒；閃光燈15.shallowadj.淺的；膚淺的；淺顯的16.yellvi.大叫；呼喊n.叫聲；喊聲17.conservationn.保存；保護(hù)18.awesomeadj.使人敬畏的；令人畏懼的課外拓展延伸——詞形變換1.vividadj.生動(dòng)的；鮮明的；鮮艷的→vividlyadv.生動(dòng)地；強(qiáng)烈地2.annualadj.每年的；按年度計(jì)算的n.年刊；年鑒→annuallyadv.每年地；年度地→anniversaryn.周年紀(jì)念3.accommodatevt.提供住宿→accommodationn.住所；住宿4.abandonvt.放棄；遺棄；拋棄→abandonedadj.被拋棄的；放蕩的；無(wú)約束的5.reflectvi.思考vt.映射；反射；思考→reflectiveadj.反射的；反光的；深思的；反映……的→reflectionn.映像；思考；反映6.scarevt.恐嚇vi.受驚嚇→scaredadj.恐懼的；害怕的→scaryadj.引起恐慌的→scaringadj.可怕的7.tasten.味道vt.&vi.品嘗→tastyadj.好吃的；可口的→tastelessadj.無(wú)味的；不可口的8.deepadj.&adv.深深的(地)→deeplyadv.深深地→depthn.深(度)；深處→deepenvt.&vi.使加深；使強(qiáng)烈；變深；變低沉9.narrowadj.狹窄的；有限的；狹隘的→narrowlyadv.勉強(qiáng)地；狹窄地；嚴(yán)密地10.sharpadj.銳利的；鋒利的；敏捷的→sharpenvt.&vi.削尖；磨快；尖銳；變鋒利11.awareadj.意識(shí)到的；知道的→awarenessn.意識(shí)；認(rèn)識(shí)12.relatev.使有聯(lián)系；敘述；涉及→relatedadj.有關(guān)系的；有關(guān)聯(lián)的→relationn.關(guān)系；敘述→relationshipn.關(guān)系；血緣關(guān)系；交往Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)詞塊過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)——英漢互譯1.ahead__of優(yōu)于；在……前面2.aim__at瞄準(zhǔn)3.in__the__meantime在此期間；與此同時(shí)4.help(...)__out幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難5.be/become__aware__of對(duì)……知道、明白；意識(shí)到……6.upside__down上下翻轉(zhuǎn)7.be__scared__to__death嚇得要死8.holdup舉起；抬起；支撐；阻擋；使延誤9.beabouttodosth即將做某事；將要10.getcloseto靠近11.blackandwhite黑白相間12.awhalehunt獵鯨行動(dòng)13.inthewarmnightair在溫暖的夜空下14.thevividcolours鮮艷的色彩15.strongsharpteeth利齒16.beatwildly急劇地跳動(dòng)著課外拓展延伸——英漢互譯1.be__opposite__to與……相對(duì)；在……對(duì)面2.drag...out__of...把……從……中拖出來(lái)3.urge__sth/sb__on催促某物/某人前進(jìn)4.with__abandon放縱地；放任地5.can’t__help__doing__sth忍不住做某事6.inside__out里邊朝外；徹底地7.bescaredtodosth害怕做某事8.targetsthon/at把某物對(duì)準(zhǔn)……9.belostinreflection陷入深思中10.raiseanawarenessof...提高……的意識(shí)11.bear/givewitnessto...為……作證；證明Ⅲ.句式過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)——補(bǔ)全句子1.那個(gè)時(shí)期，虎鯨(當(dāng)時(shí)被稱(chēng)為“殺手”)幫助捕鯨人在每年須鯨遷徙時(shí)捕捉須鯨。(time)It__was__a__time__whenthekillerwhales，or“killers”astheywerethencalled，helpedthewhalerscatchthebaleenwhalesthatwereontheirannualmigration.2.隨著我們靠近，我能看見(jiàn)一條鯨魚(yú)正在被其他六條虎鯨襲擊。(seesbdoing)Aswedrewcloser，Icouldsee__a__whale__being__attacked__by__a__pack__of__about__six__other__killers.3.這是宣告捕鯨行動(dòng)馬上就要開(kāi)始的呼聲。(beabouttodo)Thiswasthecallthatannouncedthere__was__about__to__be__a__whale__hunt.4.我坐在溫暖的夜空下，手里拿著一瓶冷飲。(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))I’msittinginthewarmnightairwith__a__cold__drink__in__my__hand.5.水很淺，但到了珊瑚礁的盡頭，就有一個(gè)陡坡，一直下降到滿是沙子的海底。(where...therebe...)Thewaterwasquiteshallowbutwhere__the__reef__ended，there__was__a__steep__droptothesandyoceanfloor.課外拓展延伸——補(bǔ)全句子1.俗話說(shuō)：“無(wú)煙不起火?！?where...therebe...)Asthesayinggoes，“Where__there’s__smoke，there’s__fire.”2.我希望運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)可以被取消，替換為一些不那么激烈的賽事。(abandon)Iwishthatsports__day__could__be__abandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherless－competitiveevent.3.我希望以上這些建議能對(duì)你有所幫助。(beofhelp)Ihopethese__suggestions__above__will__be__of__some__help__to__you.4.與其他傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日一樣，中秋節(jié)反映了中國(guó)的文化傳統(tǒng)。(reflect)Incommonwithothertraditionalfestivals，the__Mid－autumn__Festival__reflects__Chinese__cultural__traditions.5.作為社會(huì)的一員，我意識(shí)到有責(zé)任感是建設(shè)更好社會(huì)所需要的。(aware)Asamemberofsociety，I’m__aware__thatbeingresponsibleiswhatittakestomakeabettersociety.Part3層級(jí)式精練——單元要點(diǎn)全練通1.witness用法個(gè)個(gè)清——猜詞義/練用法/寫(xiě)美句①(北京卷書(shū)面表達(dá))Theteahousewitnessedareallyenjoyabletimeforallofus.__vt.見(jiàn)證②Thekeywitnesstotheaccidentwasofferedpoliceprotectionaftershereceiveddeaththreats.關(guān)鍵證人③(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)However，herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessing(witness)theirmotherearnherdegree.④(2022·青島模擬)看到善良的效果之后，我決定送給母親芬芳的鮮花。Having__witnessed__the__effect__of__kindness，IdecidedtosendMomthesweetflowers.2.urge用法一遍過(guò)——練用法/寫(xiě)美句①(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Ineverfeltanurgetolearnanysignlanguagebefore.②(2019·天津卷)Howdoesanearly－warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance？Bysignalingtheurgent(urge)needfortakingpreventiveaction.③Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrento__take(take)advantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.④Parentsshouldactivelyurgethat__their__children__(should)__take__advantage__of__the__opportunity__to__join__sports__teams.(把③改為復(fù)合句)3.abandon用法多棱鏡——練用法/寫(xiě)美句①Theyshouldabandonplaying(play)computergamesandcheatingintheexams.②Withoutworryingaboutanything,sheabandonedherselftoalifeofpleasure.③(2022·長(zhǎng)沙模擬)我正要放棄希望，就在這時(shí)，我的爸爸過(guò)來(lái)鼓勵(lì)我要繼續(xù)下去。Iwas__about__to__abandon__hope__when__myfathercameandencouragedmetokeepgoing.4.reflect用法巧練通——猜詞義/練用法/寫(xiě)美句①(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Asthesmallboatmovedgentlyalongtheriver，hewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.vt.映射；反射②(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputtouse.一排反光板③(2020·天津5月卷)Itenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago.④(2022·臨沂模擬)由于陷入深思中，他沒(méi)注意我說(shuō)的話。Lost__in__deep__reflection，hepaidnoattentiontowhatIhadsaid.5.help短語(yǔ)一網(wǎng)收——練用法/寫(xiě)美句①(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh－techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild，butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath－relatedskills.②Ican’thelpwondering(wonder)whathappenedtothatlittlegirl.③Withsomuchworktodo，hecan’thelpbutask(ask)hisfriendsforhelp.④因?yàn)樗俏易詈玫呐笥?，?dāng)我遇到麻煩時(shí)他肯定會(huì)幫我。Asheismybestfriend，whenIamintroublehewill__certainly__help__me__out.6.aware用法點(diǎn)點(diǎn)練——練用法/寫(xiě)美句①I(mǎi)nyogawedevelopawareness(aware)ofourbodyandourbreathing.②Wearefullyawarethatitisnecessaryforustocarryoutalow－carboneconomyinourdailylife.③(2019·北京卷)Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally，you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness(aware).④我想為大熊貓發(fā)言，這樣我可以更多地了解如何保護(hù)它們，提高人們的動(dòng)物保護(hù)意識(shí)。IwouldliketospeakforpandassothatIcanlearnmoreabouthowtoprotectthemandraise__people’s__awareness__of__animal__protection.⑤(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))Throughparticipatinginthispickingactivity，Ihaverealizedthesignificanceofwork.→Throughparticipatinginthispickingactivity，Ihavebecome__aware__ofthesignificanceofwork.7.“where引導(dǎo)從句”句型薈萃——練用法/寫(xiě)美句寫(xiě)出下列句中where分別引導(dǎo)何種從句①(2020·北京卷)Afeldidn’treallyunderstandbecausetherewasnorealsnowwherehelived.狀語(yǔ)從句②(2020·北京卷)Someuniversitystudentscarriedoutacampaignwheretheyspenttheirwholedaywithoutcellphones.定語(yǔ)從句③(2020·北京卷)TheyalsoattachedGPSdevicestothebacksof58birds，whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent，24hoursaday.賓語(yǔ)從句④(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))一個(gè)新的體育館在一年前還是草地的地方拔地而起?！鶤newstadiumhasarisenwhere__there__was__nothing__but__a__grasslandayearago.(狀語(yǔ)從句)→Anewstadiumhasarisenin__the__place__where__there__was__nothing__but__a__grasslandayearago.(定語(yǔ)從句)維度一詞形變化練1.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Also,itgivesourparentsmoretimetodowhattheylikeanditimprovesthefamilyrelationship(relation).2.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Fieldsofflowers，tile－roofed(瓦屋頂)villagesandtasty(taste)mealsenrichthiswonderfulexperience.3.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)TherearethreebooksIrereadannually(annual).4.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepth(deep)ofyourmotivation.5.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))Asaresult，adequatepreparationisurgently(urge)needed，includingpractice，nutritionandaperfectplan.6.Mary’sdescriptionofthepartywassovivid(vividly)thatIfeltasifIhadbeenthere.7.SoIranbackhomealmostinthedarkwhiletryingnottogettooscared(scare).8.Heturnedaroundandnarrowly(narrow)escapedbeinghitbyacar.維度二固定用法練1.Tolookforthelostnecklace，themanaccompanyinghisparentsturnedthewholeroomupsidedown.2.Thereasonisthatmoreandmorepeopledesiretogetclosetonature.3.Henrywassortingouthisstampsintheroomwhensomeoneknockedloudlyathisdoor.4.Lilyisveryshyandsheisscaredofspeakinginfrontofotherpeople.5.Fromnowon，don’ttakemetowatchhorriblemovies.Iwasscaredtodeathlastnight.6.Shestudiessohardthatsheisalwayswellaheadoftherestoftheclass.7.Oppositetothelecturehallistheartcenter，wheretherearemanyChineseandforeignfamouspaintings.8.ItwasonceatimewhenIhadnointerestinstudyandwantedtodropoutofschool.維度三語(yǔ)境辨義練■熟詞生義——根據(jù)語(yǔ)境寫(xiě)出加黑詞的詞性和詞義1.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare？adj.極好的，了不起的2.(2019·北京卷)Armedwiththisknowledge，they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.adj.針對(duì)性的3.(2019·天津卷)Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.vt.使縮小，使變窄4.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders，somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren’slives.adj.(數(shù)量的上升或下降)急劇的■一詞多義——根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選出sharp的含義A.adj.(感官)敏銳的B.adj.劇烈的，猛烈的C.adj.刻薄的；尖刻的D.adj.鋒利的E.adj.急劇的；明顯的1.(2020·浙江7月卷)Othermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage，astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.A2.(2020·浙江7月卷)Othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.E3.(2019·江蘇卷)Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago，despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools，livedinconstantfearofmeat－eatinganimals.D4.AsfarasIknow，hehasasharptongue.C5.Ifeltasharppaininmyback.That’swhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.B人與自然——環(huán)境保護(hù)用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)完成作文近十年來(lái)很多海洋生物滅絕了，引起全世界的廣泛關(guān)注。假設(shè)你是李華，請(qǐng)?jiān)诃h(huán)境保護(hù)日寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于保護(hù)海洋的英文演講稿。要點(diǎn)如下：1.海洋受到污染的現(xiàn)狀；2.保護(hù)海洋的重要性。Asweallknow，1.there__are__varieties__of__resources__at__the__depth__of__the__ocean(在海洋深處有各種各樣的資源).However，2.the__past__decade__has__witnessed(過(guò)去十年見(jiàn)證了)thatmanymarinecreatureshavediedout.Therefore，marinepollutionhasbeengreatlyconcernedbythewholeworld.Ontheonehand，wemust3.make__people__aware__of__the__importance__of__protecting__the__ocean(使人們意識(shí)到保護(hù)海洋的重要性)，becausetoprotecttheoceanistoprotecthumanbeings.Ontheotherhand，thegovernmentshouldurgethat4.immediate__measures__(should)__be__taken(應(yīng)該立即采取措施)tokeepthebalanceofnature.Nomatterhowgreatthedifficultyis，5.never__will__we__abandon__protecting__the__ocean(我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)放棄保護(hù)海洋).Part4配餐式作業(yè)——高考題型精準(zhǔn)練(限時(shí)30分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2022·鄭州市第三次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))ItwasanafternooninAugust.Iwasjustshortofturning18.Istoodinfrontofasix－story，redbrickbuilding.Itwastobemynewhomeforthenextseveralyears.Itwasmyfirstdayofcollege，andIwasveryexcited.Ihadtwosuitcasesandabagwithme.EverythingIthoughtIwouldneedwaspackedinthem.Icarriedthemupthefiveflightsofstairstomydormandwonderedwhatlifehadinstoreforme—ayounggirl.ItwasanotherafternooninAugust.Iwasjustshortofturning42.Mydaughterwas18，andwewerestandinginfrontofthesamebuildingatthesamecollegethatIhadbeentoyearsbefore.IsmiledasIhelpedhercarryherthingsuptoherroom，butIalsonoticedthatweweremakingmorethanonetrip.Allthestudentsseemedtohavemuchmorestuff(東西)thanIdidallthoseyearsago.Yet，itdidn’tseemtomakethingsanybetterforthem.Infact，theylookedmorestressed.AsIthrewdownanotherboxofmydaughter’sstuff，Iwonderedwhatlifehadinstoreforher.LastnightIhadadreamthatI’dhadmanytimesbefore.IwasbackinthatsamedormwithmybelongingspiledonmybedsearchingformycoursebookandwonderingwhatclassesIwouldtake.Ioftenwonderedwhatthisdreammeant，butwhenIwokeupthismorning，itbecamecrystalcleartome.Wearesometimesteachersinthislife，butwearealwaysstudentsinit.Weareheretolearntoloveourselvesandeveryoneasourselves.Ittakesalifetime.Thestuffwecarrywithusthroughthislifedoesn’tmatteratall.Itisthestuffwecarryinsideofuswhenweleavethislifethatcounts.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是記敘文。作者對(duì)自己和女兒第一天上大學(xué)時(shí)的場(chǎng)景進(jìn)行了回憶，并感悟到，我們都是生活的學(xué)生，需要終生學(xué)習(xí)，我們?cè)谏钪袑W(xué)到了什么很重要。1.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthernewlifeincollege?A.Calm. B.Confident.C.Thrilled. D.Disappointed.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中講到的“Itwasmyfirstdayofcollege，andIwasveryexcited”可知，作者對(duì)于自己嶄新的大學(xué)生活感到興奮。]2.Whatdidtheauthorfindaboutthestudentsonherdaughter’sfirstdayofcollege?A.Theywerefriendlytoeachother.B.Theyfeltcuriousaboutanewlifeahead.C.Theygoteverythingreadyfortheircollege.D.Theyweremoreworriedthanshewasatcollege.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Yet，itdidn’tseemtomakethingsanybetterforthem.Infact，theylookedmorestressed”可知，作者認(rèn)為帶更多東西好像并沒(méi)有讓事情變得更好，事實(shí)上他們看起來(lái)比作者當(dāng)年更焦慮。]3.Whatdidtheauthor’sdreammeantoher?A.Shehadtokeeplearningallherlife.B.Sheoughttolearntoloveherdaughter.C.Shewassureshecouldbeagoodteacher.D.Shewasnotwellpreparedforherclasses.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Wearesometimesteachers...Ittakesalifetime”可知，作者的夢(mèng)境意味著我們每個(gè)人都是生活的學(xué)生，我們的一生都得花在學(xué)習(xí)上。]4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthepassage?A.Hewholovesothersistobeloved.B.Whatwelearninlifeisofsignificance.C.Lifeisajourneywithmanydifficulties.D.Weshouldbeconfidentaboutourfuture.答案B[推理判斷題。作者通過(guò)對(duì)比自己和女兒大學(xué)第一天的表現(xiàn)，揭示了我們都是生活的學(xué)生，需要花一生去學(xué)習(xí)，最后一句“Itisthestuffwecarryinsideofuswhenweleavethislifethatcounts”升華了主題，故B項(xiàng)“我們?cè)谏钪袑W(xué)到了什么是重要的”是作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。]【詞匯積累】1.beshortof缺乏……；離……不遠(yuǎn)2.instore即將發(fā)生3.stressedadj.緊張的；感到有壓力的4.belongingsn.所有物；(隨身)財(cái)物5.crystal/'kr?stl/n.結(jié)晶，晶體；水晶(玻璃)6.count熟義：v.數(shù)數(shù)；計(jì)算總數(shù)生義：v.重要B(2022·武漢市三月質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Killerwhales，ororcas，areknownfortheirsevereattacksonseaanimalsbuttheyhaveneverposedathreattohumans.However，sincelateJuly，thenormallysocialanimalshavebeenintentionallyattackingsailboatsoffthecoastsofSpainandPortugal.ThestrangebehaviorfirstsurfacedonJuly29，2020，whena46－footboatwasrepeatedlyattackedforalmostanhourbynineorcas，causingtheboattorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))180degreesandhavingitsengineswitchedoff.Sincethen，over30moresimilarincidentshavebeenreported.OnSeptember23，2020，Spain’sgovernmentbannedboatsoflessthan50feetinlengthfromsailinginthe60－milestretchoftheAtlanticcoastlinebetweenFerrolandtheEstacadeBaresCape，wheretheattackshavebeenoccurring.Researchersacrosstheworldaretryingtoexplaintheorcas’behavior.Somebelieveitcouldbearesultoftheoverfishingofthebluefintuna—theorcas’primaryfoodsource—whichhasleftthearea’skillerwhalesstarvingandunabletofeedtheirbabies.“Isawthemlookatboatscarryingfish.Ithinktheyknowhumansaresomehowrelatedtofoodshortages，”saysKenBalcomb，seniorscientistattheCenterforWhaleResearchinWashington，USA.Theenvironmentalistsbelievethesuddenincreaseinboattrafficandfishingactivities，aftermonthsofabsenceduetorestrictionsonhumanactivitylastspring，couldalsobecontributingtothe__agitation.However，AlfredoLópez，abiologyprofessorinGalicia，Spain，thinkstheattacksaredefensivemeasurestheorcasadoptedtoprotectthemselvesagainstboatinjuries.Theresearchercametothisconclusionafterlookingatthevideosofafewincidentsandnoticingthattwooftheyoungkillerwhalesinvolvedhadseriousinjuries.Hopefully，theexpertswillbeabletofindawaytorestoretheharmonybetweentheanimalsandthehumanssoon.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。虎鯨以兇猛攻擊海洋動(dòng)物而聞名，但是從七月下旬開(kāi)始，虎鯨開(kāi)始故意攻擊西班牙和葡萄牙海岸的船只。一些科學(xué)家研究了虎鯨的這種行為并作出了解釋。5.Whatdoweknowaboutorcasinparagraph1?A.Theyarefriendlytohumans.B.Theyhavechangedtheirbehavior.C.Theyarefamousforhuntingskills.D.Theyhavemettoughlivingconditions.答案B[推理判斷題。文章第一段講虎鯨以兇猛攻擊海洋動(dòng)物而聞名，但它們從未對(duì)人類(lèi)構(gòu)成威脅。然而，從七月下旬開(kāi)始，這種通常群居的動(dòng)物開(kāi)始故意攻擊西班牙和葡萄牙海岸的船只。顯然由此可判斷出，虎鯨已經(jīng)改變了它們的行為。]6.Whohold(s)theideathatfishingactivitiescausedtheincidents?A.KenBalcomb.B.Theenvironmentalists.C.AlfredoLópez.D.Spain’sgovernment.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段中KenBalcomb說(shuō)：“我看見(jiàn)它們看著載著魚(yú)的船。我想虎鯨知道人類(lèi)與它們的食物短缺有關(guān)?！庇纱丝梢?jiàn)，KenBalcomb認(rèn)為是捕魚(yú)活動(dòng)引發(fā)了這些事件。]7.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theagitation”inparagraph3referto?A.Theattacks. B.Foodshortages.C.Theoverfishing. D.Humanactivity.答案A[詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)該詞前“thesuddenincrease...onhumanactivitylastspring”可知，由于去年春天時(shí)人類(lèi)活動(dòng)受到限制，幾個(gè)月之后，船只運(yùn)輸和捕魚(yú)活動(dòng)的突然增加，也可能是虎鯨“攻擊”船只的原因。而文章在前面也一直討論關(guān)于虎鯨“攻擊”船只的話題，agitation的意思是“騷動(dòng)”。]8.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthistext?A.Howdokillerwhalesattackhumans?B.Whyarekillerwhalesattackingboats?C.Howcanweliveinharmonywithanimals?D.Whyareboatsbannedfromsailingonthesea?答案B[主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，虎鯨開(kāi)始故意攻擊西班牙和葡萄牙海岸的船只；第二段用具體的事例說(shuō)明了虎鯨故意攻擊的一些情況；第三、四段主要說(shuō)明了世界各地的研究人員都在試圖解釋虎鯨的行為。顯然B項(xiàng)“為何虎鯨要攻擊船只？”符合文章主旨。]【詞匯積累】1.surface熟義：n.表面；表層生義：v.出現(xiàn)，呈現(xiàn)2.intentionally/?n'ten??n?li/adv.有意地，故意地3.rotate/r??'te?t/v.旋轉(zhuǎn)4.harmonyn.和諧5.defensivemeasures防御措施Ⅱ.完形填空(2022·合肥市高三第二次檢測(cè))JustafterIreturnedtoTurkey,IwasfortunatetomeetGeorgeandhislovelywifeLaura.AsIwasfairlynewtoTurkey，theyhelpedmeoutwith__1__suchasbusroutesandrestaurantrecommendations,allveryimportantfora__2__returnee.OnedayIhappenedtodiscoverthatGeorge’sbalconywas__3__withmothercatsandkittens(小貓).Iwastotallyblownaway.WhenlivinginTurkey,Ifoundtheanimal__4__wasamongthehardesttobear.Itwas__5__forstreetanimalstobepoisoned,beatenandkickedorhavestonesthrownatthem.__6__suchasafecornerformothercatsandkittensfilledmydaywith__7__.Likemanyretirees,GeorgeandLaurawerelivingona__8__.AspetfoodisgenerallyveryexpensiveinTurkey,they__9__theirhouseguestsadietofbread,fishandwhatevermeatgoing__10__inthebutcher’s.Soontheirbalconybecamea__11__forexpectantmother(準(zhǔn)媽媽)catstosafely__12__theirkittens,which,inasense,couldkeepthem__13__ofkillers,severeweatherandcruelty.Lauraalso__14__neighboringTurkishchildrentomeettheyoungcatsinthehopeofre－educatingthenextgeneration,whichmight__15__improvethelivesofstreetanimals.Theirobvious__16__inhelpingtofeedandplaywiththesesmallliveswas__17__ajoyforLauratowatch.WhileIknowthatnoonecan__18__allthestreetanimals,theyhaveabsolutelymadeahuge__19__forthepreciouslittlelivesintheircare.Teachingchildrentobe__20__anim