甘肅2025自考[環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)]英語(yǔ)（二）高頻題(考點(diǎn))一、選擇題（每題2分，共20題）注：每題只有一個(gè)最佳答案。1.Thedesignofeco-friendlyurbanspacesinGansuProvincerequiresastrongunderstandingof_______toensuresustainability.A.economictheoryB.environmentalscienceC.politicalscienceD.culturalhistory2.WhichofthefollowingisakeychallengeinimplementinggreenbuildingpracticesinaridregionslikeGansu?A.HighlaborcostsB.LimitedwateravailabilityC.ExcessiverainfallD.Advancedtechnology3.Inthecontextofenvironmentaldesign,"biophilicdesign"emphasizestheintegrationof_______toenhancehumanwell-being.A.industrialmaterialsB.naturalelementsC.artificiallightingD.mechanicalsystems4.TheGansuProvincialGovernmenthasprioritizedthedevelopmentof_______tocombatdesertification.A.urbanskyscrapersB.windbreakersandsand-fixingprojectsC.commercialmallsD.undergroundtunnels5.Whatdoes"LEEDcertification"typicallyassessinabuilding'senvironmentalperformance?A.ArchitecturalaestheticsB.EnergyefficiencyandwaterconservationC.HistoricalsignificanceD.Materialcost-effectiveness6.Awell-designedpublicparkinGansushouldconsiderthelocal_______tosupportbiodiversity.A.climatepatternsB.economicpoliciesC.politicalboundariesD.populationdensity7.Theuseofrecycledmaterialsinconstructionhelpsreduce_______inGansu'sconstructionindustry.A.aestheticappealB.carbonfootprintC.laborproductivityD.landscarcity8.WhichsustainableurbanplanningstrategyismosteffectiveinpreventingsoilerosioninGansu?A.High-densityhousingB.GreenroofsC.ConcretepavementsD.Freeways9.Theconceptof"adaptivereuse"involvesconverting_______intonewfunctionalspaces.A.naturalreservesB.abandonedfactoriesC.agriculturallandsD.residentialbuildings10.InGansu,theimplementationofrenewableenergysourceslikesolarpanelsisdrivenby_______.A.culturaltraditionsB.environmentalregulationsC.historicalpreservationD.economicincentives二、填空題（每空1分，共10空）注：請(qǐng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填寫合適的單詞。1._______designaimstominimizeenvironmentalimpactthroughresourceefficiencyandwastereduction.2.TheGansuDesertHighwayisanexampleofmodern_______engineeringtoaddressaridterrainchallenges.3.SustainableurbandevelopmentinGansumustbalance_______growthwithenvironmentalprotection.4.Theuseoflocallysourcedmaterialsreduces_______andsupportsregionaleconomies.5."Smartcities"inGansuleveragetechnologytooptimize_______andenergyuse.6.TheLoessPlateauinGansurequiresspecialattentionto_______duetosoilerosionrisks.7.Greeninfrastructure,suchasraingardens,helpsmanageurban_______inGansu'saridclimate.8.The_______Movementadvocatesforharmonybetweenhumansettlementsandnature.9.InGansu,windenergyisakeycontributorto_______independence.10.The_______principleindesignemphasizestheuseofnaturallightandventilation.三、判斷題（每題1分，共10題）注：請(qǐng)判斷下列說法的正誤。1.Biodegradablematerialsarealwayspreferredinsustainableconstruction.2.TheYellowRiver,flowingthroughGansu,isamajorwatersourceforirrigation.3.High-risebuildingsaremoreenergy-efficientthanlow-risestructuresincoldclimates.4.Gansu'saridenvironmentmakesitunsuitableforgreenroofs.5.The"CircularEconomy"modelpromoteswastegenerationanddisposal.6.UrbangreenwallsinGansucanreduceairpollutionandnoiselevels.7.TraditionalarchitecturalstylesinGansuhavenorelevancetomodernenvironmentaldesign.8.SolarpanelsrequireminimalmaintenanceinGansu'sharshclimate.9.TheGansuProvincialGovernmenthasnopoliciestosupportsustainableurbanplanning.10.RainwaterharvestingisnotviableinregionswithlowrainfalllikeGansu.四、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題5分，共4題）注：請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要回答下列問題。1.ExplaintheroleofsustainablematerialsinenvironmentaldesigninGansu.2.HowcangreeninfrastructuremitigateurbanheatislandeffectsinaridcitieslikeGansu?3.DescribetwochallengesinimplementingrenewableenergyprojectsinGansuandsuggestsolutions.4.WhatarethekeyprinciplesofbiophilicdesignandhowcantheybeappliedinGansu'spublicspaces?五、論述題（10分）注：請(qǐng)結(jié)合甘肅地域特點(diǎn)，深入探討“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”在環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用。答案與解析一、選擇題答案1.B2.B3.B4.B5.B6.A7.B8.B9.B10.B解析：1.Eco-friendlydesigninGansureliesonenvironmentalsciencetoensuresustainability.2.LimitedwaterinaridGansuposesamajorchallengeforgreenbuilding.3.Biophilicdesignintegratesnaturalelementsforhumanwell-being.4.Windbreakersandsand-fixingprojectscombatdesertificationinGansu.5.LEEDcertificationfocusesonenergyandwaterefficiency.6.ClimatepatternsarecrucialforbiodiversityinGansu'sparks.7.Recycledmaterialsreducecarbonfootprintinconstruction.8.Greenroofspreventsoilerosioninaridregions.9.Adaptivereuseinvolvesrepurposingabandonedstructures.10.RenewableenergyisdrivenbyenvironmentalregulationsinGansu.二、填空題答案1.Sustainable2.Environmental3.Urban4.Transportation5.Transportation6.Soilerosion7.Stormwater8.Environmental9.Energy10.Passive解析：1.Sustainabledesignminimizesenvironmentalimpact.2.TheGansuDesertHighwayusesenvironmentalengineering.3.Urbandevelopmentbalancesgrowthandecology.4.Locallysourcedmaterialsreducetransportationcosts.5.Smartcitiesoptimizetransportationandenergy.6.SoilerosionisaconcernintheLoessPlateau.7.Raingardensmanagestormwaterinaridclimates.8.TheEnvironmentalMovementpromotesharmonywithnature.9.WindenergyaidsenergyindependenceinGansu.10.Passivedesignusesnaturallightandventilation.三、判斷題答案1.True2.True3.False(Low-risestructuresaremoreefficientincoldclimates.)4.False(Greenroofsareviableinaridregions.)5.False(TheCircularEconomyreduceswaste.)6.True7.False(Traditionalstylescaninspiremoderndesign.)8.False(Solarpanelsrequireregularmaintenance.)9.False(Gansuhaspoliciesforsustainableplanning.)10.False(Rainwaterharvestingcanworkwithpropersystems.)四、簡(jiǎn)答題答案1.SustainablematerialsinenvironmentaldesigninGansu-Reduceenvironmentalimpactthroughlowercarbonfootprints.-Supportlocaleconomiesbyusingregionalresources.-Enhancedurabilityandenergyefficiencyinharshclimates.2.Greeninfrastructuremitigatingurbanheatislands-Greenroofsandwallsabsorbsolarradiation,reducingtemperatures.-Treesprovideshadeandcoolairthroughevapotranspiration.-Permeablepavementsreduceheatretentioninaridregions.3.ChallengesandsolutionsforrenewableenergyinGansu-Challenge:Highinitialcosts.Solution:Governmentsubsidiesandincentives.-Challenge:Inconsistentsunlightinwinter.Solution:Hybridsystemswithwindenergy.4.PrinciplesofbiophilicdesigninGansu-Connectoccupantswithnaturallight,ventilation,andviews.-Usenaturalmaterialslikewoodandstone.-Incorporatelivingplantsandwaterfeatures.五、論述題答案SustainableEnvironmentalDesigninGansuGansuProvince,withitsaridclimateanddiverselandscapes,facesuniqueenvironmentalchallenges.Sustainabledesignmustprioritizeresourceefficiency,localadaptation,andecologicalbalance.Keystrategiesinclude:1.RenewableEnergyIntegration-