海員英語(yǔ)機(jī)工專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯及考試題在全球化的航運(yùn)業(yè)中，英語(yǔ)作為通用語(yǔ)言，其重要性不言而喻，尤其對(duì)于身處船舶機(jī)械心臟地帶的機(jī)工而言。流暢的專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)不僅是日常工作溝通的基石，更是保障船舶安全、高效運(yùn)營(yíng)的關(guān)鍵。本文旨在梳理機(jī)工日常工作中高頻使用的專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯，并輔以模擬試題，助力各位同仁夯實(shí)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)，提升專(zhuān)業(yè)素養(yǎng)。一、核心專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯1.主機(jī)與輔機(jī)(MainEngine&AuxiliaryMachinery)*MainEngine(M/E):主機(jī)-Theheartoftheship'spropulsionsystem.*AuxiliaryEngine(A/E):輔機(jī)，通常指發(fā)電機(jī)原動(dòng)機(jī)-Provideselectricalpowerforthevessel.*Piston:活塞-Movesupanddownwithinthecylindertotransmitpower.*Crankshaft:曲軸-Convertsthereciprocatingmotionofthepistonintorotarymotion.*ConnectingRod:連桿-Connectsthepistontothecrankshaft.*FuelInjectionSystem:燃油噴射系統(tǒng)-Deliversfuelintothecylinderathighpressure.*Turbocharger:渦輪增壓器-Increasesairintaketoimproveengineefficiency.*ExhaustValve:排氣閥-Allowsburnedgasestoexitthecylinder.*LubricatingOil(L.O.):滑油-Reducesfrictionbetweenmovingparts.2.船舶系統(tǒng)(ShipSystems)*FuelOilSystem:燃油系統(tǒng)-Stores,purifies,andsuppliesfueltoengines.*CoolingWaterSystem:冷卻水系統(tǒng)-Removesexcessheatfromtheengine.*FreshWaterCoolingSystem:淡水冷卻系統(tǒng)*SeaWaterCoolingSystem:海水冷卻系統(tǒng)*BilgeSystem:艙底水系統(tǒng)-Removeswaterfrombilges.*BallastSystem:壓載水系統(tǒng)-Adjustsship'strimandstabilitybytakinginordischargingseawater.*Pump:泵-Transfersfluids(oil,water,fuel).*CentrifugalPump:離心泵*ReciprocatingPump:往復(fù)泵*Filter:過(guò)濾器-Removesimpuritiesfromfluids.*Separator:分油機(jī)-Separateswaterandimpuritiesfromoil.*Valve:閥-Controlstheflowoffluids.*GateValve:閘閥*ButterflyValve:蝶閥*CheckValve:止回閥3.甲板機(jī)械與設(shè)備(DeckMachinery&Equipment)*AnchorWindlass:錨機(jī)-Raisesandlowerstheanchor.*MooringWinch:系泊絞車(chē)-Handlesmooringlines.*Crane:克令吊-Usedforcargohandlingandgenerallifting.*LifeboatEngine:救生艇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)-Propelsthelifeboat.*SteeringGear:舵機(jī)-Controlstheship'srudder.4.工具與操作(Tools&Operations)*Wrench:扳手*Screwdriver:螺絲刀*Hammer:錘子*Gauge:儀表-Measurespressure,temperature,level,etc.*PressureGauge:壓力表*TemperatureGauge:溫度表*LevelGauge:液位計(jì)*Inspect:檢查-Toexaminesomethingcarefully.*Clean:清潔-Toremovedirtorimpurities.*Lubricate:潤(rùn)滑-Toapplylubricatingoil.*Tighten:緊固-Tomakesomethingtight.*Loosen:松開(kāi)-Tomakesomethinglesstight.*Start:啟動(dòng)*Stop:停止*Adjust:調(diào)整*Overhaul:大修-Tothoroughlyexamineandrepair.*Malfunction:故障-Afailuretofunctionproperly.*Leak:泄漏-Anunintendedescapeoffluid.*Noise:噪音-Unusualsoundindicatingpotentialproblems.*Vibration:振動(dòng)-Rapidback-and-forthmovement,oftenasignoftrouble.*IMO:InternationalMaritimeOrganization-國(guó)際海事組織*SOLAS:InternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea-國(guó)際海上人命安全公約*MARPOL:InternationalConventionforthePreventionofPollutionfromShips-國(guó)際防止船舶造成污染公約*PPE:PersonalProtectiveEquipment-個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備*ENG:Engine-發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)*GEN:Generator-發(fā)電機(jī)*FO:FuelOil-燃油*LO:LubricatingOil-滑油*FW:FreshWater-淡水*SW:SeaWater-海水*PSV:PressureSafetyValve-壓力安全閥*CCTV:Closed-CircuitTelevision-閉路電視二、模擬考試題(SampleTestQuestions)PartA:MultipleChoice(選擇填空)1.The______convertsthereciprocatingmotionofthepistonintorotarymotion.A.turbochargerB.crankshaftC.fuelinjectorD.exhaustvalve2.Beforestartingthemainengine,youmustcheckthe______level.A.lubricatingoilB.paintC.anchorchainD.lifeboat3.Ifyoufindafuelleak,youshouldimmediately______.A.ignoreitB.reportittotheengineerC.increaseenginespeedD.paintoverit4.The______isusedtoseparatewaterandimpuritiesfromfueloil.A.filterB.pumpC.separatorD.valve5."Overhaul"meansto______.A.startquicklyB.stopsuddenlyC.repairthoroughlyD.cleanslightlyPartB:FillintheBlanks(填空)Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatewordfromthebox.(從方框中選擇合適的詞填空)*(check,clean,start,stop,tighten,leak,noise,temperature)*6.Always______thepressuregaugebeforeoperatingtheequipment.7.Ifthereisanunusual______fromthepump,shutitdownandinvestigate.8.Theengineeraskedmeto______theloosenutonthepipeflange.9.High______inthecoolingsystemcancauseenginedamage.10.Asmalloil______wasfoundunderthegenerator.PartC:ShortAnswer(簡(jiǎn)答)AnswerthefollowingquestionsbrieflyinEnglish.(用簡(jiǎn)短的英語(yǔ)回答下列問(wèn)題)11.Whatisthefunctionofaturbocharger?12.Nametwotypesofvalvesyoumightfindintheengineroom.13.Whatdoes"PPE"standfor,andwhyisitimportant?14.Ifthemainenginesuddenlystops,whatisoneimmediateactionyoushouldtake?15.Howwouldyouchecktheleveloflubricatingoilinanengine?PartD:情景問(wèn)答(SituationalDialogue)ReadthesituationandrespondappropriatelyinEnglish.(閱讀情景并進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z(yǔ)回應(yīng))Yourresponse:"________________________________________________"17.Situation:Duringyourrounds,younoticethatthebilgepumpisnotpumpingoutwatereffectively.YoureportthistotheChiefEngineer.Yourreport:"ChiefEngineer,____________________________________"---參考答案(AnswerKey)PartA:MultipleChoice1.B2.A3.B4.C5.CPartB:FillintheBlanks6.check7.noise8.tighten9.temperature10.leakPartC:ShortAnswer(參考答案，合理即可)11.Thefunctionofaturbochargeristoincreaseairintake(totheengine)andimproveengineefficiency/power.12.(Anytwo,e.g.)Gatevalve,butterflyvalve,checkvalve,safetyvalve,globevalve.13.PPEstandsforPersonalProtectiveEquipment.Itisimportanttoprotectworkersfrominjury(e.g.,head,eyes,hands,feet).14.(Anyreasonableaction,e.g.)Trytorestartit/Informtheofficeronwatch/Checkforobviouscauses