高一上學(xué)期建筑與英語(yǔ)試題一、閱讀理解Passage1:TheTempleofHeavenTheTempleofHeaven,amagnificentconstructionofancientChinesearchitecture,isrenownedworldwide.Itwasdesignedwithgreatprecisiontoserveasaplaceforemperorstoperformsacrificesandprayforgoodharvests.Theuniquecircularshapeandbluetilesontheroofsmakeitstandoutcomparedtoothertraditionalbuildings.ThebuildingtechniquesemployedintheTempleofHeavenwereextremelyadvancedforitstime.Craftsmenusedavarietyoftoolsandmaterials,someofwhichwererareandprecious.Themainhall,wherethemostimportantceremoniestookplace,isdecoratedwithbeautifulmuralspaintedbyskilledartists.AnothersignificantculturalheritageistheTerracottaArmy.Discoveredaccidentallybylocalfarmers,ithasamazedtheworld.Thethousandsoflife-sizedterracottasoldiersandhorseswereburiedforcenturies.Eachfigurehasitsownuniquefacialfeaturesandexpressions,asiftheywererealsoldiersguardingthetomboftheemperor.Inordertopromotetheprotectionoftheseculturalheritages,theChinesegovernmenthaslaunchedmanycampaigns.Touristsfromallovertheworldcometovisitthesesites,bringingbotheconomicbenefitsandculturalexchanges.However,wemustalsobeawareofthepotentialthreatssuchaspollutionandover-tourism.Onlybytakingpropermeasurescanweensurethelong-termsurvivalofthesepreciousculturalheritages.Questions:WhatwastheoriginalpurposeoftheTempleofHeaven?Whyaretheterracottasoldiersconsideredunique?Whatthreatsdoculturalheritagesfacetoday?Answers:Itwasaplaceforemperorstoperformsacrificesandprayforgoodharvests.Eachsoldierhasuniquefacialfeaturesandexpressions,resemblingrealsoldiers.Pollution,over-tourism,andlackofpreservationmeasures.Passage2:ModernArchitectureWondersSydneyOperaHouse,oneofthemostfamousmodernbuildings,isknownforitssail-likeroofstructure.DesignedbyDanisharchitectJ?rnUtzon,itcombinesfunctionaldesignwithartisticbeauty.Theconstructionusedadvancedengineeringtechniques,includingprecastconcretepanelsandsteelframes,toachieveitsiconicshape.AnotherexampleistheBurjKhalifainDubai,thetallestbuildingintheworld.ItsdesigndrawsinspirationfromIslamicarchitecture,withaspiralstructurethatreduceswindresistance.Thebuilding’shigh-performanceglassfacadereflectssunlight,minimizingenergyconsumption.Suchinnovationsdemonstratehowarchitecturecanblendculturalheritagewithsustainabletechnology.VocabularyinContext:Iconic(adj.):widelyrecognizedandadmiredasasymbolofsomething.Facade(n.):thefrontexteriorofabuilding.Sustainable(adj.):designedtoavoiddepletionofnaturalresources.二、語(yǔ)法填空Directions:Fillintheblankswithappropriatewordsorthecorrectformofthegivenwords.TheBritishMuseumopenedaSilkRoadexhibitiononTuesday,featuringover300objectsfrom29nationalandinternationalinstitutions.1._______(cover)theperiodfromaround500to1000A.D.,theexhibitionexploreshowthejourneysofpeople,objectsandideasalongtheSilkRoad2._______(gradual)shapedculturesandhistoriesacrosscontinents.NicholasCullinan,directoroftheBritishMuseum,toldXinhuathattheexhibition,throughpartnershipswith3._______(organize)worldwide,showstheconnectionbetweendifferentcultures.“Eventhoughwehavedifferentculturesandviewpoints,therearedeeplinks4._______canbringthemtogether,”hesaid.LukYu-ping,co-organizeroftheexhibition,stressedthelinkbetweenpastandpresent,describingit5._______networksconnectingAsia,Africa,andEurope.Inthepast,Chinawascentraltothesenetworks,influencing6._______(economy)developmentandculturalexchange.“This7._______(mirror)todayininternationalcollaborations,”headded.AnswersandExplanations:Covering(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系)gradually(副詞修飾動(dòng)詞“shaped”)organizations(名詞形式，與“partnerships”并列)that/which(定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞，指代“l(fā)inks”)as(固定搭配“describe...as...”)economic(形容詞修飾名詞“development”)ismirrored(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示“被反映”)三、建筑術(shù)語(yǔ)詞匯填空Directions:Completethesentenceswiththecorrectarchitecturaltermsfromthebox.beam,concrete,facade,greenarchitecture,load-bearingwall,skyscraper,sustainability,trussA_______isatallbuildingwithmanyfloors,oftenfoundincitycenters._______referstoenvironmentallyfriendlybuildingpracticesthatreduceenergyuse.The_______ofthehousewasdecoratedwithlargeglasswindowstomaximizesunlight.IntraditionalChinesearchitecture,a_______isahorizontalstructuralelementthatsupportstheroof.Engineersused_______tostrengthenthefoundationofthemuseum,ensuringitcouldwithstandearthquakes.Answers:skyscraperGreenarchitecturefacadebeamconcrete四、書面表達(dá)Topic:Writeanessayof150-200wordsaboutyourfavoritebuilding,usingatleast10architecturalterms.SampleEssay:MyfavoritebuildingistheForbiddenCityinBeijing.AsamasterpieceofancientChinesearchitecture,itshowcasesperfectsymmetryandgrandeur.Themainhall,theHallofSupremeHarmony,featuresawoodenstructuresupportedbymassivebeamsandcolumns,demonstratingadvancedengineeringskillsoftheMingDynasty.Itsgoldenrooftilesandredload-bearingwallssymbolizeimperialpower.Surroundedbyamoatandhighwalls,thecomplexservedastheimperialpalaceforover500years.Whatimpressesmemostisitssustainability:theuseofnaturalventilationandwoodenjointswithoutnailsreflectsthewisdomoftraditionalgreenarchitecture.Today,itstandsasamuseum,allowingvisitorstoappreciatebothitshistoricalsignificanceandarchitecturalbeauty.KeyTermsUsed:symmetry,grandeur,woodenstructure,beams,columns,load-bearingwalls,moat,sustainability,naturalventilation,greenarchitecture五、建筑與英語(yǔ)綜合填空Passage:Modernarchitectureemphasizesbothformandfunction.A_______(1)(architect/architecture)mustconsidernotonlythebuilding’sappearancebutalsoitspracticaluse.Forexample,ahospital’sdesignprioritizespatientcomfortandefficientmovement,whilea_______(2)(residential/commercial)buildingfocusesonmaximizingspaceforofficesorshops.Materialsplayacrucialroletoo._______(3)(Steel/Stone)iscommonlyusedinhigh-riseconstructionforitsstrength,while_______(4)(glass/wood)isfavoredforitstransparencyandaestheticappeal.Inrecentyears,_______(5)(sustainable/sustainability)hasbecomeakeyconcern,leadingtoinnovationslikesolarpanelsandrainwaterharvestingsystems.Answers:architect(名詞，指“建筑師”)commercial(形容詞修飾“building”)Steel(金屬材料，符合“high-riseconstruction”)glass(對(duì)應(yīng)“transparency”)sustainability(名詞作主語(yǔ))六、閱讀理解與翻譯Passage:TheSydneyOperaHouse,completedin1973,isaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Itsuniqueshell-likeroof,madeofprecastconcretepanels,requiredadvancedengineeringsolutions.ThedesignwasinspiredbythesailsofshipsinSydneyHarbour,blendingartwithfunctionality.Today,ithostsover1,500performancesannually,attractingmillionsofvisitors.TranslationTask:TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.Answer:其獨(dú)特的貝殼狀屋頂由預(yù)制混凝土板制成，需要先進(jìn)的工程解決方案。七、建筑英語(yǔ)寫作技巧UseSpecificTerms:Replacegeneralwordswithpreciseterms(e.g.,“tallbuilding”→“skyscraper”).CompareandContrast:Discussdifferencesbetweenarchitecturalstyles(e.g.,“Gothiccathedralshavepointedarches,whileRomanesquebuildingsfeatureroundedones”).HistoricalContext:Connectbuildingstotheirculturalbackgrounds(e.g.,“TheTerracottaArmyreflectsQinDynasty’smilitarypower”).ExampleSentences:TheEiffelTower,anironlatticestructure,wasinitiallycriticizedbutlaterbecameasymbolofParis.TraditionalChinesegardensuse“borrowedscenery”tointegratenaturallandscapesintothedesign.八、完形填空Passage:AncientRomanarchitectureisfamousforitsuseof_______(1)(arches/domes)andconcrete.ThePantheon,builtin126AD,hasamassivedomewithanoculus,acircularopeningatthetop.Thisdesignallowslighttoenterwhilemaintainingstructural_______(2)(stability/strength).TheRomansalsodeveloped_______(3)(aqueducts/bridges)totransportwater,showcasingtheirengi