/第3講非謂語動詞/●單句填空1.[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷]Twoyearslater,asix-metre-tallpavilion,(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,wasbuiltattheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.

2.[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷](recall)watchingaChineseoperaversionofShakespeare’splayRichardⅢinShanghaiandmeetingChineseactorswhocametoStratfordafewyearsagotoperformpartsofThePeonyPavilion,Edmondsonsaid…

3.[2024·浙江1月考]Theshelvesinmostsupermarketsarefulloffamily-sizethisandmulti-buythat.However,ifyou’reshoppingforone,buyingextra(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn’tmakesense.

4.[2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷]Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.

5.[2023·全國乙卷](visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.

6.[2023·新高考全國Ⅰ卷]Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthesteamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue(舌頭).

非謂語動詞主要有不定式、動詞的-ing形式(包括動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞)及過去分詞三類。其語態(tài)和句法功能如下表:語態(tài)和句法功能非謂語動詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)句法功能一般完成一般完成主語賓語表語定語狀語補語不定式todotohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√動詞的-ing形式doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone√√√√√√過去分詞done√√√√考點一不定式和動名詞作主語動名詞作主語多指抽象的、概念性的動作,可以是多次的、經(jīng)常性的行為;不定式作主語多表示具體的動作,尤其是某一次的動作。Smokingisforbiddeninpublicplaces.(經(jīng)常性的)公共場所禁止吸煙。Itisimpossibletogoswimmingthisafternoon.(具體的)今天下午去游泳是不可能的。不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,而把不定式放在謂語之后。Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.戒煙是正確的?！癐tis/wasawasteof…/nouse/nogood/worthdoingsth.”句型中常用動名詞作主語。Itisworthmakinganappointmentbeforeyougo.你在去之前預(yù)約一下是值得的。ItwasnousepretendingthatIhadnotseenhim,soIwavedtohim.假裝沒看見他已經(jīng)沒用了,因此我向他招了招手。【技法訓(xùn)練一】1.[2021·北京卷]Similarly,accordingtoresearchers,(listen)tojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels…

2.[2021·新高考全國Ⅰ卷](be)emotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.

3.[2020·北京卷]Ittakesthemhundredsofyears(break)down.Manyofthesebagsendupintheoceanwherelargeronescantrapseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.

考點二不定式和動名詞作賓語規(guī)則1下列動詞只能用不定式作賓語,請牢記下面的口訣:決心學(xué)會想希望,拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend主動答應(yīng)選計劃,同意請求幫一幫offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help(后面跟不定式作賓語時,to可以省略)IchoosetolearnGermanratherthanFrench.我選擇學(xué)德語而不是學(xué)法語。規(guī)則2下列動詞或詞組只能用動名詞作賓語,請牢記下面的口訣:考慮建議盼原諒,承認(rèn)推遲沒得想consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/putoff,fancy避免錯過繼續(xù)練,否認(rèn)完成就欣賞avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒險,不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡forbid,imagine,risk;can’thelp(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escapebeused/accustomedto,leadto,devote…to,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand(無法忍受),giveup,feellike等短語也要用動名詞作賓語。Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我非常感激兩年前被給予了這個出國學(xué)習(xí)的機會。規(guī)則3下列動詞或詞組既可以接動名詞作賓語,也可以接不定式作賓語,但意義上有區(qū)別:meantodosth打算做某事forgettodosth忘記去做某事(未做)regrettodosth對即將做的事表示遺憾(未做)trytodosth盡力去做某事goontodosth繼續(xù)做另外一件事remembertodosth記著去做某事(未做)Whatapoormemory!Iforgotborrowingmoneyfromhimyesterday.ButtodayIforgottoreturnthemoneytohim.多么差的記憶力!我忘了昨天向他借過錢了,但今天我又忘了把錢還給他。規(guī)則4固定結(jié)構(gòu)(1)Thereisnopoint/sense/harm+indoingsth.做某事沒用/沒意義/沒有害處。(2)havedifficulty/trouble/aproblem/ahardtime/agoodtime/fun+(in)doingsth(3)spend/wastetime(in)doingsth(4)cannothelpbutdo,candonothingbutdo,havenochoice/alternativebuttodo表示“不得不”。(5)“Whynot+動詞原形?”表示向某人提出建議,意為“為什么不……?”(6)“wouldrather/hadbetter(+not)+動詞原形”意為“寧愿/最好(不)……”?！炯挤ㄓ?xùn)練二】1.[2024·全國甲卷]Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tend(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.

2.[2022·浙江1月考]ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans(continue)thepractice.

3.[2021·全國乙卷]Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠足)andaccommodationsaim(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.

4.Inthemoderninformationage,onecan’tavoid(surround)byvariouskindsofadvertisements.

考點三不定式和分詞作定語todo/tobedone作定語一般表示將來的動作Theprofessortogiveusalecture(=whowillgiveusalecture)tomorrowcomesfromPekingUniversity.明天要給我們做講座的是一位來自北大的教授。Theproblemtobediscussed(=whichwillbediscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.會上將要討論的問題非常重要。done表示已經(jīng)完成的或被動的動作或者不強調(diào)時間性的被動動作Theproblemdiscussed(=whichwasdiscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.會上討論過的問題非常重要。arespectedteacher(=whoisrespected)一個被人尊敬的老師doing表示正在進行的或者經(jīng)常性的主動動作或現(xiàn)在(或當(dāng)時)的狀態(tài)Theprofessorgivingusalecture(=whoisgivingusalecture)nowcomesfromPekingUniversity.現(xiàn)在正在給我們做講座的是一位來自北大的教授。beingdone表示被動的、正在進行的動作Theproblembeingdiscussed(=whichisbeingdiscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.會上正在討論的問題非常重要。[溫馨提示]使用todo/tobedone作定語的情況:(1)不定式用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no,all,any等限定的中心詞,且與中心詞為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他總是第一個到校,最后一個離校。(2)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時,常用不定式作定語。常見的該類名詞有:ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表達觀點的能力與觀點本身同等重要。(3)不定式與其修飾的名詞之間在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系。Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做?！炯挤ㄓ?xùn)練三】1.[2024·浙江1月考]Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarketshavestartedsellingchickenorsaladinpacks(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).

2.[2023·北京卷]Shecalledforaction(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.

3.[2022·北京卷]Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.

4.[2022·全國甲卷]Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.

5.[2021·新高考全國Ⅰ卷]Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour(ache)legs.

考點四不定式和分詞作表語excite,puzzle,disappoint,astonish,amaze,bore,encourage,inspire,shock,move,tire,challenge,touch等動詞,它們表示事物的特征時,用現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,表示人的特征、狀態(tài)時,用過去分詞作表語。Ifeltshockedwhenhearingthenewsthatheneedsanoperation.聽到他需要做手術(shù)的消息時我感到很震驚。Thesituationbothathomeandabroadisveryinspiring.國內(nèi)外的形勢都很鼓舞人心。不定式作表語多表示某一次具體的、特定的或有待實現(xiàn)的動作。MydreamistoenterPekingUniversity.我的夢想是考入北京大學(xué)?！炯挤ㄓ?xùn)練四】1.[2021·全國乙卷]Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravellertobecome(educate)abouttheareas…

2.Theintentionoftheseadaptationsis(make)theclassicsmoreaccessibletoyoungreaders.

3.ItseemsthatpeopleinWesterncountriesarebecomingincreasingly(worry)aboutthesideeffectsofdrugs…

4.Thewholeconceptionwasvery(puzzle)tohiscontemporaries,towhomacomputerwasamachinetodosums.

考點五不定式和分詞作賓語補足語規(guī)則1hope,welcome,agree,suggest,demand不能跟sbtodosth,即不能帶補語。①hopesbtodosth應(yīng)改為wish/expectsbtodosth②welcomesbtodosth應(yīng)改為sbbewelcometodosth③agreesbtodosth應(yīng)改為allow/permitsbtodosth④suggestsbtodosth應(yīng)改為advisesbtodosth/suggestsb(should)dosth⑤demandsbtodosth應(yīng)改為requiresbtodosth/demandsb(should)dosth規(guī)則2感官動詞帶賓補的情況:結(jié)構(gòu)公式(以see為例):see+賓語+doing/done/do→beseen+doing/done/todo結(jié)構(gòu)意義:do,todo表示動作的全過程或經(jīng)常性的動作;doing表示主動的、正在進行的動作;done表示完成的、被動的動作(如果是不及物動詞則只表示完成的動作)。此類動詞及短語有:notice,watch,observe,listento,hear,feel,find等。Shewasseentoenterthemeetingroom.有人看到她進了會議室。Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.如果廚師被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房里吸煙,他會被立即解雇。規(guī)則3使役動詞make,let,have,get后加復(fù)合賓語的情況:(1)get帶賓補的情況:①“get+賓語+doingsth=send+賓語+doingsth”意為“使……開始做某事”,表示由靜止到運動并持續(xù)下去。②“get+賓語+todosth=let/have+賓語+dosth”表示“讓……做某事”。③“get+賓語+done=have+賓語+done”表示“使……被做”。(2)make/let帶賓補的情況:“make/let+賓語+dosth”意為“讓……做某事”。(3)have帶賓補的情況:①“have+sth+done”意為“讓某事被做”。②“have+sb+doingsth”意為“讓某人一直做某事”。③“have+sb+dosth”意為“讓某人做某事”。規(guī)則4keep/leave+賓語+doing(主動,且持續(xù)進行)/done(被動)。規(guī)則5want/order/ask/wish/like+賓語+(tobe)done(賓語與補語之間為被動關(guān)系)。規(guī)則6“bereported/said/believed…+todo/tobedoing/tohavedonesth”意為“據(jù)報道/據(jù)說/人們認(rèn)為……要做/正在做/做過某事”。【技法訓(xùn)練五】1.[2023·新高考全國Ⅰ卷]Nanxiangaside,thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.

2.[2023·新高考全國Ⅰ卷]NomatterwhereIbuythem,though,onesteamerbasketisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,andsoIamalwaysleft(want)morenexttime.

3.[2020·全國卷Ⅱ]Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

4.[2020·全國卷Ⅲ]Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.

考點六不定式和分詞作狀語不定式作狀語動詞不定式可以用作目的狀語。Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.我穿過馬路以便避開他,但他看到我了并朝我跑了過來。onlytodosth為不定式作結(jié)果狀語,表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。Wehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.我們急匆匆地趕到車站,結(jié)果被告知火車已經(jīng)開走了。形容詞或過去分詞作表語時,后面可接不定式作原因狀語。常見的詞有:happy,lucky,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased,fortunate,right等。YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwastoseeheryesterday.你永遠不會知道我昨天見到她有多高興。在“主語+系動詞+表語(形容詞)+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortabletositon.這把椅子看上去很硬,但實際上坐上去很舒服。分詞作狀語用法例句作時間狀語相當(dāng)于when,while,before等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。Translatedinto(=Whenitwastranslatedinto)English,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.這個句子被譯成英語后,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)它有一個完全不同的語序。作原因狀語相當(dāng)于because,since,as等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。Notknowing(=Becausehedidn’tknow)howmuchlongerhecouldlast,Nicholasdidtheonlythinghecould—hehuddledinhiscaveandslept.因為不知道還能維持(生存)多久,尼古拉斯做了他唯一能做的一件事——蜷縮在他的山洞里睡覺。作條件狀語相當(dāng)于if,unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Used(=Ifitisused)withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.如果小心使用,一罐可以用六個星期。作結(jié)果狀語常用現(xiàn)在分詞表示自然而然的結(jié)果。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中國已經(jīng)修建了更多的公路,這讓人們的出行變得更容易。(續(xù)表)分詞作狀語用法例句作方式或伴隨狀語表示一個與謂語動作同時發(fā)生的次要的或者伴隨的動作,常用逗號與句子主體部分隔開。Theywouldbeabletoreplytooursignals,usingsimilarmethods.他們能夠用類似的方法回復(fù)我們的信號。(作方式狀語)Allnightlonghelayawake,thinkingoftheproblem.一整個晚上他都躺在床上睡不著,思考著那個問題。(作伴隨狀語)作讓步狀語相當(dāng)于though,although,evenif等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingontheice.雖然被警告有危險,他仍然去冰上滑冰?！炯挤ㄓ?xùn)練六】1.[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷]Thedesignfeaturestensteel“sepals(萼片)”madeofglassandaluminium(鋁).Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.

2.[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷]…addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.

3.[2022·新高考全國Ⅰ卷](cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.

4.[2021·新高考全國Ⅱ卷]Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,(think)itisfood.

5.[2020·天津卷改編](complete)in1931,theEmpireStateBuilding,thehighestskyscraperuntil1954,inspiredtheimaginationoftheworld.

考點七with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):with+賓語(名詞/代詞)+賓語補足語(1)“with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”中的現(xiàn)在分詞表主動且進行,或表特征。(2)“with+名詞/代詞+過去分詞”中的過去分詞表被動且完成,或表狀態(tài)。(3)“with+名詞/代詞+動詞不定式”中的不定式表將來。(4)“with+名詞/代詞+形容詞/副詞/名詞/介詞短語”中的形容詞等表賓語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperinthepark,withtheirpetdogfollowingthem.這對老夫婦晚飯后經(jīng)常在公園散步,他們的寵物狗跟在他們后面。Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied,withhisworksunfinished.真可惜,這位偉大的作家去世了,他的作品尚未完成。Withsomethingimportanttotalkaboutwithyou,youmuststay.因為有很重要的事要和你商量,你必須留下來。Withproductionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.產(chǎn)量提高了60%,公司又度過了業(yè)績卓著的一年?？键c八獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨立存在。在句中一般作狀語,表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等,也可以作定語。形式例句名詞/代詞(主格)+非謂語動詞Weatherpermitting,weshallplaythematchtomorrow.(permit的邏輯主語是weather而非we)如果天氣允許的話,我們明天就進行比賽。Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.(fix的邏輯主語是hiseyes而非he)他上課專心聽講,眼睛緊盯著黑板。名詞/代詞(主格)+名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語Thestudentswerehavingadiscussion,theirfaces(being)redwithexcitement.學(xué)生們正在進行討論,他們激動得臉都紅了。Theboycamein,bookinhand.男孩走進來,手里拿著書。[溫馨提示]為使句子簡潔、明快,獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的冠詞或代詞也常省略。【技法訓(xùn)練七】1.Withnoagreement(reach),bothsidesagreedtospendanotherdaydiscussingthemainproblems.

2.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons(finish)fortheday.

3.Withnomoneyinhand(spend),shesighedandhadtoleave.

4.Sheranuptome,herhair(fly)inthewind.

●Ⅰ單句填空1.Ittakesabitofpractice(feel)comfortablewhenforeignerslearntousechopstickstoeat.

2.(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.

3.OnFeltonPlace,astreetinMadison,Wisconsin,thereisaverysmalllibrary(hold)about20books.

4.Accordingtoastudy(publish)inthemagazineScience,thechangesinthesoundsofouroceans,seas,andotherwaterwaysaffectmanyseaanimals.

5.Afterthewarbrokeout,thesoldiersinthatareawerethefirstgroup(send)tothefront.

6.Enoughexerciseandabalanceddietcanhelpyoudevelopahealthylifestyle,thus(enable)youtohavemoreenergy.

7.(deny)bymanypotentialcustomers,thesalesmanhadtogatherhiscourageandselltheproductindifferentways.

8.Hehurriedtothestation,only(find)the9:30trainhadalreadyleft.

9.China’simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.

10.WeshouldimproveourabilitytoengageininternationalcommunicationtotellthestoriesofChinawellandmakethevoiceofChina(hear)globally.

11.Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,DrLeewasveryhappytoseehismother(take)goodcareofathome.

12.Hestaredattheresultofhismathsexam,hismouthwideopenandhissmile(freeze).

13.(shape)toresemblealotusflower,Singapore’sArtScienceMuseumappearstofloatabovethewaterthatsurroundsit.

14.MyfirstEnglishteacherMsWanghasretired,butshestillremembersthehappytime(spend)withusstudents.

●Ⅱ語法填空[2024·福建泉州第一中學(xué)高三適應(yīng)性測試]Askywell,or“tianjing”inChinese,isatypicalfeatureofatraditionalhomeinSouthernandEasternChina.Theyarecommonlyseeninhomes1.(date)backtotheMingandQingdynasties,which2.(design)tohousedifferentgenerationsofrelatives.Despitetheirvariedsizesanddesigns,theseskywellsaretypicallysquareandlocatedin3.heartofthehouse.Theyservetoallowinlight,enhanceairflow,andharvestrainwater.

Sincedecadesago,thegovernment4.(advocate)greenbuildings,promotingenvironmentally-friendlypractice.TheincreasedinteresttowardstraditionalChinesearchitectureisleadingtotherestorationofhistoricbuildingswithskywells5.modernuse.Architectsarealsolookingtowardstheprinciplesbehindskywellswhiledesigningnewbuildings6.(save)energy.TheDongguanTBATowerinGuangdongProvince,forexample,bringsnaturalairflowintoeveryfloorwithinternal“windpipes”7.functioninasimilarwaytoskywells.Theaim