2026屆新高考英語沖刺復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞詳解（Non-finite-verb)

非謂語動詞的三基本形式:

todo(不定式),doing(現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞),done(過去分詞)基本用法:todo:表將來表目的;doing:表主動表進(jìn)行;done:表被動表完成非謂語動詞動詞的兩個基本用法：謂語(形式多樣化)和非謂語1.Leavingastore,IreturnedtomycaronlytofindIhadlockedmykeysandcellphoneinside.2.HesaysthatwhenitcomestolearningChinese,writingcomesfirst.3.Gettingyourchildrentostoplyingischallenging.4.Thefirststeptowardovercominganythingistobecomeawareofit.非謂語動詞判斷句子中的動詞是謂語還是非謂語1.分析句子成分，找出所有動詞，根據(jù)動詞形式確定所設(shè)空格是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞(看動詞與動詞或句子與句子之間有無連接詞/引導(dǎo)詞)2.找出相關(guān)動詞的邏輯主語，確定該動詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系(主動/被動)3.搜索句子中的相關(guān)時間信息，確定非謂語動詞的恰當(dāng)形式。不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化.

非謂語動詞非謂語動詞的解題方法1）不定式（todo）的形式非謂語動詞用法不定式主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)與謂語動詞的關(guān)系一般式todonottodo:否定形式tobedonenottobedone動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之后進(jìn)行式tobedoingnottobedoing與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式tohavedonenottohavedonetohavebeendonenottohavebeendone動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoingnottohavebeendoing發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前并且持續(xù)到謂語動詞發(fā)生時仍在進(jìn)行(1)作主語:表示具體的、一次性或尚未完成的動作。常用it作形式主語，todo不定式作真正的主語。Toseeistobelieve.(todo不定式作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù))非謂語動詞用法2）不定式（todo）的用法注意:it作形式主語,todo不定式作真正的主語的句式。Itbe+adj.(描寫不定式動作的特征或特點(diǎn))+(forsb.)+todosth.

Itbe+adj.(側(cè)重于評價人物的特性，特征)+ofsb.todosth.Itis/was/seems/appears+n.(pity,pleasure,idea...)todosth.

Ittakes/tooksb.+時間段

todosth.非謂語動詞用法kind,nice,foolish,generous,brave,polite,wise...Itisright(foryou)_______________(giveup).Itisgenerousofhim______________

(contribute)somuch.Itisagreatpleasure________

(talk)withyou.Ittookmethreehours_______(finish)thetask.非謂語動詞用法togiveuptocontributetotalktofinish(2)作表語:表示將來的具體動作或狀態(tài)Mydream（wish/goal...)is______

(enter)PekingUniversity.(3)作賓語:①常用不定式作賓語(v.+todo)的動詞有:afford,agree,determine,decide,refuse,expect,hope,manage,want,fail,wish,pretend,promise,happen,wouldlike,offer,choose,plan,learn....非謂語動詞用法toenterSoonthevillagerscouldn’tafford_______

(buy)foodforthemselves.Imanaged_____

(get)theironingdonethismorning.②動詞tell,show,understand,know,explain,teach,learn,advise,wonder,findout...常接疑問詞(when,what,which,how,where..)+todo(作賓語)Pleaseshowmehow

todothat.Ican’tdecide

which

tobuy.非謂語動詞用法tobuytoget③it作形式賓語,todo不定式作真正的賓語的句型

think/feel/find/make/consider/regard...+it(形式賓語)+n./adj.(賓補(bǔ))+

todo(真正的賓語)Ifindit

pleasant________(work)withhim.Theyfeltit

difficult_______(finish)theworkinsuchashorttime.Shethinksit

herduty________(help)us.Ithinkit

myhonor____________(invite)tospeakhere.非謂語動詞用法toworktofinishtohelptobeinvited非謂語動詞用法(4)作補(bǔ)語:賓補(bǔ):

①常用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞(v.+賓語+賓補(bǔ))有:want,advise,allow,permit,appoint,cause,command,urge,require,request,beg,order,ask,tell,warn,train,teach,instruct,persuade,encourage,challenge,forbid,force,invite,wish,remind,dependon,waitfor,callon+賓語(n./pron.

)+todo....

非謂語動詞用法②下列動詞(在主動語態(tài)中)接省to不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語一感(feel),二聽(hear,listento),三讓(let,make,have),五看(see,notice,observe,watch,lookat),半幫助(help),在被動語態(tài)中要加toNobodysawhimcomein.Thethiefwasobserved

toenterthebank.非謂語動詞用法主補(bǔ)：不定式和句子的主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓(被動)關(guān)系時，不定式用主動形式表達(dá)被動含義。Thisbookisdifficult____________

(understand).tounderstand非謂語動詞用法(5)作定語:①通常置于所修飾名詞或代詞后，與所修飾的詞之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂，動賓或同位語關(guān)系Heisnotaman

totellalie.(主謂關(guān)系)Ihaveanemail

tosend.(動賓關(guān)系)Douyouhavetheability

toreadandwriteinEnglish?(同位語關(guān)系)waytodosth.

做某事的方式chance/opportunitytodosth.做某事的機(jī)會

plan(n.)todo

做某事的計劃非謂語動詞用法②序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級，theonly,thelast

等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后，常用不定式作定語(...+todo/...+n.todo)Sheisalwaysthefirst

_______(come)and

thelast_______(leave).Itisoneof

thebest

themeparks_________(become)moreandmorepopular.tocometoleavetobecome非謂語動詞用法(6)作狀語:功能用法原因狀語用于表示喜怒哀樂等的形容詞后，以此說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因，常用句型:主語+系動詞+adj.(happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,pleased....)todo目的狀語常位于句首或句中，形式上可用inordertodo,soastodo,todo等，但soastodo不能置于句首結(jié)果狀語1.表示意想不到的結(jié)果:onlytodo....(通常指不好的結(jié)果)2.固定結(jié)構(gòu):too+adj./adv.todosth.太...而不能...

so/such...astodo:

如此...以至于...

adj.+enoughforsb.todo:

對某人來說做某事足夠...非謂語動詞用法Iwashappy______(hear)thenews._______(meet)themoviestarIgotupveryearly.Irushedtoschool,only______(find)nobodywasthere.Hewassoexcited

as_____(be)unabletospeak.Theiceisthickenough______(walk)on.Thecasewastooheavy___________(carry)byachild.tohearTomeettofindtobetowalktobecarried(原因狀語)(目的狀語)(結(jié)果狀語)(結(jié)果狀語)(結(jié)果狀語)(結(jié)果狀語)(1)作主語:動名詞作主語表示習(xí)慣性，經(jīng)常性的動作。同時也要注意it作形式主語，動名詞做真正的主語的用法.Playingwithothers

helpsthemlearnhowtogetalongwithallkindsofpeople.非謂語動詞用法3）動名詞（doing）的用法(動名詞[短語]作主語謂語動詞用單數(shù))it作形式主語，動名詞作真正主語的句型結(jié)構(gòu)Itis/wasgood/nogood/nouse(=useless)/awasteof/senseless/fun...+doing...Itisawasteoftimetalkingtoheranymore.Itisnouse

arguingaboutthematterwithhim.Itissenseless

attemptingtheimpossiblethings.

非謂語動詞用法(2)作賓語:①動名詞可以作及物動詞，某些動詞短語以及介詞的賓語。下列動詞(短語)常接動名詞作賓語advise,suggest,admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,excuse,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep(on),mind,practice,=miss,fancy,allow,permit,risk,giveup,insiston,thinkof(about),dreamof,hearof,dependon,feellike,be/get/becomeused/accustomedto,can’t/couldn’tstand/bear,can’t/couldn’thelp,prevent/stop/keep...fromdoing,lookforwardto...+doing(主語做的動作)sth.+one’sdoing(不是主語做的動作)sthIsuggestspendingoursummervacationinaseasidetown.Youmustgiveupsmoking,foritdoestoomuchharmtoyourhealth.非謂語動詞用法②it作形式賓語，動名詞作真正的賓語的句型結(jié)構(gòu)think/feel/find/make/consider/regard...+it(形式賓語)+good/nogood/nouse(=useless)/awasteof/senseless/fun...+doing...Theprofessorconsiders

it

nogood

readingwithoutunderstanding.③下列動詞(短語)既可以接動名詞(doing)作賓語，又可接動詞不定式(todo)作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別非謂語動詞用法meantodosth.

打算做某事；

meandoingsth.

意味著做某事forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事(未做)；forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事(已做)remembertodosth.記得去做某事(未做);

rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事(已做)regrettodosth.對要做的事感到遺憾(未做)；

regretdoingsth.對做過的事感到后悔(已做)trytodosth.努力做某事；trydoingsth.嘗試做某事goontodosth.繼續(xù)做另一件事；

goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做原來做的事(3)作表語:表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的行為Herjobiswashingandcooking.MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.(4)作定語:動名詞可置于名詞前作定語，表示被修飾名詞的用途和功能,在意義上相當(dāng)于“名詞+for+doing”awalkingstick=astickforwalkingaswimmingpool=apoolforswimming非謂語動詞用法(1)作定語:①作定語的及物動詞的分詞形式為:doing,beingdone,done,非謂語動詞用法4）分詞（doing/done）的用法doing與被修飾的名詞(邏輯主語)之間是主動關(guān)系beingdone與被修飾的名詞(邏輯主語)之間是被動關(guān)系且該分詞動作表進(jìn)行done與被修飾的名詞之間(邏輯主語)是被動關(guān)系且該分詞動作已完成Therewasagirl__________(stand)underthetree.Thehouse_________(build)arefortheteachers.ThebrokenglassisTom’sThesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.②作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式為doing和done,doing表正在進(jìn)行，done表已經(jīng)完成boilingwater:沸騰的水；boiledwater：開水非謂語動詞用法standingbeingbuilt(2)作狀語:分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語是句子的主語。可以表示時間，原因，結(jié)果，條件，讓步，行為方式，伴隨狀況等。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，還可與while,when,once,if,unless等詞連用非謂語動詞用法doing與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系,且與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。havingdone與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系,發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前done與邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系,且與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生havingbeendone與邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系,發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.(原因)Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyworseoff.(結(jié)果)Giventherightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmaygrowintointernationalstarsonday.(條件)非謂語動詞用法特別提示:部分過去分詞源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不表被動，也不表完成，而表一種狀態(tài)。常見的有:located(坐落于);lost(迷路的);seated(坐著的),hidden(隱藏的),lost/absorbed/burriedin(沉浸于),dressedin(穿著),facedwith(面對著)Locatedinthecenterofthecity,thetowerthetowerispopularamongpeople.非謂語動詞用法1.When_______(offer)help,oneoftensays“Thankyou”or“It’skindofyou.2.____________(smoke)toomuch,hehassufferedfromlungcancer.3.Generallyspeaking,if________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.4.Heglancedather,______(note)thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.非謂語動詞用法offeredHavingsmokedtakennoting(1)感官動詞see,watch,observe,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel的賓補(bǔ)有四種形式,以see為例：see+賓語(n./pron.)+賓補(bǔ)非謂語動詞用法5）非謂語動詞作感官動詞(短語)，使役動詞的賓補(bǔ)doingsth.看見...正在做...dosth.看見...做了某事beingdone:看見...正在被做done:看見...被做賓語和賓補(bǔ)在邏輯關(guān)系上表主動賓語和賓補(bǔ)在邏輯關(guān)系上表被動Isawhim

leaveafewminutesago.I’dliketoseetheplan

carriedout.(2)使役動詞make,let,have,get,leave①make+賓語(n./pron.)+賓補(bǔ)Theteachermadesomestudents____(stay)intheclassroom.Hetriedtomakehimself_________(understand).②let+賓語(n./pron.)+賓補(bǔ)Letthework__________(finish)immediately.Don’tletyourchildren_____(play)matches.非謂語動詞用法do...:讓...做...done...:讓...被做賓語和賓補(bǔ)在邏輯關(guān)系上表主動賓語和賓補(bǔ)在邏輯關(guān)系上表被動do...:讓...做...bedone...:讓...被做stayunderstoodbefinishedplay③have+賓語(n./pron.)+賓補(bǔ)非謂語動詞用法do...:讓...做...done...:讓...被做賓語和賓補(bǔ)在邏輯關(guān)系上表主動賓語和賓補(bǔ)在邏輯關(guān)系上表被動doingsth.:使...持續(xù)做某事Hehadthecomputer_______(work)allthenight.Hehadhiswallet______(steal)onhiswayhome.workingstolen④get+賓語(n./pron.)+賓補(bǔ)todosth.:讓...

做某事doingsth.:使...持續(xù)做某事done：使...被做Hegotherbike__________(run)veryfast.I’llgetmybike________(repair)tomorrow.runningrepaired獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語，表示時間，條件，原因，伴隨狀況等，也可以作定語。(1)n./pron.(主格)

+非謂語動詞[todo(表示動作未發(fā)生);doing(與邏輯主語表主動關(guān)系);done(與邏輯主語表被動關(guān)系)]Weather__________(permit),weshallplaythematchtomorrow.Enoughtime______(give),shewillsurelydothejobbetter.Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthone_________(comeout)非謂語動詞用法6）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動詞的邏輯主語permittinggiventocomeout(2)with/without+賓語[n./pron.(賓格)]+賓補(bǔ)[adj./adv./介詞短語/非謂語動詞todo(表示動作未發(fā)生);doing(與邏輯主語表主動關(guān)系);done(與邏輯主語表被動關(guān)系)]Withthecrowds_______(cheer),theydrovetothepalace.Keeptheinjuredwithhishead____(hold)straightwhilesomeonecallsforemergency.Withalotofwork_____(do),hewasn’tallowedtogoout.非謂語動詞用法cheeringheldtodo(3)n./pron.(主格)+(being)+adj./adv.Summerholidays(being)over,studentsreturntoschool.(4)n./pron.(主格)+介詞短語Swordinhand,Ifollowedhimhereandclimbedin.(5)There/Itbeing+n./pron./adj.Itbeingfine,wecangotothebeach.非謂語動詞用法bebusy/occupied(in)doingsth.忙于做某事spendtime/money(in)doingsth.花時間或金錢做某事havedifficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in)doingsth.做某事有困難/麻煩havefun/agoodtime(in)doingsth.做某事很開心thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.做某事是無意義的havenochoice/alternativebuttodosth非謂語動詞用法7）非謂語動詞的一些常用結(jié)構(gòu)can’tchoosebutdocandonothingbutdocan’thelpbutdohavenothingtodobutdomightaswelldo:

倒不如做某事，不妨做某事hadbetterdo:最好做某事on(one’s)doing:一...就...非謂語動詞用法generallyspeaking;franklyspeaking;judgingby/from;supposing...非謂語動詞用法8）有些分詞短語可以獨(dú)立存在，在句中沒有邏輯主語，作為習(xí)慣用語:

tobehonest,tobesure,totellyouthetruth,tobefrank,tomakematters/thingsworse...非謂語動詞用法9）有些固定短語是帶to的不定式，表明說話人的立場或態(tài)度，

在句中作獨(dú)立成分。1.(2025年新課標(biāo)1卷)Wehope58.________(present)theratherabstractGogame...解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們希望呈現(xiàn)出更加抽象的圍棋比賽...根據(jù)句意和hope可知，考查hopetodo“希望做某事”,todo不定式作hope的賓語，故填topresent.真題再現(xiàn)topresent2.(2025年新課標(biāo)2卷)Growingup,myfamilyandourneighborsneverusedclotheslinestodryclothing,denyingmethechance42.________(discover)oneofthegreatwondersofsunshine解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意：隨著慢慢長大，我的家人和鄰居們從來不使用晾衣繩晾干衣服，剝奪了我去發(fā)現(xiàn)陽光的一大奇跡的機(jī)會。根據(jù)句意和thechance可知，考查chancetodo“做某事的機(jī)會”,todo不定式作chance的后置定語，故填todiscover.真題再現(xiàn)todiscover3.(2024年新課標(biāo)1卷)Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays58.________(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意：天氣暖和的時候，這些萼片是開著的，目的是給里面的植被陽光和新鮮空氣。根據(jù)句意可知，考查todo作目的狀語,故填togive。真題再現(xiàn)togive4.(2024年北京卷)Andwhen16.________(ask)abouthisnewtitle,hesharedthesecret:moderation(適度).解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意：當(dāng)被問到關(guān)于他的新標(biāo)題時，他分享了這個秘密:適度。根據(jù)句意可知，考查過去分詞作狀語,與邏輯主語he在邏輯關(guān)系上表被動，故填asked。真題再現(xiàn)asked5.(2024年全國甲卷)Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tend