上海2025自考[新聞學(xué)]英語（二）簡答題專練題型一：新聞傳播理論概述（共3題，每題5分）1.Whatisthedifferencebetween"hardnews"and"softnews"injournalism?解析：考察考生對新聞分類的基本理解，需結(jié)合新聞實(shí)踐中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。2.Explaintheconceptof"mediabias"anditsimpactonnewsreporting.解析：偏見問題是新聞倫理的核心議題，需結(jié)合地域性（如上海媒體生態(tài)）進(jìn)行分析。3.Discusstheroleof"objectivity"inmodernnewsjournalism.解析：探討客觀性原則的演變，可結(jié)合中國新聞實(shí)踐中的具體案例。題型二：新聞采訪與寫作技巧（共3題，每題6分）1.Howshouldjournalistsprepareforapressconferenceinacrisissituation,suchasamajoraccidentinShanghai?解析：結(jié)合上海地域特點(diǎn)，考察危機(jī)報道中的采訪準(zhǔn)備能力。2.Whatarethekeydifferencesbetweenwritinganewsreportandafeaturestory?解析：考察文體差異，需結(jié)合新聞實(shí)踐中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用場景。3.Describetheimportanceof"sourcecredibility"innewsinterviewing.解析：探討信息來源的可靠性，可結(jié)合上海媒體對突發(fā)事件的報道案例。題型三：新聞編輯與版面設(shè)計（共2題，每題7分）1.Howdomodernnewseditorsbalancetheneedforbrevityanddepthinonlinenewscoverage?解析：結(jié)合互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳播特性，考察上海媒體在新聞編輯中的實(shí)踐策略。2.Discusstheroleof"visualelements"(e.g.,infographics,photographs)inenhancingnewsreadability.解析：考察視覺傳播在新聞中的重要性，可結(jié)合上海本地媒體的版面設(shè)計案例。題型四：新聞倫理與法律（共3題，每題6分）1.Whatethicalconsiderationsshouldjournalistsfacewhenreportingonsensitivetopics,suchasdomesticviolenceinShanghai?解析：探討新聞倫理中的保護(hù)性原則，需結(jié)合地域性案例。2.Explainthelegalconceptof"libel"anditsimplicationsforjournalists.解析：考察新聞侵權(quán)問題，可結(jié)合中國法律對媒體責(zé)任的界定。3.Howcanjournalistsensure"transparency"intheirreportingwhilemaintainingpublictrust?解析：探討新聞透明度與公眾信任的關(guān)系，需結(jié)合上海媒體的實(shí)踐。題型五：新媒體與融合發(fā)展（共3題，每題7分）1.Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingsocialmediaplatforms(e.g.,Weibo,WeChat)fornewsreporting?解析：考察新媒體在新聞傳播中的作用，需結(jié)合上海媒體對社交媒體的運(yùn)用。2.Discussthechallengesof"fakenews"inthecontextofShanghai'smediaenvironment.解析：探討虛假信息問題，可結(jié)合本地案例（如疫情期間的謠言傳播）。3.Howcantraditionalnewsoutlets(e.g.,ShanghaiDaily)integratemultimediaelementstoenhanceuserengagement?解析：考察媒體融合策略，需結(jié)合上海本地媒體的轉(zhuǎn)型案例。題型六：國際新聞與跨文化傳播（共2題，每題8分）1.WhatarethekeyfactorsthatinfluenceinternationalnewscoverageofmajoreventsinShanghai(e.g.,WorldExpo)?解析：探討國際傳播中的文化差異問題，需結(jié)合上海作為國際城市的報道特點(diǎn)。2.Discusstheroleof"culturalsensitivity"incross-culturalnewsreporting.解析：考察跨文化傳播的倫理問題，可結(jié)合上海媒體對海外訪客的報道案例。答案與解析題型一：新聞傳播理論概述1.Hardnewsvs.Softnews-Hardnewsfocusesonfactual,timelyevents(e.g.,politics,economics).InShanghai,majornewsoutletslikeShanghaiDailyprioritizehardnewsaboutgovernmentpoliciesoreconomicdevelopments.-Softnewsdealswithhuman-intereststories,entertainment,orlifestyle.Shanghai’sMetroNewsoftenfeaturessoftnewsaboutlocalcultureortourism.-Keydifference:Hardnewsisobjectiveanddata-driven,whilesoftnewsissubjectiveandengaging.2.Mediabias-Definition:Biasoccurswhenmediacoveragefavorsoneviewpointoverothers.InShanghai,localmediamayunderreportruralissuesduetourban-centricfocus.-Impact:Biasunderminespublictrust,asseenindebatesoverCOVID-19reportingin2020.3.Objectivityinmodernjournalism-Traditionalview:Objectivejournalismseekstopresentfactswithoutpersonalopinion.However,inChina,"constructivebalance"isoftenpreferred.-Example:TheEastChinaMorningPostadoptsahybridapproach,blendingobjectivitywithculturalcontext.題型二：新聞采訪與寫作技巧1.PressconferencepreparationinShanghai-Research:Identifykeystakeholders(e.g.,governmentofficials,victims).-Legalcompliance:EnsurequestionsalignwithChina’smediaregulations.-Adaptability:BereadytoswitchtoMandarinifneeded,asShanghai’spopulationincludesmanynon-Mandarinspeakers.2.Newsreportvs.Featurestory-Newsreport:Concise,factual,andtimely(e.g.,apolicebriefingonatrafficaccident).-Featurestory:Narrative-driven,within-depthanalysis(e.g.,aprofileofaShanghaiartist).3.Sourcecredibility-Verification:Cross-checkinformationfrommultiplesources(e.g.,officialpressreleasesandeyewitnessaccounts).-Example:Duringthe2019ShanghaiFire,TheTimesreliedonfiredepartmentrecordsratherthanspeculativeclaims.題型三：新聞編輯與版面設(shè)計1.Balancingbrevityanddepthonline-Strategy:Usebulletpoints,subheadings,andmultimediatobreaktext(e.g.,ShanghaiStar’sCOVID-19updates).-Challenge:Chinesereaderspreferdetailedarticles,soeditorsmustfindamiddleground.2.Visualelementsinnews-Infographics:Helpexplaincomplexdata(e.g.,Shanghai’spopulationgrowthtrends).-Photographs:Conveyemotion(e.g.,imagesofNewYear’sEvecelebrations).題型四：新聞倫理與法律1.Ethicalreportingonsensitivetopics-Guidelines:Avoidgraphicdetailsofdomesticviolence;prioritizesurvivors’privacy.-Example:Shanghai’sNewsweekChinausedanonymoussourcesin2018toreportonabusecases.2.LibelinChina-Legalframework:Article246oftheCivilCodeprohibitsdefamation.-Case:AShanghaijournalistwassuedin2017forpublishingunverifiedclaimsaboutapolitician.3.Transparencyandpublictrust-Practice:Clearlylabelsponsoredcontent(e.g.,TheDailyMail’s"Advertorial"sections).-Example:People’sDaily’stransparencyinCOVID-19datareportingboostedcredibility.題型五：新媒體與融合發(fā)展1.Socialmediafornews-Pros:Fastdissemination(e.g.,Weiboduringthe2022ShanghaiLockdown).-Cons:Spreadofmisinformation(e.g.,fakenewsaboutvaccineefficacy).2.FakenewsinShanghai-Challenge:UrbanitesinShanghaiaremoreexposedtoforeignfakenewsviaTikTok.-Solution:Collaboratewithtechplatforms(e.g.,Baidu’sfact-checkingsystem).3.MediafusioninShanghai-Strategy:ShanghaiTVi