2025年英語專業(yè)四級考試閱讀理解長難句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：強(qiáng)化長難句解析能力考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分Readthefollowingsentencescarefullyandanswerthequestionsthatfolloweachsentence.1.Therapidadvancementsinartificialintelligence,whichhavebeendrivenbyincreasedcomputationalpowerandvastdatasets,arefundamentallyreshapingindustriesandraisingprofoundethicalquestionsaboutthefutureofworkandprivacy.a)Whatistheprimaryfocusofthesentence?b)Identifythemainclauseandonesubordinateclauseinthesentence.c)Howdothephrases"whichhavebeendrivenby..."and"aboutthefutureof..."functionwithinthesentence?2.Havingmeticulouslyanalyzedthesamplescollectedfromtheremotearchaeologicalsite,theteamconcludedthatthediscoveredpottery,despiteitsweatheredcondition,offeredcrucialinsightsintothedietaryhabitsandtradenetworksoftheancientcivilizationthatoncethrivedinthatregion.a)Whatisthemainactionperformedbythesubjectinthesentence?b)Explainthefunctionoftheparticipialphrase"Havingmeticulouslyanalyzed...".c)Identifythenounphrasethatservesasthedirectobjectoftheverb"concluded".3.Ifgloballeadersfailtoimplementeffectivepoliciestocurbcarbonemissionsandtransitiontowardsrenewableenergysources,theconsequencesfortheplanet'sclimatesystem,potentiallyleadingtoirreversibledamageandcatastrophicweatherevents,couldbefarmoreseverethanmanycurrentlyanticipate.a)Whatconditionispresentedinthesentence,andwhatpotentialoutcomeisassociatedwiththatcondition?b)Recognizethesubordinateclausethatelaboratesonthepotentialconsequences.c)Howdoesthephrase"potentiallyleadingto..."modifythenounphrase"theconsequences"?4.Theintricatenetworkofinternationaltradeagreements,coupledwiththeincreasinginterconnectednessoffinancialmarkets,notonlyfacilitateseconomicgrowthandspecializationbutalsocreatescomplexdependenciesthatcanamplifysystemicriskswhenonesectorfacesdisruption.a)Whatarethetwomaineffectsmentionedinthesentence?b)Identifythecoordinatingconjunctionandtheverbitconnectstwoclausesof.c)Howdoesthephrase"thatcanamplifysystemicrisks..."functioninthesentence?5.Despitetheoverwhelmingevidencesuggestingthebenefitsofearlyinterventionprogramsforat-riskchildren,significantfundingshortagesandlogisticalchallengeshaveconsistentlyhinderedtheirwidespreadimplementationacrossmanydevelopingregions.a)Whatisthemaincontrastpresentedinthesentence?b)Identifythenounphraseactingasthesubjectoftheverb"haveconsistentlyhindered".c)Explaintheroleoftheadverbialphrase"Despitetheoverwhelmingevidencesuggesting..."inthesentence.第二部分Thefollowingpassageisfollowedbyquestionsbasedonit.Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Thephenomenonofurbanheatislands(UHIs)hasbecomeincreasinglyprominentinmetropolitanareasworldwide,significantlyimpactingthedailylivesandhealthofresidents.UHIsrefertourbanregionsthatexperiencehighertemperaturescomparedtotheirsurroundingruralornaturallandscapes.Thistemperaturedisparityisprimarilyattributedtotheuniquethermalpropertiesofurbansurfacesandtheconcentrationofheat-generatinghumanactivities.Dark,impervioussurfaceslikeasphaltroadsandconcretebuildingsabsorbandretainsubstantialamountsofsolarradiationduringtheday,releasingitslowlyatnight,whichwarmsthesurroundingair.Additionally,thereleaseofwasteheatfromvehicles,industrialprocesses,heatingandcoolingsystems,andenergyconsumptionwithinbuildingscontributessignificantlytotheelevatedtemperatures.TheconsequencesofUHIsaremultifaceted;theycanleadtoincreasedenergydemandforcooling,exacerbaterespiratoryproblemsandheatstrokerisksamongvulnerablepopulations,andnegativelyaffectairandwaterquality.EffortstomitigateUHIeffectsareunderway,focusingonincreasingurbangreenspacesthroughparksandgreenroofs,utilizingreflectiveroofingmaterials,promotingenergy-efficientbuildingdesigns,andenhancingurbanplanningtocreatemoresustainableandclimate-resilientcities.6.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethetwomainfactorscontributingtotheformationofurbanheatislands?7.Explaintheroleofthephrase"referto..."inthefirstparagraph.8.Howdothesurfacesdescribedby"dark,impervioussurfaceslikeasphaltroadsandconcretebuildings"contributetotheUHIphenomenon?9.Thepassagementions"wasteheatfromvehicles,industrialprocesses,heatingandcoolingsystems,andenergyconsumptionwithinbuildings".Whatgrammaticalstructureisusedheretolisttheseitems?10.Whatarethethreespecificmitigationstrategiesmentionedinthepassagetoaddresstheurbanheatislandeffect?第三部分Analyzethefollowingsentencesintermsoftheirgrammaticalstructureandlogicalrelationships.11.Notonlydidtheexperiencedjournalistaccuratelypredicttheoutcomeoftheelectionbasedonherextensiveresearch,butshealsoprovidedinsightfulanalysisthathelpedthepublicunderstandthecomplexpoliticaldynamicsatplay.a)Identifythesubject,verb,andobject(ifany)inthemainclause.b)Identifythesubject,verb,andobject(ifany)inthesubordinateclause.c)Whatcoordinatingconjunctionconnectsthetwoclauses,andwhatlogicalrelationshipdoesitestablish?12.Havingreviewednumerousscientificstudiesonclimatechange,theexpertpanelconcludedthattheevidencestronglyindicatedahumaninfluenceonglobalwarming,althoughfurtherresearchisstillnecessarytofullyunderstandtheprecisemechanismsinvolved.a)Recognizethegrammaticalstructureoftheintroductoryphrase.b)Identifythemainclausesubjectandverb.c)Whatsubordinatingconjunctionintroducesthesubordinateclause,andwhatlogicalrelationshipdoesitshow?13.Thediscoveryofthisancientmanuscript,whichcontainsdetailedastronomicalcalculationsthatpredateknownhistoricalrecords,posessignificantchallengestoourcurrentunderstandingofthecivilization'stechnologicalcapabilities.a)Identifythenounphrasethatisthesubjectofthemainverb"poses".b)Howdoesthephrase"whichcontainsdetailedastronomicalcalculations..."functionwithinthesentence?c)Whattypeofsubordinateclauseis"thatpredateknownhistoricalrecords"?14.Whilesomeeconomistsarguethatinflationarypressureswillinevitablyriseduetosupplychaindisruptions,otherscontendthatcentralbankpoliciescouldeffectivelymitigatetheseeffectsifimplementedpromptly.a)Whatlogicalrelationshipisestablishedbythesubordinatingconjunctionusedinthesentence?b)Identifythetwodistinctviewpointspresented.c)Inthesecondpartofthesentence("otherscontendthat..."),whatverbconnectsthesubject"others"totheclausedescribingtheirargument?第四部分Readthesentencesbelow,payingcloseattentiontotheuseofvocabularyincontext.Choosetheoption(A,B,C,orD)thatbestexplainsthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrasebasedonthesentenceitappearsin.15.Thenovel'sintricateplot,repletewithtwistsandturns,keptthereadersguessinguntiltheveryend.A)EmptyorlackingB)AbundantorfullofC)ConfusingorcomplicatedD)Slowortardy16.Despitehisinitialreluctance,theyoungentrepreneureventuallyembracedthechallengeoflaunchinghisownstartup.A)EagernessorwillingnessB)HesitationorunwillingnessC)ConfidenceorassuranceD)Enthusiasmorexcitement17.Thearchaeologists'findingsshedlightonlong-standingmysteriessurroundingthedeclineoftheancientcivilization.A)EmphasizeorhighlightB)CausetodoubtorquestionC)ProvideinformationorclarificationaboutD)Diminishorreduce18.Herperformanceinthefinalexamwaslaudable,consideringthedifficultcircumstancesshehadtostudyunder.A)WorthyofcriticismB)RegrettableorunfortunateC)CommendableorpraiseworthyD)Surprisingorunexpected19.Thegovernmentimplementedstringentregulationstocurbthespreadoftheinfectiousdiseaseandprotectpublichealth.A)RecommendationsorsuggestionsB)FlexibilityorleniencyC)LawsorrulesdesignedtocontrolD)Encouragementorsupport20.Thecompany'smarketpositionhasweakenedconsiderablyduetoincreasedcompetitionandchangingconsumerpreferences.A)AdvantageorstrengthB)DisadvantageorweaknessC)LocationorspotD)Responsibilityorduty試卷答案第一部分1.a)TheprimaryfocusistheimpactofAIadvancementsonindustriesandtheethicalquestionstheyraise.b)Mainclause:"Therapidadvancementsinartificialintelligencearefundamentallyreshapingindustries".Subordinateclause:"whichhavebeendrivenbyincreasedcomputationalpowerandvastdatasets".c)"whichhavebeendrivenby..."isarelativeclausemodifying"advancements"."aboutthefutureof..."isaprepositionalphraseactingastheobjectofthepreposition"questions".2.a)Themainactionis"concluded".Thesubjectis"theteam".b)Thephrase"Havingmeticulouslyanalyzed..."isapresentperfectparticipialphraseactingasanadverbial,modifyingthemainverb"concluded"andindicatingthetimeormannerbeforetheconclusion.c)Thenounphrase"thediscoveredpottery,despiteitsweatheredcondition"isthedirectobjectoftheverb"concluded".3.a)Theconditionis"ifgloballeadersfailtoimplementeffectivepoliciestocurbcarbonemissionsandtransitiontowardsrenewableenergysources".Thepotentialoutcomeis"theconsequencesfortheplanet'sclimatesystem,potentiallyleadingtoirreversibledamageandcatastrophicweatherevents".b)Thesubordinateclauseis"potentiallyleadingtoirreversibledamageandcatastrophicweatherevents".c)Thephrase"potentiallyleadingto..."isareducedrelativeclause(usingtheparticiple"leading"insteadof"thatwereleading"),modifyingthenounphrase"theconsequences".4.a)Thetwoeffectsare"facilitateseconomicgrowthandspecialization"and"createscomplexdependenciesthatcanamplifysystemicrisks".b)Thecoordinatingconjunctionis"but".Itconnectsthetwoindependentclauses:"Theintricatenetwork...facilitateseconomicgrowthandspecialization"and"[Thenetwork]createscomplexdependencies...".c)Thephrase"thatcanamplifysystemicrisks"isarelativeclausemodifyingthenounphrase"complexdependencies".5.a)Themaincontrastisbetween"theoverwhelmingevidencesuggestingthebenefits"and"significantfundingshortagesandlogisticalchallenges".b)Thenounphraseis"significantfundingshortagesandlogisticalchallenges".c)Thephrase"Despitetheoverwhelmingevidencesuggesting..."isaprepositionalphrasefunctioningasanadverbial,introducingacontrasttothemainclause.第二部分6.Thetwomainfactorsaretheuniquethermalpropertiesofurbansurfaces(likeabsorptionandretentionofheat)andtheconcentrationofheat-generatinghumanactivities(likevehicleemissionsandenergyconsumption).7.Thephrase"referto..."isusedtodefineorexplainthemeaningoftheterm"urbanheatislands"(UHIs).8.Thesesurfacesabsorbalargeamountofsolarradiationduringthedayandreleaseitslowlyatnight,warmingtheairandcontributingtohighertemperaturesinurbanareascomparedtoruralsurroundings.9.Thegrammaticalstructureusedisalistofnounsseparatedbycommas,introducedbythepreposition"from".10.Thethreestrategiesare:increasingurbangreenspaces(throughparksandgreenroofs),utilizingreflectiveroofingmaterials,andpromotingenergy-efficientbuildingdesigns.第三部分11.a)Subject:"Notonlydidtheexperiencedjournalist".Verb:"didpredict".Object:"theoutcome".(Inversionstructure).Subordinateclausesubject:"she".Verb:"provided".Object:"insightfulanalysis".b)Theconjunctionis"but".Itestablishesacoordinatingrelationship,connectingtwoindependentclausesthatpresentcontrastingactionsperformedbythesubject("theexperiencedjournalist").12.a)Thestructureisapresentperfectparticipialphrase"Havingreviewednumerousscientificstudies..."actingasanadverbial,providingbackgroundinformation.b)Mainclausesubject:"theexpertpanel".Mainclauseverb:"concluded".(Implicitobject:"thattheevidencestronglyindicatedahumaninfluence...").c)Theconjunctionis"although".Itintroducesasubordinateclauseandshowsaconcessivelogicalrelationship(despitetheevidence,furtherresearchisstillneeded).13.a)Thesubjectis"Thediscoveryofthisancientmanuscript".b)Thephrase"whichcontainsdetailedastronomicalcalculationsthatpredateknownhistoricalrecords"isanon-restrictiverelativeclause,providingadditionalinformationabout"thisancientmanuscript".c)Theclause"thatpredateknownhistoricalrecords"isanounclause,actingasthecomplementofthepreposition"about"withintherelativeclause.14.a)Theconjunctionis"While".Itintroducesasubordinateclauseandestablishesacontrastinglogicalrelationshipbetweenthetwopartsofthesentence.b)Viewpoint1:"someeconomistsarguethatinflationarypressureswillinevitablyrise".Viewpoint2:"otherscontendthatcentralbankpoliciescouldeffectivelymitigatetheseeffects".c)Theverbconnecting"others"toth