第四節(jié)特殊句式【考點精析】考點1祈使句祈使句用來表達說話人的請求、命令、建議、勸告等。祈使句的主語一般為第二人稱(通常省略)，有時也可用everybody,someone,anybody等不定代詞。祈使句的4種形式：(1)動詞原形(＋賓語＋其他成分)；(2)Be＋表語，如Behonest.；(3)Let’s/Letusdo/notdosth；(4)祈使句＋and/or＋簡單句(簡單句謂語用一般將來時)?？键c2感嘆句(1)what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句·What＋a/an＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！·What＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！Whatlovelychildrentheyare!他們是多么可愛的孩子?。?2)how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句·How＋adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！·How＋adj./adv.＋主語＋謂語！·How＋主語＋謂語！Howinterestingastoryitis!→Whataninterestingstoryitis!這是多么有趣的一個故事啊！Howtimeflies！時間過得真快呀！考點3省略句省略是高考經(jīng)常涉及的語法點，?？嫉膸追N省略情況如下：(1)狀語從句的省略：在when,while,if,asif,though,as,whether等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，如果謂語有be，而主語又跟主句的主語相同或是it，則從句的主語和be常常省略。Themanisrollingonthegroundasif(heis)hurtbadlyintheleg.那個男的在地上打著滾，似乎他的腿傷得厲害。(2)不定式中的省略：在一定的上下文中為了避免重復(fù)，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的動詞(短語)，只保留不定式符號to，否定形式的省略用notto。但如果省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be,have(作助動詞用)，通常保留be或have。Iaskedhimtoseethefilm，buthedidn’twantto(seethefilm).我要他去看電影，但他不想去。(3)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的省略：當(dāng)if從句中有had,should,were時，可以省去if，同時把had,should,were置于句首。Weretheytogetmarried，theywouldbehappy.要是他們結(jié)婚的話，他們會幸福的?？键c4強調(diào)句強調(diào)句是高考考查的難點，在理解強調(diào)句時，學(xué)生要注意以下六點：(1)被強調(diào)部分是人時，連接詞用that/who都可以；非人時，用that。(2)強調(diào)句的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Is/Was＋it＋被強調(diào)的部分＋that/who＋其他部分。(3)強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？WhenwasitthathemovedtoAmerica?他是什么時候搬到美國去的？(4)含not...until...的強調(diào)句型：Itis/wasnotuntil＋...＋that＋其他部分。(5)把句子中的“Itis/was...that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是強調(diào)句，否則就不是強調(diào)句。(6)如果需要強調(diào)謂語，應(yīng)用助動詞do,does或did。Thefamilydidmanagetosendhimtoatechnicalschool.家里的確設(shè)法讓他上了技術(shù)學(xué)校?？键c5兩種形式的倒裝句(1)部分倒裝①將含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首時引起部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這類詞(組)有：never,seldom,rarely,little,few,atnotime,bynomeans,nolonger,hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...,notonly...butalso...,notuntil,nowhere,neither...nor...等。NotuntilIlostmyjobdidIrealizeIshouldimprovemyworkingskills.直到我失業(yè)了，我才意識到我應(yīng)該提高我的工作技能。②“only＋狀語”置于句首時，主句要進行部分倒裝。Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartwillyoukeepgoodrelationshipswithothers.只有當(dāng)你的心態(tài)平和時，你才能和別人保持良好的關(guān)系。③so/such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中的so,such連同它所修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強調(diào)時，主句要用部分倒裝。Suchgreatprogressdidhemakethathewaspraised.他取得了如此大的進步，因此受到了表揚。④表示前面所說的情況也適用于后者時，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“so/neither/nor＋助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”(so表示肯定意義，neither/nor表示否定意義)。IsawthefilmMyCountry，MyParentslastweek,sodidshe.我上周看了電影《我和我的父輩》，她也看了。(2)完全倒裝here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,away,onthewall,intheroom等表示地點、時間或方位的副詞或介詞短語置于句首，且句子主語為名詞時，句子用全部倒裝。ThePublicSquareisaneye－catchingsightofthecity.Therestandmanystonesculpturesoffamoushistoricalfigures.大眾廣場是這個城市引人注目的景點，許多歷史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。翻譯下列句子1.多么有意義的一次經(jīng)歷啊！(what)What__a__meaningful__experience!2.我正要放棄的時候老師對我喊：“堅持，你會成功的！”(祈使句＋and＋陳述句)I__was__about__to__give__up__when__my__teacher__shouted_at_me，“Keep__up，and__you__will__make__it！”3.懷著巨大的勇氣和決心我才穿過了終點線。(強調(diào)句)It__was__with__great__courage__and__determination__that__I__finally__crossed__the__finishing__line.4.眾所周知，只有通過努力訓(xùn)練我們才能在比賽時表現(xiàn)出色。(only＋介詞短語)As__is__known__to__all，only__by__practicing__hard__can__we__perform__well__in__the__match.5.在后院有兩只在草坪上快樂打滾(tumble)的狗狗。(完全倒裝句)In__the_backyard_were__two_happy_dogs_tumbling__about__on__the__grassland.【分層演練】■層級一模擬達標(biāo)練單句語法填空/單句改錯1.(2022·池州一模)AsoneofthemostwealthyandpowerfuldynastiesinthehistoryofChina,theTangEmpireissofamousintheworldthatforeignerscalltheoverseasChinesepeople“theTangpeople”，theplaceswheretheylive“Chinatown”andtheclothestheywear“Tangsuit”.2.(2022·宣城二模)Tomakemattersworse，somedialectshaveevendisappearedduetotheadoptionofPutonghua__that/whichisrequiredinpublicplaceslikeschoolsandcompanies.3.(2022·贛州一模)“What__deeplytouchedusisthatmanystudentschosetospendthenightsofLunarNewYear’sEveandthenextday,usuallythetimeforfamilygatheringsandrelaxing,studyinginclassrooms，”saidHu.4.(2022·廈門外國語學(xué)校模擬)TheVictoriansweretheoneswhomadeBoxingDayaBankHolidayin1871.5.(2022·肇慶三模)LesssnowcoverinthemountainsisimportantintheWestandAlaska,whichwillgreatlyreducethechancesofdisasterscausedbytoomuchsnow.6.(2022·宜春二模)TouristdestinationsinEuropeareconfidentthatthestronggrowthofChina’swintersportsindustrywillbenefittheireconomies.7.(2022·黃岡二模)Asastudent,Ihopethattheyoungcanfocusmoreattentiononpracticingwhattheyhavelearned.8.(2022·福州四校聯(lián)盟模擬)Expertssaywhatisneedediscontinuousattentionandmaintenance.9.(2022·南昌二模)Theyliveinclosegroups,whichcausedrapidinfectionsamongthem.COVID－19hasthepotentialtowipeoutdifferentkindsofapesif__humansdon’ttakestepstopreventitsspread.10.(2022·萍鄉(xiāng)二模)ThisiswhywehavechosenthesefoursportstopresenttotheInternationalOlympicCommittee.11.(2022·江西重點中學(xué)聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)Makemarkswhichyouhavequestions.which→where12.(2022·石家莊市期末)I’vemadeupmymindtomakeeveryefforttostudy，sohardworkisthekeytosuccess.so→because13.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherethathisemployeesenjoytheirwork.that→where14.I’dlikearoomwhichwindowlooksoutoverthesea.which→whose15.Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingorhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.去掉when■層級二高考真題練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout－of－this－worldscenes.2.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.3.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.4.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodthatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.5.(2020·浙江7月卷)Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlessonwhatcouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.6.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)When/Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.7.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidencethattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.8.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,whichsheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.9.(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.10.(2019·浙江6月卷)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloththat/whichgivesofflightinthedark.Ⅱ.單句改錯1.(2021·全國甲卷)Inmyopinion，whereintrouble，weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmost.where→when/whenever2.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Thankyouforyourletter，whatreallymademehappy.what→which3.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.where→when4.(全國卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.which→where或which前加in5.(全國卷Ⅱ)ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.where→when6.(全國卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.that→which7.(全國卷Ⅰ)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.that→where8.(四川卷)ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.what→that或which，或者去掉what9.(全國卷Ⅱ)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddin－ner，thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.that→which10.(全國卷Ⅱ)Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.where→that或者去掉where■層級三語篇提能練Ⅰ.語法填空Youhaveprobablydreamedabout1.____________youwouldchangetheworld,onlytofind2.____________itseemsimpossible.However,youmayhavethepowertomaketheworldbetterwithbabysteps.That’stheideabehindtheBAChallenge,3.____________isapublicservicecampaignco－initiatedbyAlibabaandSinaWeibo.Itaskspeopletodosomethingpositiveandthenrecordthechangesbeforeandafter.4.____________itfirstappearedonSinaWeiboonSept.2nd,theBAChallengehasattractedmillionsofviewersandparticipants.5.____________theselittlethingsmaybeeasilyignoredinourdailylives,theyarewellreceivedbymanyviewers.答案1.how[考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________youwouldchangetheworld”是介詞about的賓語，根據(jù)句意“你也許夢想如何改變世界”可知，此處用how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。]2.that[考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________itseemsimpossible”是find的賓語，從句在結(jié)構(gòu)和句意上均完整，故用that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。]3.which[考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是theBAChallenge，指物，從句中缺少主語，故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。]4.Since[考查狀語從句。該句主句是現(xiàn)在完成時，從句是一般過去時，根據(jù)時間先后可知，“英王挑戰(zhàn)賽首次出現(xiàn)在新浪微博上”是發(fā)生在“吸引了數(shù)百萬觀眾和參與者”之前的動作，故此處用since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表“自從”。]5.Though/Although/While[考查狀語從句。根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“這些小事在我們的日常生活中很容易被忽視”和“他們受很多觀眾的歡迎”是讓步關(guān)系，應(yīng)用Though/Although/While“盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。]Ⅱ.短文改錯IamwritingtoshowmydeeplyapologyfornotbeingabletomakemydailyreportthisFridaywhenIhavebeenpreparingandexpecting.IwasscheduledtoparticipateinacompetitionwithotherrepresentativeofourschoolonFriday.However，thereislittletimeleftforthereport.Itisrealpityjusttoletthechanceslipsaway.Isincerelyhopeyoucanrearrangeyourpresentation，sothatIcanbeofferedwithanotheropportunity.Onceagain，Iamsorryforanyinconveniencecausingandpleaseacceptmyapology.答案與解析Iamwritingtoshowmyeq\f(deeply,①deep)apologyfornotbeingabletomakemydailyreportthisFridayeq\f(when,②which/that)/Ihavebeenpreparingandexpecting.Ieq\f(was,③am)scheduledtoparticipateinacom