（英語）高三英語閱讀理解(社會文化)技巧(很有用)及練習(xí)題一、高中英語閱讀理解社會文化類1．閱讀理解

Vietnamaimstosolvetherelationsbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandculturalpreservation.Vietnameseculturaldepartmentsandactivistshavetriedtopreservethehistoricalandculturalrelicsinthecountry.

Vietnamnowhasmorethan40000historicalrelics.Theserelicsofvariousformsandhistoryaretreasuresforfuturegenerations.

However,hundredsofrelicsareseverelydamagedduetothenegativeinfluenceoftime,warandhumanactivities.HeadofHanoiRelicsManagementBoard,NguyenDoanTuan,saysrescueworkmustpreservetherelics'soul:"Wecannotreplaceruinedconstructionwithnewmaterials.Wemustpreserveitsshape,sizeandstyle.Weneedtopayattentiontoeverybrickreplacedsothatitlooksexactlyliketheoriginal."

Mostrelicshavetorelyontouristfeesforrepairandrescuework.DirectorofVanMieuCulturalandScienceCenterDangKimNgoc,saysthattherelicsmustbepromotedwidelytoattractmorevisitorsandbringinmoreincomeforrepairandpreservation:"Weprovideconstantguideservicesforvisitorssothattheyunderstandmoreaboutourrelics.Atthesametime,anaturalsurroundingoftherelichasbeenensured,includingthegrassfieldandgardentoimproveitsscenicvalue."

Thelocalgovernmentagreedthattherelicsmustbeturnedtothecommunityforsharedeffortsinthepreservationwork.DirectorofVietnamRevolutionMuseumDangQuocQuan,saidthatthecommunitymustbeguidedinthepreservationandprotection,"TheUNESCOaimstoletlocalcommunitytakepartinthepreservationofrelics.Wehaveseenlimitationsinthepreservationofrelics,especiallyfestival-relatedgroupsofbuildings.Thisrequiresmanagementandguidancebythegovernment."

NguyenThiMinhLyfromtheDepartmentofHeritagesaysthecommunityshouldbeguidedinproperbehaviorstowardsrelics:"Thiswillensuretheprotectionofculturalrelicsinlatergenerations.Creativerestoration(修復(fù))mustbebasedonprevious(先前的)values."

Expertshavecalledforasystematic(系統(tǒng)的)guidancebythestateinlocallevelpreservationwhilepromotingcreativethinkinginrestorationforeachrelic.（1）Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.Agovernmentsurvey.B.Aresearchpaper.C.Anewspaperreport.D.Atravelguide.（2）WhichofthefollowingisnotthereasonsforthedamagedrelicsinVietnam?A.Humanactivities.B.Poorbuildingmaterials.C.Warinfluence.D.Thepassingoftime.（3）Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs4-6thattopreserverelics,thegovernmentshould

.A.turntotheUNESCOforfinancialhelpB.improvethescenicvaluebyraisingtouristfeesC.encouragethecommunitytojoinintherescueworkD.makefulluseofthemoneyraisedbythelocalpeople（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.GuidetheCommunityinProperBehaviorsB.ReplacetheRuinedConstructionwithaNewStyleC.HundredsofRelicsinVietnamAreInRuinsD.ExpertsCallforaSystematicWaytoPreserveRelics【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了越南文化部門和活動人士一直在努力保護本國的歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)，文章說明了文物遭受破壞的原因和文物保護的現(xiàn)狀。就此專家們呼吁國家對地方一級的保護進行系統(tǒng)的指導(dǎo)，同時促進對每一件文物的創(chuàng)造性修復(fù)。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Vietnameseculturaldepartmentsandactivistshavetriedtopreservethehistoricalandculturalrelicsinthecountry.”越南文化部門和活動人士一直在努力保護本國的歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)，以及文章主要內(nèi)容為介紹專家們呼吁用一種系統(tǒng)的方法來保護文物，故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,hundredsofrelicsareseverelydamagedduetothenegativeinfluenceoftime,warandhumanactivities.”然而，由于時間、戰(zhàn)爭和人類活動的負(fù)面影響，數(shù)以百計的文物遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thelocalgovernmentagreedthattherelicsmustbeturnedtothecommunityforsharedeffortsinthepreservationwork.DirectorofVietnamRevolutionMuseumDangQuocQuan,saidthatthecommunitymustbeguidedinthepreservationandprotection,‘TheUNESCOaimstoletlocalcommunitytakepartinthepreservationofrelics...’”當(dāng)?shù)卣?，文物必須移交給社區(qū)，共同努力進行保護工作。越南革命博物館館長DangQuocQuan說，社會必須在保護和保護的指導(dǎo)下，“聯(lián)合國教科文組織的目的是讓當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣⑴c文物的保”可以推斷，為了保護文物，政府應(yīng)該鼓勵社區(qū)參與救援工作。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段“Expertshavecalledforasystematicguidancebythestateinlocallevelpreservationwhilepromotingcreativethinkinginrestorationforeachrelic.”專家們呼吁國家對地方一級的保護進行系統(tǒng)的指導(dǎo)，同時促進對每一件文物的創(chuàng)造性修復(fù)，以及結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容為越南文化部門和活動人士一直在努力保護本國的歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)可知，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

March21hasbeendeclaredWorldSleepDay,atimetorecognizeandcelebratethevalueofsleep.Manysleepexpertshopeitwillbeawake-upcall.

Accordingtoapoll(民意調(diào)查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,nearly4in5Americansdon'tgetasmuchsleepastheyshouldduringtheworkweek.Onaverage,adultsarethoughttoneedatleasteighthoursofsleepanight,althoughsomecanmanagewithlessandsomewon'tdowellwithoutmore.Butthesurveyfoundthat,onweekdays,only21%ofAmericansactuallygetafulleighthoursofsleep,andanother21%getlessthansixhours.

Tomanyofus,thethoughtofspendingmoretimesleepingis,well,abigyawn.Ontheotherhand,thethoughtofbeingsmarter,thinner,healthierandmorecheerfulhasacertainappeal.Andthosearejustafewoftheadvantagesthatcanbeoursifweconsistentlygetenoughsleep,researcherssay.Alsoontheplusside:We'relikelytohavebetterskin,bettermemories,betterjudgment,and,oh,yes,longerlives.

“Whenyouloseevenonehourofsleepforanyreason,itinfluencesyourperformancethenextday,”saysDr.AlonAvidan,directoroftheUCLASleepDisordersCenter.

Astudypublishedlastyearfoundthesametobetrueevenofchildren.Whenkidsaged8to12sleptforjustonehourlessforfournights,theydidn'tfunctionaswellduringtheday.

Butsleepinghasanimageproblem.“Weseenappingorsleepingaslazy,”saysJenniferVriend,aclinicalpsychologistinOttawa,Canada,andtheleadingauthorofthestudywithchildren.“Weputsomuchemphasisondiet,nutritionandexercise.Sleepisinthebackseat.Infact,”sheadds,“nomatterhowmuchweworkout,nomatterhowwellweeat,wecan'tbeintopphysicalshapeunlesswealsogetplentyofsleep.”（1）TheunderlinedpartinParagraph1means

.A.

wakingupthesleepers

B.

drawingpeople'sattentionC.

servingasamorningcall

D.

declaringthespecialday（2）FromParagraph3wecaninferthat

.A.

beinghealthierisoneoftheadvantagesforusB.

sleepinghasnothingtodowithone'sexpectationsC.

enoughsleepistheguaranteeoftheappealingthingsD.

spendingmoretimeinsleepingisawasteoftime（3）WhatJenniferVriendsaidinthelastparagraphimpliesthat

.A.

peoplecarelittleaboutsleeping

B.

sleepingisanimageproblemC.

lazypeopletendtosleeplong

D.

sleepingisonlypartofourlife（4）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.

Totalkaboutpeople'ssleepingproblems.B.

Toprovideaninvestigationresultofsleeping.C.

Tostressthefunctionofsleepingatnight.D.

Toarousetheawarenessofenoughsleep.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，充足的睡眠對我們非常重要,為了引起人們的足夠重視,3月21日被宣布為世界睡眠日。（1）考查詞義猜測。此處指,睡眠專家希望3月21日被宣布為世界睡眠日這件事會引起人們對睡眠的重視。由此可知,awake-upcall含有警鐘的意思。與B項表述的意思相近,故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ontheotherhand,thethoughtofbeingsmarter,thinner,healthierandmorecheerfulhasacertainappeal.”可知,充足的睡眠可以使我們更聰明、更苗條、更健康、更快樂等,這些都是有吸引力的事情。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Weputsomuchemphasisondiet,nutritionandexercise.Sleepisinthebackseat.”可知,人們注重飲食、營養(yǎng)和鍛煉,不很重視睡眠。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。這篇文章旨在讓人們意識到充足睡眠的重要性,呼吁人們關(guān)注睡眠問題。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

ItiscommonlybelievedthattheearliestChinesepaper-cutsappearedduringthesixthcentury.Somescholarsbelieveitwasevenearlier.LegendhasitthatduringtheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-AD24),EmperorWudiwasverysadafteroneofhisfavoriteconcubines,MadameLi,died.ATaoistpriest,LiShaoweng,cutapieceofhemppaperintheshapeofMadameLi.Wheneveningfell,theemperor'sservantslitcandlesinhisbedroom;thereflectionofthatpaper-cutonthewallmadetheemperorthinkabouthisbelovedconcubine.

TheYuxianpaper-cutisdifferentfrommostpaper-cutsproducedinotherregionsofChina.Paper-cutsfromotherregionsaremostlycutwithscissorsorknivesfromsingle-coloredpaper,suchasredorblackpaper.

TherearefourmajorprocedurestomakingtheYuxianpaper-cut:First,sketchthepatternonthedraftpaper;second,fastenthedrafttothepapertobecut;third,useaknifetocarveoutthepattern;andfourth,dye(染色)thepaper-cutwithvariouscolors.

PrecisecuttingskillsareneededtomakeapieceoftheYuxianpaper-cut,whichhighlightsthecraftmaker'sartistictasteanddyeingskills.Thatexplainsthefollowingsaying:"ThesuccessfulmakingofaYuxianpaper-cutis30percentdependentonthemaker'scuttingskills,and70percentonthemaker'sdyeingskills."

ThetraditionalYuxianpaper-cuthighlightstwothemes:flowersandcharactersinChineseoperas.Thepaper-cutisparticularlyknownforitsvividdescriptionofcharactersinvarioustraditionalChineseoperas.InOctober2009,theartofYuxian'spaper-cutwasaddedtothelistofIntangibleCulturalHeritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))establishedbyUNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization).（1）Thefirstparagraphisactuallyabout___________.A.

EmperorWudi'sfavoriteconcubine

B.

theoriginsofChinesepaper-cutsC.

theinventorofChinesepaper-cut

D.

oneofthethemesofYuxianpaper-cut（2）Whichisthemostimportantskillofmakingpaper-cut?A.

Drawingskill.

B.

Cuttingskill.

C.

Dyeingskill.

D.

Carvingskill（3）Accordingtothepassage,theYuxianpaper-cutisespeciallyfamousforits__________.A.

livelyimagesofcharactersinclassicoperas

B.

traditionalChineseoperasC.

Chineseculturalinfluenceonoperas

D.

advancedcuttingtechniques（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

TheEarliestChineseLegend

B.

TheYuxianPaper-cutSkillsC.

EmperorWudi'sSadStory

D.

ChineseYuxianPaper-cut【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了中國蔚縣剪紙。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段可知，介紹了中國剪紙的起源。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThesuccessfulmakingofaYuxianpaper-cutis30percentdependentonthemaker'scuttingskills,and70percentonthemaker'sdyeingskills.”蔚縣剪紙的成功制作30%取決于制作人的切割技巧，70%取決于制作人的染色技巧?？芍旧记蓪τ诩艏堊钪匾?。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thepaper-cutisparticularlyknownforitsvividdescriptionofcharactersinvarioustraditionalChineseoperas”剪紙以其對各種傳統(tǒng)戲曲中人物的生動描述而聞名?？芍xA。（4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，短文主要介紹了蔚縣剪紙有四個主要步驟。制作蔚縣剪紙需要精確的切割技巧，這突出了手工藝者的藝術(shù)品味和染色技巧。傳統(tǒng)蔚縣剪紙突出了兩個主題:中國戲曲中的花和人物。這些都是圍繞著“中國蔚縣剪紙”這個主題展開的。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，段落大意和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

TheRugby(英式橄欖球)WorldCupiscurrentlybeingheldinNewZealand.Thetournament,duetofinishonOctober23,islivinguptothefamousEnglishsaying,“Rugbyisathug's(暴徒)gameplayedgentlemen.”

Thegamesarephysicallyaggressive;thetackles(沖撞)onthepitcharebrutal;buttheendofeachmatchisacivilizedaffair.Playersshakehandsandapplaudeachother.Ofcourse,theothersidetothissayingis:"Footballisagentleman'sgameplayedbythugs."Indeed,unlikesoccerplayers,rugbyplayersdon'toftenquestionthereferee's(裁判員)decisionsorpretendtobeinjuredwhentheyarenot.

“Footballcouldlearnalotfromrugby,"saidBrianMoore,aformerEnglandrugbyplayer"Thewonderfulspiritofrugbyis:thereisagentlemanlycodetoit.Youplayhardonthepitch,butyoualwaysrespectyouropponent..

RugbyismainlyplayedinEurope.Australia,NewZealandandpartsofAfrica."Itismoreenjoyabletoplaythansoccerbecauseyouarealwaysinvolvedinthegame,"saidPeter,aWelshrugbycoach."Rugbyisalsoafarsuperiortestofstrength,stamina(耐力)anddetermination."

Mostprofessionalrugbyplayersarelarge,strongandweighover90kilograms.Peoplewhoplaythesportneedtobetoughandbepreparedtogethurt.Blackeyes,brokenbones,lostteethandbeingknockedunconscious—allthesearecommoninjuries.FormerBritishPrimeMinisterGordonBrownisblindinoneeyethankstoarugbyaccidentatschool.

InEngland,childrenbeginplayingthegameatschoolattheageof8.Whentheyenterhighschool,manybegintoplayfullcontactrugby.ChildrenaretaughttoplayforaroundonehouraweekduringtheirPElessons.Mostschoolshavearugbyteam.Childrenwhoplayfortheschoolteamareusuallythesportiestkids,andareseenasbraveandathletic.（1）Whatcanbeconcludedfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.

Footballplayersarenotrealgentlemen.B.

Thereisabetterspiritinplayingrugbythanfootball.C.

Footballplayersarenotasathleticasrugbyplayers.D.

BrianMoorethinksthatrulesshouldbestricterinfootball.（2）Accordingtothepassage,Peterthinks______.A.

rugbyplayerspretendtobeinjuredwhentheyarenotB.

rugbyisnotverypopularinAmericaandAsiaC.

rugbymakespeopleenjoysportsbetterthansoccerD.

rugbyneedsplayers'strongwillratherthanstrength（3）TheexampleofGordonBrownismentionedinorderto

.A.

provethatplayingrugbycanearnpeoplefameB.

explainwhyGordonBrownisblindinoneeyeC.

supportthepointthatrugbyplayersoftengethurtD.

warnteenagersagainstplayingrugbyatschool（4）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.

Teenagerswillloseinterestinfootball.

B.

Englishchildrenhaveatalentforrugby.C.

Playingrugbydoesn'tinvolveskills.

D.

Rugbyisnotsuitableforeveryone.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了英式橄欖球，并且將它與足球進行了對比。英式橄欖球是暴徒們的紳士運動，玩這項運動的人身體一定要強壯才行呢。（1）歸納總結(jié)題。前三段都在介紹英式橄欖球并且將其與足球比較，人們認(rèn)為橄欖球是暴徒們的紳士運動，而足球是紳士的暴徒運動。并且說足球應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)橄欖球。故選B（2）細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段第二句"Itismoreenjoyabletoplaythansoccerbecauseyouarealwaysinvolvedinthegame玩英式橄欖球比完足球更有趣，因為你總是被卷入游戲之中的。故選C（3）細(xì)節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第二段最后一句FormerBritishPrimeMinisterGordonBrownisblindinoneeyethankstoarugbyaccidentatschool.前英國首相戈登布朗在學(xué)校的一場橄欖球賽中瞎了一只眼睛。所以是來支持橄欖球運動會使人受傷。故選C（4）細(xì)節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第二段第二句Peoplewhoplaythesportneedtobetoughandbepreparedtogethurt.玩這項運動的人們要強壯并且要做好受傷的準(zhǔn)備。從這里可以得出橄欖球這項運動不適合所有人，故選D5．閱讀理解

It'snotanewphenomenon,buthaveyounoticedhowmanynounsarebeingusedasverbs?Weallusethem,oftenwithoutnoticingwhatwe'redoing.

Iwasarrangingtomeetsomeonefordinnerlastweek,andIsaid"I'llpencilitinmydiary",andmyfriendsaid"Youcaninkitin",meaningthatitwasafirmarrangementnotatentativeone!

Manyofthesenewverbsarelinkedtonewtechnology.Anobviousexampleisthewordfax.Weallgotusedtosendingandreceivingfaxes,andthensoonstartedtalkingaboutfaxingsomethingandpromisingwe'dfaxitimmediately.Thenalongcameemail,andweweresoonallemailingeachothermadly.Howdidwedowithoutit?Icanhardlyimaginelifewithoutmydailyemails.

Emailremindsme,ofcourse,ofmycomputeranditssoftware,whichhasproducedanothercoupleofnewverbs.OnmycomputerIcanbookmarkthosepagesfromtheWorldWideWebthatIthinkI'llwanttolookatagain,thussavingalltheeffortofrememberingtheiraddressesandcallingthemupfromscratch.IcandothesamethingonmyPC,butthereIdon'tbookmark;Ifavorite—comingfrom"favoritepages",sotheverbcomesfromanadjectivenotanoun.

Nowmychildrenboughtmeamobilephone,knownsimplyasamobileandIhadtolearnyetmorenewverbs.Icanmessagesomeone,thatis,Icanleaveamessageforthemontheirphone.OrIcantextthem,writeafewwordssuggestingwhenandwheretomeet,forexample.HowlongwillitbebeforeIcanmobilethem,thatis,phonethemusingmymobile?Ihaven'theardthatverbyet,butI'msureIwillsoon.PerhapsI'llstartusingitmyself!（1）"I'llpencilitinmydiary"inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans

.A.itwasafirmarrangementB.heprefersapenciltoapenC.thearrangementshouldbewrittenasadiaryD.itwasanuncertainarrangement（2）Awebsiteaddresscanbeeasilyfoundifithasbeen______.A.favoritedB.messagedC.emailedD.texted（3）Whichofthefollowinghasnotbeenusedasaverbyet?A.messageB.mobileC.emailD.page（4）Thebesttitleforthispassageis____.A.TechnologyandLanguage.B.DevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguageC.NewTechnologyandNewwordsD.NewVerbsfromNouns【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過多個例子告訴我們很多名詞都已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換成了動詞。說明詞匯是并不斷的在變化。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“meaningthatitwasafirmarrangementnotatentativeone!”用鉛筆寫意為著不是最終的決定，只是臨時的決定，故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ifavorite—comingfrom‘favoritepages’,sotheverbisderivedfromanadjectivenotanoun.”我把這些網(wǎng)站設(shè)置成我最喜歡的網(wǎng)站，通過這種方法可以讓我很快就找到這些網(wǎng)站。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“andweweresoonallemailingeachothermadly.”；第四段中的“Ifavorite—comingfrom‘favoritepages’,sotheverbisderivedfromanadjectivenotanoun.”；以及最后一段中的“Icanmessagesomeone”,說明ACD都可以作為動詞，只有B項文章沒有提及可以作為動詞，故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。本文通過多個例子告訴我們很多名詞都已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換成了動詞，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

"Ouraimistotakeourarttotheworldandmakepeopleunderstandwhatitistomove,"saidDavidBelle,thefounderofparkour.

Doyouloverunning?Itisagoodexercise,yetmanypeoplefinditboring.Butwhatifmakingyourmorningjogacreativeone?Likejumpingfromwallsandovergaps,andgroundrolls?JustlikeJamesBondinthemovieCasinoRoyale?Bondjumpsdownfromarooftoawindowsillandthenrunsseveralblocksoverobstaclesontheway.ItisjustbecauseofBond'swonderfulperformancesthatthesporthasbecomepopularworldwide.

Yes,that'sparkour,anextremestreetsportaimedatmovingfromonepointtoanotherasquicklyaspossible,gettingoverallthebarriersinthepathusingonlytheabilitiesofthehumanbody.Parkourisconsideredanextremesport.Asitsparticipantsdasharoundacity,theymayjumpoverfences,runupwallsandevenmovefromrooftoptorooftop.

Parkourcanbejustasexcitingandcharmingasitsounds,butitsparticipantsseeparkourmuchmorethanthat.

Overcomingalltheobstaclesonthecourseandinlifeispartofthephilosophybehindparkour.Thisisthesameaslife.Youmustdetermineyourdestination,gostraight,jumpoverallthebarriersasifinparkourandneverfallbackinyourlife,toreachthedestinationsuccessfully.Aparkourloversaid,"Iloveparkourbecauseitsphilosophyhasbecomemylife,mywaytodoeverything."

Anotherphilosophywe'velearntfromparkourisfreedom.Itcanbedonebyanyone,atanytime,anywhereintheworld.Itisakindofexpressionoftrustinyourself.（1）Parkourhasbecomepopularthroughouttheworldbecauseof

.A.itsfounder,DavidBelleB.thevarietiesofparticipantsC.itsrisksandtricksD.thefilm,CasinoRoyale（2）Theunderlinedword"obstacles"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto"

".A.streetsB.objectsC.roofsD.barriers（3）Whichofthefollowingisthephilosophyofparkour?A.Sportsandextremes.B.Determinationandfreedom.C.Dreamsandsuccess.D.Excitementandpopularity.（4）Whichofthefollowingistrueofparkour?A.Itisateamsport.B.Itisagoodbutboringsport.C.Itneedsspecialtraining.D.Itchallengeshumanabilities.【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了跑酷運動的起源、特點和此運動蘊含的哲理。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的‘’JustlikeJamesBondinthemovieCasinoRoyale?Bondjumpsdownfromarooftoawindowsillandthenrunsseveralblocksoverobstaclesontheway.ItisjustbecauseofBond'swonderfulperformancesthatthesporthasbecomepopularworldwide.”可知因為JamesBond在電影CasinoRoyale中的精彩跑酷表演使得這項運動在全世界流行，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“that'sparkour,anextremestreetsportaimedatmovingfromonepointtoanotherasquicklyaspossible,gettingoverallthebarriersinthepathusingonlytheabilitiesofthehumanbody.”可知跑酷的目的是盡可能快地從一個地方移動到另一個地方，利用人體的能力越過道路上的所有障礙。畫線部分overobstaclesontheway.與gettingoverallthebarriersinthepath意思一致，指跨越路上的障礙。obstacles與barriers同義，故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Overcomingalltheobstaclesonthecourseandinlifeispartofthephilosophybehindparkour.Thisisthesameaslife.Youmustdetermineyourdestination,gostraight,jumpoverallthebarriers”可知跑酷蘊含的哲理是決心；第六段中的“Anotherphilosophywe'velearntfromparkourisfreedom.”可知蘊含的另一個哲理是自由。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Parkourisconsideredanextremesport.”；第四段中的“Parkourcanbejustasexcitingandcharmingasitsounds.”可知跑酷是極限運動，像聽起來那樣刺激和迷人。因此它挑戰(zhàn)人類的能力。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Climatechangeisperhapsthekeyissueofourtime.Often,however,itispresentedtousasbeingsoabstractthatitseemsimpossiblydistant.Forthoseofyoulookingforsomethingalittlemoreconcrete,anewreportsuggeststhattheeffectsofclimatechangemaysignificantlyaffectcoffee.

Thereport,putoutbyTheClimateInstitute,describestheeffectsofclimatechangeonvariouscoffee-growingnationsandtheresultanteffectsontheplantsandthosewhogrowthem.

CoffeeArabicaplants,whichproduce70%ofallcommercialcoffee,canbeadverselyaffectedbyevenahalf-degreechangeintypicalweatherconditions.Thissensitivitytotemperatureputstheplantatincreasedriskoftheeffectsofclimatechange.

InCentralAmericatheaveragetemperaturehasrisenbyafulldegreeCelsiussince1960.InEthiopiatheaveragetemperaturehasincreasedby1.3degrees.Thisincreaseisenoughtohavenotableeffectsontheplants.InTanzaniatheproductivityperhectareofcoffeehasfallenbyhalfsincethe1960sduetochangesintemperature.

Indeed,studiesclaimthatby2050theareaoftheworldsuitableforgrowingcoffeewillbecutbyhalf.Coffeeproductionislikelytothenbepushedtohigherelevations(海拔)totakeadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.

Coffeeisthesecondmosttradedgoodsbydevelopingnations,andtheinabilityofproducernationstoexportitcouldcausedramaticchainreactionsintheireconomies.Millionsofpeoplemakealivingintheproduction,processing,transport,andsaleofcoffee;theirlivelihoodswouldstandtotakeablowasgrowingareasdecreaseandpricesrise.

Asthetemperaturekeepsrising,yourcupofcoffeewillbecomemuchmoreexpensive,anditmayalsocarryanaftertastebittererthanusual,forallthoseworkersinthecoffeebeltleftwithoutthemeanstomakealivingasconditionsworsen.Notonlythat,buttheeconomiceffectswillcosttheWestmillionsinincreasedforeignaid.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"adversely"inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.

slightly

B.

temporarily

C.

harmfully

D.

gradually（2）Whywillpeoplehavetogrowcoffeeinhighlandareas?A.

Toadapttothechangeoftemperature.

B.

Toincreasethequalityoftheproducts.C.

Toreducethecostofcoffeeproduction

D.

Togetaccesstowatersupplymoreeasily.（3）Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.

Therichwillgetricherandthepoorpoorer.B.

Smallchangesmayhavelargeeffectsingeneral.C.

Developedcountriesoughttoaidpoorcountries.D.

Coffeetradewilleventuallydisappearintheworld.（4）Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureofcoffeeproduction?A.

Cautious.

B.

Worried.

C.

Unconcerned.

D.

Hopeful.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一份新的報告表明，氣候變化的影響可能會顯著影響咖啡。到2050年，世界上適合種植咖啡的面積將減少一半?？Х犬a(chǎn)業(yè)的變化會對社會造成很多影響。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thissensitivitytotemperatureputstheplantatincreasedriskoftheeffectsofclimatechange.”這種對溫度的敏感性增加了植物受到氣候變化影響的風(fēng)險。由此推斷出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的產(chǎn)量占所有商業(yè)咖啡的70%，在典型的天氣條件下，即使氣溫只上升了半度，也會對其產(chǎn)生不利影響。"adversely"意思是有害的，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Coffeeproductionislikelytothenbepushedtohigherelevationstotakeadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.”咖啡生產(chǎn)很可能會被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的溫度，但這將不足以彌補失去的低地地區(qū)。由此推斷出，人們要在高地地區(qū)種植咖啡是為了適應(yīng)溫度的變化，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Coffeeisthesecondmosttradedgoodsbydevelopingnations,andtheinabilityofproducernationstoexportitcouldcausedramaticchainreactionsintheireconomies.”咖啡是發(fā)展中國家的第二大貿(mào)易商品，而生產(chǎn)國無法出口咖啡，可能會在其經(jīng)濟中引發(fā)巨大的連鎖反應(yīng))和最后一段中的“Notonlythat,buttheeconomiceffectswillcosttheWestmillionsinincreasedforeignaid.”不僅如此，其經(jīng)濟影響還將使西方國家在增加對外援助方面損失數(shù)百萬美元。由此推斷出，這些小的變化也可能產(chǎn)生大的影響，故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“anewreportsuggeststhattheeffectsofclimatechangemaysignificantlyaffectcoffee.”一份新的報告表明，氣候變化的影響可能會顯著影響咖啡。和第五段中的“Indeed,studiesclaimthatby2050theareaoftheworldsuitableforgrowingcoffeewillbecutbyhalf.”事實上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上適合種植咖啡的面積將減少一半。由此推斷出，作者對咖啡生產(chǎn)的未來很擔(dān)憂，故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇社會類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

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