2025年英語寫作未來城市交通規(guī)劃能力測試試卷(附答案)注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷共三部分，滿分100分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.所有答案需用黑色簽字筆填寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷上無效。第一部分閱讀理解（共20分）閱讀以下兩篇短文，完成1-10題。Passage1Urbantrafficcongestionhaslongbeena"citydisease"plaguingmetropolisesworldwide.In2024,theWorldUrbanTransportReportrevealedthattheaverageannualtimewastedintrafficjamsforcommutersinmegacitiesexceeded120hours,withairpollutionfromidlingvehiclescontributing25%tourbanPM2.5levels.Toaddressthis,innovativesolutionsareemergingglobally.TakeSongdo,asmartcityinSouthKorea,asanexample.Builtfromscratchonreclaimedland,Songdointegratesa"4DTrafficManagementSystem"(4DTMS).Thesystemusesreal-timedatafrom50,000sensorsembeddedinroads,trafficlights,andvehiclestopredictcongestion30minutesinadvance.Forinstance,whenatrafficaccidentoccursonRoute7,4DTMSinstantlyreroutes30%ofprivatecarstoanundergroundexpresslanereservedforautonomousvehicles(AVs),whilesendinge-alertstopublicbusappstoadjustschedules.Thisreducespeak-hourdelaysby40%comparedtotraditionalsystems.Anotherbreakthroughisthe"SharedMobilityEcosystem"inAmsterdam.By2025,thecityaimstoreduceprivatecarownershipby35%throughpolicyincentives.Residentswhogiveupcarownershipreceivea€2,000annualsubsidyforusingsharedserviceslikeelectricscooters,bike-sharing,andon-demandminibuses.Datashowsthatsincethepolicywasimplementedin2023,thenumberofsharedmobilitytripshasincreasedby220%,withCO?emissionsfromurbantransportdroppingby18%.Criticsarguethatthesesolutionsmaywidenthe"mobilitygap"forlow-incomegroups.However,Songdoprovidesfree4DTMSaccesstopublictransportusers,andAmsterdam'ssubsidiesaremeans-tested,ensuringthat70%ofthebenefitsgotohouseholdsearningbelowthenationalmedianincome.Ascitiesevolve,thekeyliesinbalancingtechnologicalinnovationwithsocialequity.Passage2Theriseofautonomousvehicles(AVs)issettorevolutionizeurbantrafficplanning.A2024studybyMIT'sUrbanMobilityLabfoundthatif60%ofvehiclesinacityareAVs,trafficflowefficiencycouldincreaseby50%duetotheirabilitytocommunicatewitheachother("V2Vcommunication")andwithinfrastructure("V2Icommunication").Forexample,AVscanadjustspeedstoavoidstop-and-gotraffic,reducingenergyconsumptionby25%.Yet,challengesremain.First,AVsrequireahighlyreliable5Gnetworktoensurereal-timedatatransmission.Intests,a0.5-seconddelayinV2Vcommunicationledtoa15%increaseinnear-missesatintersections.Second,ethicaldilemmasarise:howshouldanAVprogramdecidebetweenprotectingitspassengersorpedestriansinanunavoidablecrash?AsurveybytheBrussels-basedEuropeanTransportEthicsInstituteshowedthat62%ofrespondentsopposed"algorithmicmoraldecisions,"preferringhumanoversight.Toaddressthese,Singaporehaslaunchedthe"AVCoordinationPlatform"(AVCP).Theplatform,managedbytheLandTransportAuthority,centralizesdatafromallAVs,trafficlights,andweathersensors.ItusesAItosetdynamicspeedlimits(e.g.,reducingto40km/hinheavyrain)andprioritizesAVroutesforemergencyvehicles.Additionally,SingaporemandatesthatallAVsmusthavea"humanoverride"button,allowingpassengerstotakecontrolincriticalsituations.ThishybridmodelhasreducedAV-relatedincidentsby85%inpilotzonessince2024.Expertspredictthatby2030,AVswillaccountfor30-40%ofurbanvehicles,buttheirfullintegrationdependsonsolvingtechnical,ethical,andregulatorypuzzles.Questions1-5(Passage1)1.WhatisthemainproblemmentionedinthefirstparagraphofPassage1?A.HighcostofpublictransportB.TrafficcongestionandrelatedpollutionC.LackofparkingspacesD.Inadequateroadinfrastructure2.AccordingtoSongdo's4DTMS,howdoesthesystemrespondtoatrafficaccident?A.Itshutsdowntheaccident-proneroadimmediatelyB.ItredirectsprivatecarstoanAV-onlyundergroundlaneC.ItincreasesthenumberofpublicbusesD.Itsendspolicetocleartheroadwithin10minutes3.WhatistheresultofAmsterdam'sSharedMobilityEcosystempolicy?A.PrivatecarownershiphasdoubledB.CO?emissionsfromtransporthaveincreasedby18%C.Sharedmobilitytripshaverisenby220%D.High-incomegroupsbenefitmostfromsubsidies4.Whydocriticsworryaboutthenewtrafficsolutions?A.TheymaycausemoretrafficaccidentsB.TheymightdeepeninequalityinmobilityaccessC.TheyaretooexpensiveforlocalgovernmentsD.Theyreducetheefficiencyofpublictransport5.WhatmeasureensuressocialequityinSongdoandAmsterdam?A.Freeaccesstosmartsystemsforlow-incomegroupsB.Highersubsidiesforhigh-incomecarownersC.BanningprivatecarsentirelyD.LimitingsharedmobilitytoyoungpeopleQuestions6-10(Passage2)6.WhatisthekeyadvantageofAVsinimprovingtrafficflow?A.TheycancarrymorepassengersthantraditionalcarsB.TheyuseV2VandV2IcommunicationtocoordinatemovementsC.TheyarecheapertoproducethanregularvehiclesD.Theyhavebetteraccelerationandbrakingsystems7.Whatproblemdoesa0.5-seconddelayinV2Vcommunicationcause?A.IncreasedenergyconsumptionB.Morenear-missesatintersectionsC.HighermaintenancecostsforAVsD.ReducedbatterylifeofelectricAVs8.WhatethicalconcernisraisedaboutAVs?A.TheirhighcostmakesthemunaffordableformostpeopleB.TheymaymakemoraldecisionsincrashscenariosC.TheyrequiretoomuchdatastorageD.Theyarevulnerabletocyberattacks9.WhatisuniqueaboutSingapore'sAVCP?A.ItallowspassengerstooverrideAVcontrolsinemergenciesB.ItonlyusesdatafromAVswithoutintegratinginfrastructureC.ItsetsfixedspeedlimitsregardlessofweatherconditionsD.Itprioritizesprivatecarsoveremergencyvehicles10.Whatistheexperts'predictionaboutAVsby2030?A.Theywillreplace100%oftraditionalvehiclesB.Theywillaccountfor30-40%ofurbanvehiclesC.TheywillcausemoretrafficjamsduetotechnicalissuesD.Theywilleliminatetheneedfortrafficlights第二部分圖表分析（共30分）以下是某城市2020年與2030年（預(yù)測）交通方式占比統(tǒng)計(jì)圖（單位：%）。請根據(jù)圖表信息，完成11-15題（11-13為選擇題，14-15為簡答題）。|交通方式|2020年|2030年（預(yù)測）|||--|-||私人燃油車|45|12||自動(dòng)駕駛共享車|0|28||公共交通（地鐵/公交）|25|35||電動(dòng)自行車/步行|20|20||傳統(tǒng)出租車|10|5|11.2030年占比增長最快的交通方式是？A.私人燃油車B.自動(dòng)駕駛共享車C.公共交通D.電動(dòng)自行車/步行12.2020年至2030年，哪種交通方式占比保持不變？A.私人燃油車B.傳統(tǒng)出租車C.公共交通D.電動(dòng)自行車/步行13.2030年，私人燃油車占比下降的主要原因可能不包括？A.政府限購政策B.自動(dòng)駕駛共享車的普及C.公共交通服務(wù)提升D.電動(dòng)自行車產(chǎn)量減少14.請描述2020-2030年交通方式變化的總體趨勢，并分析可能的驅(qū)動(dòng)因素（100詞左右）。15.假設(shè)你是該城市交通規(guī)劃師，針對2030年的交通結(jié)構(gòu)，你會(huì)重點(diǎn)優(yōu)化哪兩個(gè)方面？請說明理由（150詞左右）。第三部分寫作（共50分）隨著城市化進(jìn)程加快，未來城市交通規(guī)劃需兼顧效率、可持續(xù)性與公平性。請根據(jù)以下提示，寫一篇不少于300詞的英語議論文。提示：-效率：智能技術(shù)（如AI調(diào)度、車路協(xié)同）如何提升通行速度；-可持續(xù)性：新能源車輛、低碳出行方式（如自行車道網(wǎng)絡(luò)）的作用；-公平性：確保低收入群體、老年人等特殊群體的出行權(quán)益；-可結(jié)合具體案例（如哥本哈根的“自行車友好城市”計(jì)劃、深圳的電動(dòng)公交全覆蓋）。參考答案第一部分閱讀理解（20分）1-5:BBCBA6-10:BBBAB解析：1.第一段明確提到交通擁堵導(dǎo)致通勤時(shí)間浪費(fèi)和空氣污染（PM2.5），故選B。2.文中提到事故發(fā)生時(shí)，4DTMS將30%私家車重定向至“undergroundexpresslanereservedforAVs”，對應(yīng)B。3.阿姆斯特丹政策使共享出行次數(shù)增加220%，CO?排放下降18%，故選C。4.批評者擔(dān)憂“mobilitygap”（出行差距）擴(kuò)大，即社會(huì)不平等，選B。5.松島為公共交通用戶提供免費(fèi)系統(tǒng)訪問，阿姆斯特丹補(bǔ)貼針對低收入群體，選A。6.AV的核心優(yōu)勢是V2V和V2I通信協(xié)調(diào)，提升效率，選B。7.0.5秒延遲導(dǎo)致路口“near-misses”增加15%，選B。8.倫理問題涉及AV在事故中的“道德決策”，選B。9.新加坡AVCP要求“humanoverride”按鈕，選A。10.專家預(yù)測2030年AV占30-40%，選B。第二部分圖表分析（30分）11-13:BDD14.參考答案：總體趨勢：私人燃油車占比大幅下降（45%→12%），自動(dòng)駕駛共享車從0增至28%，公共交通小幅上升（25%→35%），傳統(tǒng)出租車減少（10%→5%），電動(dòng)自行車/步行保持20%。驅(qū)動(dòng)因素可能包括：政府限制燃油車政策、自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)成熟推動(dòng)共享出行、公共交通服務(wù)優(yōu)化（如更快的地鐵、更密集的公交路線）。15.參考答案：作為規(guī)劃師，重點(diǎn)優(yōu)化兩方面：（1）自動(dòng)駕駛共享車的管理：需建立數(shù)據(jù)安全機(jī)制（防止用戶信息泄露）和動(dòng)態(tài)定價(jià)系統(tǒng)（避免高峰時(shí)段費(fèi)用過高，保障低收入群體使用）；（2）公共交通與其他方式的銜接：例如在地鐵站口增設(shè)共享自行車停放點(diǎn)，在公交站設(shè)置自動(dòng)駕駛共享車候車站，減少“最后一公里”障礙，提升整體出行效率。第三部分寫作（50分）范文：Futureurbantrafficplanningmustbalanceefficiency,sustainability,andequitytocreateinclusiveandlivablecities.Efficiencyliesatthecoreofsolvingcongestion.SmarttechnologieslikeAI-basedtrafficschedulingandvehicle-to-infrastructure(V2I)communicationaregame-changers.Forexample,inHangzhou,China,anAIsystemanalyzesreal-timedatafrom8,000trafficlightsand120,000camerastoadjustsignaltimings.Thishasreducedpeak-hourdelaysby15%andincreasedroadcapacityby10%.Similarly,V2Iallowsautonomousbusestoreceivereal-timeupdatesonroadconditions,enablingthemtoavoidjamsandmaintainpunctuality.Sustainabilityisnon-negotiableamidclimatechange.Replacingfuel-poweredvehicleswithelectriconesandpromotinglow-carbonmodeslikecyclingarecritical.Copenhagen’s"BicycleSuperhighway"projectisamodel:75kmofdedicatedbikelaneswithheate