高一上學(xué)期海洋革命與英語再思考試題第一部分聽力理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話僅讀一遍。Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.AnewmarinebiologytextbookB.ThehistoryofoceanexplorationC.EnglishvocabularyrelatedtoshipsWhydoesthewomanmentionMagellan’svoyage?A.ToexplaintheoriginofglobaltradeB.ToillustrateearlynavigationtechniquesC.TocomparemodernandancientshipsHowdoesthemandescribetheimpactoftheAgeofDiscovery?A.ItledtothespreadofnewlanguagesB.ItcausedenvironmentaldamagetooceansC.ItpromotedculturalexchangebetweencontinentsWhatwillthespeakersdonext?A.WatchadocumentaryaboutseaexplorersB.PracticeEnglishdialoguesaboutmarinelifeC.VisitamaritimemuseuminthecityWhatcanweinferaboutthewoman’sEnglishstudy?A.ShefindsnauticaltermsdifficulttomemorizeB.ShepreferslearningthroughhistoricalstoriesC.ShehasreadDarwin’sOntheOriginofSpecies第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardancientsailors?A.CriticalB.AdmiringC.Indifferent7.Whichskillwasmostimportantforsailorsinthe15thcentury?A.UsingastrolabestomeasurelatitudeB.UnderstandingoceancurrentsC.Communicatingwithforeigntraders聽第7段材料，回答第8-10題。8.Whatdoestheterm“blueeconomy”referto?A.TheglobalfishingindustryB.SustainableuseofoceanresourcesC.Internationaltraderoutesacrossseas9.WhydoestheprofessormentionthePanamaCanal?A.ToexplainhowcanalschangedmaritimetradeB.TocompareitsconstructiontotheSuezCanalC.TodiscussitsimpactonEnglishvocabulary10.Whatexampledoesthespeakergiveofculturalexchangeviaoceans?A.ThespreadofspicesfromAsiatoEuropeB.TheintroductionofEnglishtocoastalAfricanregionsC.Theadoptionofshipbuildingtechniquesbydifferentcultures聽第8段材料，回答第11-13題。11.WhatproblemdostudentsfacewhenlearningnauticalEnglish?A.Lackofreal-worldcontextB.ComplexgrammaticalstructuresC.Limitedvocabularyresources12.Howdoestheteachersuggestimprovingmaritimevocabulary?A.ByreadingoldshiplogsB.BywatchingoceanographicfilmsC.Byrole-playingassailorsindialogues13.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheEnglishcoursementioned?A.TopreparestudentsformarinesciencecareersB.ToanalyzethelanguageofseaexplorationtextsC.TocompareEnglishandSpanishnauticalterms聽第9段材料，回答第14-16題。14.WhatdidtheDutchEastIndiaCompanycontributetoglobaltrade?A.ThefirstuseofEnglishasatradelanguageB.ThedevelopmentofmodernshippinginsuranceC.Theinventionofsteam-poweredships15.Whydoesthespeakermention“tradewinds”?A.ToexplaintheirroleinearlynavigationB.TocontrastthemwithoceancurrentsC.Tointroduceaunitonclimateandoceans16.WhatcanwelearnabouttheAgeofSail?A.ItendedwiththeinventionofthetelegraphB.ItreliedheavilyonseasonalwindpatternsC.Itledtothedeclineofcoastalcities聽第10段材料，回答第17-20題。17.HowmanynewwordsrelatedtooceansenteredEnglishduringthe16thcentury?A.Over500B.About300C.Lessthan20018.Whatdoestheterm“starboard”originallymean?A.TherightsideofashipB.AtoolformeasuringdepthC.Atypeofsailusedinstrongwinds19.WhydidsailorsintheAgeofDiscoverycreatenewEnglishphrases?A.TocommunicatewithforeigncrewmembersB.TodescribeunfamiliarmarinephenomenaC.Tosimplifycomplexnavigationinstructions20.Whatwillthenextlecturefocuson?A.TheinfluenceofoceanexplorationonEnglishliteratureB.ModerntechnologicaltermsinmaritimeEnglishC.Theroleofwomeninearlyseavoyages第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATheLanguageoftheSea:HowMaritimeExplorationShapedModernEnglishWhenChristopherColumbussetsailin1492,heunknowinglylaunchedalinguisticrevolution.AsEuropeanshipscrisscrossedtheglobe,sailors,traders,andexplorersencounterednewcultures,ecosystems,andtechnologies—eachrequiringnewwordstodescribethem.TheEnglishlanguage,inparticular,absorbedhundredsoftermsfrommaritimelife,manyofwhichremaininusetoday.Considertheword“sloop,”atypeofsmallsailingvessel.DerivedfromtheDutchsloep,itenteredEnglishinthe17thcenturyasDutchtradersdominatedAtlanticroutes.Similarly,“cargo”comesfromtheSpanishcarga,reflectingSpain’sroleintransportinggoodsfromtheAmericas.Eveneverydayphraseslike“allhandsondeck”originatedinshipcrews’callsfor全員協(xié)作,while“l(fā)oosecannon”referredtothedangerofunsec固定火炮onstorm-tossedships—nowusedmetaphoricallytodescribeunpredictablepeople.Maritimeexplorationalsoinfluencedgrammar.Thephrase“byandlarge,”meaning“ingeneral,”derivesfromsailingterminology:“by”referredtosailingintothewind,and“l(fā)arge”meantsailingwiththewind.Combined,theydescribedaship’sabilitytohandlevariousconditions,evolvingintoauniversalexpressionofflexibility.BTheEnvironmentalLegacyoftheAgeofDiscoveryWhiletheAgeofDiscovery(15th–17thcenturies)expandedglobalknowledge,italsoinitiatedunprecedentedecologicalchanges.Europeanshipscarriednotonlygoodsbutalsoinvasivespecies,diseases,andagriculturalcropsacrossoceans,alteringmarineandterrestrialecosystemsforever.TheintroductionofEuropeanlivestocktotheAmericas,forexample,ledtoovergrazingincoastalregions,whileratsstowedawayonshipsdevastatedislandbirdpopulations.Conversely,cropslikepotatoesandcornfromtheAmericastransformedEuropeandiets,boostingpopulationgrowth.Theseexchanges,knownastheColumbianExchange,highlighttheinterconnectednessofoceanexplorationandenvironmentalimpact—athemecentraltomodernmarinebiology.Today,scientistsuseEnglishasthelinguafrancaofenvironmentalresearch,collaboratingtoaddressissueslikeplasticpollutionandcoralreefdecline.Termssuchas“biodiversity,”“sustainability,”and“carbonfootprint”nowdominateinternationaldiscourse,muchlike“tradewind”and“astrolabe”definedearliereras.CMagellan’sVoyage:ACaseStudyinCross-CulturalCommunicationFerdinandMagellan’s1519–1522circumnavigationoftheglobewasnotonlyafeatofnavigationbutalsoatestoflinguisticandculturaldiplomacy.Hiscrew,composedofSpaniards,Portuguese,Italians,andevenenslavedMalays,reliedonamixofgestures,brokenlanguages,andsharednauticaltermstosurvive.WhenMagellan’sshipsreachedthePhilippines,heencounteredthenativeCebuanopeople.ThoughhespokenoCebuano,heusedMalay—atradinglanguagespreadbyearlierArabandChinesesailors—tonegotiate.Thisincidentunderscoreshowoceanshavelongservedashighwaysforlanguageexchange,withmaritimetradecreating“pidgin”languagesthatblendedvocabularyfrommultiplecultures.ModernEnglish,too,hasbecomeagloballinguafranca,muchlikeMalayinthepre-colonialseas.Itsdominanceinscience,technology,andcommercereflectsthelegacyofBritishandAmericannavalpower,echoinghowSpanishandPortugueseoncedominatedmaritimecommunication.DShipLogsasHistoricalandLinguisticDocumentsShiplogs—dailyrecordsofvoyages—offeruniqueinsightsintobothoceanexplorationandlanguageevolution.TakethelogoftheMayflower(1620),whichdescribesthePilgrims’journeytoAmerica.Phraseslike“fairwindsandfollowingseas”(favorableweather)and“l(fā)eewardside”(thesideshelteredfromwind)revealthepracticalconcernsofsailors,whileentriesabout“indiancorn”and“new-foundland”showtheprocessofnamingunfamiliar事物.Inthe19thcentury,CharlesDarwin’sBeagle日志combinedscientificobservationswithvividdescriptionsofmarinelife.Hisuseoftermslike“coralreef,”“plankton,”and“tidalcurrent”helpedstandardizescientificvocabularyinEnglish,influencinggenerationsofbiologists.Today,digitalarchivesofshiplogsallowlinguiststotrackhowEnglishhasadaptedtodescribetheworld’soceansovercenturies.第二部分閱讀理解（第二節(jié)）第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Theoceanhasalwaysbeenasourceofinspirationforartists,writers,andthinkers.FromHomer’sOdysseytoMelville’sMoby-Dick,maritimethemeshaveshapedliteratureinEnglish,whilesailors’songsandshantiesreflecttherhythmsoflifeatsea.36._______Theseworksnotonlyentertainbutalsopreservehistoricalknowledge,suchasthehardshipsofwhalinginthe19thcenturyortheexcitementof18th-centurynavalbattles._______Forexample,thepoetSamuelTaylorColeridge’s“TheRimeoftheAncientMariner”usesmaritimeimagerytoexploreguiltandredemption,withlineslike“Water,water,everywhere,Noranydroptodrink”becomingiconic.Similarly,modernwriterslikeRachelCarson,inTheSeaAroundUs,blendscientificaccuracywithlyricalprosetoconveytheocean’sbeautyandfragility._______Englishteachersoftenusesea-themedtextstoteachliterarydevices:metaphor(e.g.,“theseaasavastlibrary”),symbolism(e.g.,ashiprepresentinghumanity’sjourney),andforeshadowing(e.g.,stormcloudssignalingdanger).Theseworksalsoencouragestudentstoconnectlanguagetoreal-worldcontexts,suchasanalyzinghowMoby-Dickcritiques19th-centurycapitalismthroughits描寫ofwhalingships._______InJapan,thehaikumasterMatsuoBashōwroteof“theoldpond/afrogleapsin/splash,”reflectingareverencefornaturesimilartoWesternseapoetry.Meanwhile,CaribbeanwriterslikeDerekWalcottuseoceanimagerytoexplorecolonialismandidentity,blendingEnglishwithlocaldialectstocreateuniqueliteraryvoices._______Aswefacemodernchallengeslikeclimatechangeandoceanacidification,thesetextsremindusthattheseahasalwaysbeenamirrorforhumanambition,curiosity,andvulnerability—makingthemessentialtoolsforbothlanguagelearningandglobalcitizenship.第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。In1492,ChristopherColumbussetsailfromSpainwiththreeships:theNi?a,thePinta,andtheSantaMaria.HisgoalwastofindawestwardroutetoAsia,butinstead,hestumbledupontheAmericas.Thisaccidentaldiscovery41._______thecourseofworldhistoryandtransformedtheEnglishlanguageforever.Columbus’slogs,writteninSpanish,werelatertranslatedintoEnglish,introducingtermslike“canoe”(fromtheArawakkenu)and“hurricane”(fromtheTainohuracán).Thesewords42._______howIndigenouslanguagesshapedEuropeanvocabularies,evenascolonizersimposedtheirowntongue.Bythe17thcentury,Englishshipsdominatedglobaltrade,carryinggoodsliketeafromChina,spicesfromIndia,andsugarfromtheCaribbean.Sailorsreturnedwithstoriesofexotic43._______andnewterms:“bamboo”fromMalay,“shampoo”fromHindi,and“typhoon”fromCantonese.Eachwordwasalinguisticsouvenirofcross-cultural44._______.Maritimelifealsocreateduniquesocialstructures.Shipcrews,composedofmenfromdiversebackgrounds,developedastricthierarchy:captain,firstmate,bosun,anddeckhands.Thissystemgaverisetophraseslike“captainoftheship”(leader)and“allhandsondeck”(everyone’shelpisneeded).Eventoday,theseexpressions45._______inbusinessandpolitics,atestamenttothesea’sinfluenceonorganizationallanguage.The19th-centuryIndustrialRevolutionfurtherlinkedoceanstolanguage.Steamshipsreplacedsailingvessels,introducingtermslike“engineroom,”“paddlewheel,”and“turbine.”Meanwhile,theSuezCanal(1869)andPanamaCanal(1914)shortenedmaritimeroutes,makingwordslike“canal,”“l(fā)ock,”and“navigation”partofeverydayEnglish.Today,asweexplorethedepthsoftheoceanwithsubmarinesandremotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs),newtermsemerge:“bioluminescence,”“hydrothermalvent,”and“deep-seatrench.”Thesewordsreflecthumanity’songoing46._______withthesea—anditsroleasasourceofendlessdiscovery.第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theoceancoversover70%ofEarth’ssurface,yet47._______(little)than5%ofithasbeenexplored.This“finalfrontier”haslongfascinatedscientists,explorers,andwriters,manyof48._______haveusedEnglishtodocumenttheirdiscoveries.Oneofthemostfamousoceanographers,JacquesCousteau,helpedpopularizemarinesciencethroughhisbooksandfilms.InTheSilentWorld(1953),hedescribedthebeautyofcoralreefsandtheimportanceof49._______(protect)marinelife.Hisworkinspiredgenerationsofscientists,whonowuseEnglish50._______(collaborate)onglobalprojectsliketheOceanCensus,whichaimstocatalogallmarinespeciesby2030.Nauticaltermscontinuetoevolvewithtechnology.Forexample,“sonar,”shortfor“soundnavigationandranging,”wasinventedduringWorldWarIItodetectsubmarines.Today,it51._______(use)tomaptheoceanfloor.Similarly,“satellitetagging”allowsresearcherstotrackseaturtlesandwhalesacrossthousandsofmiles,providingdataonmigrationpatternsandclimatechangeimpacts.Englishalsoservesasabridgebetweenmaritimecultures.IntheMaldives,fishermenuseamixofDhivehiandEnglishtermstocommunicatewithinternationalresearchersstudyingcoralbleaching.InIceland,whalingcommunitiesdiscusssustainabilityinEnglish