Topic3PrerequisitesforaTranslator

RTopic3PrerequisitesforaTranslator(翻譯對(duì)譯者素養(yǎng)的要求)Teachingaims：getstudentstoknowthedifficultiesintranslationandtheimportanceofbroadeningone’sknowledgeandpracticingTeachingemphasis：PrerequisitesforatranslatorTeachingmethods：AnalysisandPracticeReferences：孫致禮，《新編英漢翻譯教程》p13-14；陳宏薇，《新編漢英翻譯教程》p11-19；彭長江，《英漢－漢英翻譯教程》；郭著章，《英漢互譯實(shí)用教程》。RTopic3PrerequisitesforaTranslator(翻譯對(duì)譯者素養(yǎng)的要求)I.theTranslator’sBilingualCompetenceII.Thebroadeningoftherangeandscopeofourgeneral

knowledgeIII.PoliticalConsciousnessIV.Highly-developedsenseofresponsibilityV.TranslationtechniquesVI.PracticeR（漢語功底要好，英語語言能力要強(qiáng)）譯者應(yīng)具備深厚的語言功底R(shí)I.theTranslator’sBilingualCompetence1.GoodEnglishProficiency1、扎實(shí)的英語基礎(chǔ)，特別是要具有很強(qiáng)的閱讀理解和鑒賞能力。1、1要掌握足夠的英語詞匯量。1、2要掌握系統(tǒng)的英語語法知識(shí)。1、2應(yīng)該大量閱讀英語原著，不斷豐富自己的語言知識(shí)，提高自己的語感：語法意識(shí)（senseofgrammar）、慣用法知識(shí)（senseofidiomaticness）和連貫意識(shí)（senseofcoherence）。RExamples:（SeeE-C,p13、C-E,p12-14）Allthatglittersisnotgold.(Just)imagine(it).把它想像一下吧。不可能/想不到/真沒想到。Reason:LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,“(just)imagine(it)”means“anexpressionofdisapprovalfortheplanorsuggestionjustmentioned,becausenosensiblepersoncouldimaginethatitcouldhappen.”I’llbuyit.(slang:Ican’tunderstandit,pleasetellme.)我不懂。/我答不出。/請(qǐng)告訴我。RYou’retellingme.你正在告訴我。(slang:Iknowthatverywell./Iknewthatlongago.)我早知道了。/還用你告訴我！Nowyou’retalking.現(xiàn)在你正在談話。（informal:Atlastyou’resayingsomethingagreeable.）你到底說了合我意的話了。你這樣說才合我的意思。Examples:（SeeE-C,p13、C-E,p12-14）RYoucantalk.(informal:Youdon’thavetoworryaboutdoingaparticularthingyourself.)你不必?fù)?dān)心自己要干什么。“Come,Come!Don’tbesodevilishlysulky:it’sboyish.”(MajorBarbarabyG.BernardShaw)“來，來……““得，得，也用不著那樣地不開心，這完全是孩子氣?！?/p>

Examples:（SeeE-C,p13、C-E,p12-15、）RSo,whattroublesusintranslationareusuallythosesimpleandfamiliarwordsbutnotthosedifficultandrarelyusedones.R2、GoodChineseProficiency(扎實(shí)的漢語基礎(chǔ)，特別是下工夫提高漢語表達(dá)能力。)那地方是塊肥肉，誰都想吃。Thatplaceisafatpieceofmeatwhicheveryonewantstoeat.Thatplaceisanattractivepieceofmeatcovetedbyall.你要有所弋獲，則必須在學(xué)習(xí)中不斷深入。Ifyouwanttogainanything,youmustconstantlydeepenyourstudies.R那研究生英年好學(xué)，矻矻三載，終使其論文得以付梓。Thatgraduatestudentathislife’sfullfloweringwaseagertolearn,workeddiligentlyanduntiringlyfor3years,andfinallyhehadhisthesispublished.2、GoodChineseProficiency(扎實(shí)的漢語基礎(chǔ)，特別是下工夫提高漢語表達(dá)能力。)RII.Thebroadeningoftherangeandscopeofourgeneralknowledge廣博的文化知識(shí)（漢英、互譯）RTheSecurityCouncil

hasbeenseizedofthequestionsincethen.（需要國際法方面的知識(shí)）安理會(huì)自那時(shí)以來一直受理這個(gè)問題。Serialpositioneffectsoccurwhenpeopletrytorecallitemsfromalist;itemsatthebeginningandendarebetterrecalledthantheitemsinthemiddle.Theimprovedrecallforitemsatthebeginningofalistiscalledaprimacyeffect.Theimprovedrecallforitemsattheendofalistiscalledarecencyeffect.人們要努力回想某一系列中的項(xiàng)目就會(huì)出現(xiàn)系列位置效應(yīng)。位于系列開頭和最后的項(xiàng)目比在中間的項(xiàng)目更易想起。對(duì)位于系列開頭項(xiàng)目的記憶的提高稱作首因效應(yīng)，而對(duì)系列最后項(xiàng)目的記憶的提高稱作近因效應(yīng)。RTheimportanceofthetranslator’sstoreofgeneralknowledge---andofhis/herknowledgeofthesubjectmattercannotbeoveremphasized,anditcanalmostbeacceptedasarulethat,giventherequiredlanguageproficiency,thegreaterthetranslator’sknowledgeofthesubjectmatter,thelessarduouslyunderstandingoccurs,andthemoreaccuratehis/herrepresentationinthetargetlanguage.RIII.PoliticalConsciousnessTheenemykilledoneofourcomradesandwekilledanenemyagent.敵人殺害了我們一位同志，我們?cè)琢艘粋€(gè)敵特。Thepeasantsandworkerswerehandinglove

withoneanotherinthestruggleagainstthelandlordsandcapitalistswhoworkedhandinglovewitheachother.

在反對(duì)狼狽為奸的地主和資本家的斗爭中，工人和農(nóng)民團(tuán)結(jié)一致（或親如手足）。thepeasantsuprisinginthehistoryofChina

“農(nóng)民叛亂”or“農(nóng)民起義”?RIV.Highly-developedsenseofresponsibility(高度的責(zé)任感)（漢英p17-18）一是嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、端正的工作態(tài)度。朱生豪方平翻譯是坐冷板凳。二是敬業(yè)、樂業(yè)的主人公意識(shí)。RV.Translationtechniques(一定的翻譯策略)一個(gè)譯者可以不去過問翻譯理論，但他決不會(huì)沒有自己的翻譯策略。Theuseofsimplifiedandincompletemodelsofadesigntoexploreideas,elaboraterequirements,refinespecifications,andtestfunctionality.使用簡化的半成品的設(shè)計(jì)模型來調(diào)查意見、詳盡要求、完善規(guī)格和測試功能。RUnlessyou’veanaceupyoursleeve,wearedished.

除非你有錦囊妙計(jì)，否則我們是輸定了。（歸化）除非你袖中藏有王牌，否則我們是輸定了。（異化）Thetranslatormustbequitefamiliarwiththebasictranslationtechniques.Inaddition,thetranslatormusthaveanappropriatepoliticalconsciousness.”.Etc.

Tosumup,asagoodtranslator,onehastoknowwelltheforeignlanguage,theChineselanguage,andthesubjectmatter.

RAboutahalfcenturyago,thelaterespectedandbelovedpremierZhouEnlai,inaninterviewwithstudentsofBeijingForeignLanguagesInstitute(nowBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity),strengthenedthe“basictraining”inthethreeessentialaspects:theenhancementofourpoliticalconsciousness,thebettermentofourcommandoftherelevantlanguages,andthebroadeningoftherangeandscopeofourgeneralknowledge.RVI.Practice1(1)Healmostlosthisbusiness---hedistributesappliances.Hemanagedtogetbacktoworkslowlyandgotthingsundercontrol.*他幾乎失業(yè)，經(jīng)多次申請(qǐng)，最后設(shè)法上了班，能把事情控制?。芴幚砀黜?xiàng)事務(wù)了）?！趟龅氖峭其N日用品器具的生意，（有一次）幾乎倒了臺(tái)（垮了），（后來）又慢慢地站住了，情況好了起來。2）Holdonamoment.Letmeputyouinthepicturefirst.(makeyouknowtherealsituation)*先別急，我?guī)闳タ匆幌聢D片/我替你拍了一張照片?！虅e急，先聽我給你解釋一下/我先把情況給你說一說。.R3）IhadtheinteriordonebythatyoungSpaniard.It’sextremelybeautiful.*年輕的司巴民達(dá)陶冶我的心靈，這真是美極了。√我請(qǐng)了幾個(gè)年輕的西班牙人做室內(nèi)裝潢，搞得真是漂亮極了。（Spaniard：Spanishman）4）Ifoundthatitispossibletowalkyourwaytobetterhealth,atrimmerbodyandalonglife----nomatterwhatyourage.我發(fā)現(xiàn)，不論你年齡多大，散步有可能使你祛病強(qiáng)身、矯形正體、延年益壽。R5）InPeking,mywifeboughtanoff-the-rackpairofpantsofacrylicfiber(acrilan晴綸)，handsomelycutandwellmade.在北京我妻子買了一條漂亮地剪裁和做得很合適的晴綸褲子。在北京，我妻子買了一條現(xiàn)成的丙稀晴綸纖維的褲子，剪裁漂亮，做工講究。R1.普陀山挨著東海，地形狹長，全島面積12、5平方公里，與五臺(tái)、峨嵋、九華并稱我國佛教四大名山。ChinaPictorial6/82期，譯為：Risingonalong,narrow12.5square-kilometerislandofftheEastChinaSea,PutuoMountain,alongwithWutai,Emei,andJiuhuaare(→is)consideredChina’sfourleadingBuddhistmountains.英國人SaraGrimes在一本中國導(dǎo)游書中寫：PutuoIslandwithJiuhua,EmeiandWutaimountainsisregardedasoneofthefourholiestBuddhistmountainsinChina.R2.入世后，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)要與國際市場接軌。a.AfterChina’saccessiontotheWTOoureconomywillbecome/isintegratedintotheworld/globalmarket.b.China’sWTOmembershipwillbringitseconomyinlinewiththeworldmarket.c.China’sentryintotheWTOwillintegrateitseconomyintotheworldmarket/bringitseconomyinconvergencewiththeglobalmarket.R更多“接軌”，“與國際接軌”bb√jointrackswiththerestoftheworld√connectourtracktotheinternationaltrack√accordwithinternationalnorms(慣例)√begearedtointernationalconventions√becompatiblewithinternationalpracticesSo,let’sbearinmind:Thequalityoftranslationbyanyonecouldneverexceedthepowerofthetwolevelsofhisbilingualattainment,eveniftheoriginalisagreatwork.AChina’sweakestlinkisthemeasureofitsstrength.RPractice2：只準(zhǔn)州官放火，不準(zhǔn)百姓點(diǎn)燈。弄不好，就會(huì)前功盡棄。解放思想，實(shí)事求是，開拓創(chuàng)新，繼往開來，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。要發(fā)展就要變，不變就不會(huì)發(fā)展。REmancipatingthemind,seekingtruthfromfacts,comingupwithnewideasinrespec