初中英語動詞被動語態(tài)練習(xí)冊引言親愛的同學(xué)們，動詞的被動語態(tài)是初中英語學(xué)習(xí)中的一個重要語法點，也是我們在日常閱讀和書面表達(dá)中頻繁接觸和使用的語言形式。掌握被動語態(tài)，不僅能夠幫助我們更準(zhǔn)確地理解他人的意思，也能讓我們的表達(dá)更加靈活多樣，增強語言的表現(xiàn)力。本練習(xí)冊旨在通過系統(tǒng)的講解和豐富的練習(xí)，幫助大家全面理解和熟練運用被動語態(tài)的各種形式和用法。請大家認(rèn)真閱讀每一部分的講解，仔細(xì)完成配套練習(xí)，相信通過不懈的努力，你們一定能夠攻克被動語態(tài)這個難關(guān)。一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的核心在于強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不是動作的執(zhí)行者。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動詞+及物動詞的過去分詞(p.p.)。1.不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化主要體現(xiàn)在be動詞的形式變化上。初中階段我們需要重點掌握以下幾種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：*一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+過去分詞*例句：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(很多人說英語。)*Thisbookiswrittenbyafamouswriter.(這本書是一位著名作家寫的。)*一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞*例句：Theletterwaswrittenyesterday.(這封信是昨天寫的。)*Theywereinvitedtothepartylastweek.(他們上周被邀請參加派對了。)*一般將來時：willbe+過去分詞/am/is/aregoingtobe+過去分詞*例句：Anewhospitalwillbebuiltnextyear.(明年將建一座新醫(yī)院。)*Theproblemisgoingtobediscussedtomorrow.(這個問題明天將要被討論。)*現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are+being+過去分詞*例句：Thebridgeisbeingrepairednow.(這座橋現(xiàn)在正在被修理。)*Mybikeisbeingcleanedbymybrother.(我的自行車正在被我弟弟清洗。)*過去進行時：was/were+being+過去分詞*例句：TheroomwasbeingpaintedwhenIarrived.(我到達(dá)時，房間正在被粉刷。)*Thechildrenwerebeingtakencareofbytheiraunt.(孩子們當(dāng)時正由他們的阿姨照顧著。)*現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has+been+過去分詞*例句：Thisworkhasbeenfinishedalready.(這項工作已經(jīng)被完成了。)*Manytreeshavebeenplantedinourschoolsincelastyear.(自從去年以來，我們學(xué)校已經(jīng)種了很多樹。)2.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成情態(tài)動詞(can,may,must,should,need等)+be+過去分詞*例句：Thismistakemustbecorrectedatonce.(這個錯誤必須立即被糾正。)*Theroomshouldbekeptclean.(房間應(yīng)該保持干凈。)*Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.(你的作業(yè)可以明天交。)二、被動語態(tài)的用法1.不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時。*例句：RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.(中國南方種植水稻。)(不必說出“誰”種植)*Mybikehasbeenstolen.(我的自行車被偷了。)(不知道“誰”偷的)2.需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時。*例句：TheGreatWallisvisitedbymillionsofpeopleeveryyear.(長城每年被數(shù)百萬人參觀。)(強調(diào)“長城”這個承受者)*ThisnovelwaswrittenbyLuXun.(這部小說是魯迅寫的。)(強調(diào)“這部小說”這個承受者)3.動作的執(zhí)行者不是人，而是無生命的事物時。*例句：Theroomisheatedbyelectricity.(這個房間用電取暖。)*Manyaccidentsarecausedbycarelessdriving.(很多事故是由粗心駕駛引起的。)4.在某些固定句型中。*例句：Itissaidthatheisveryrich.(據(jù)說他很有錢。)*Itisreportedthattheaccidenthappenedatmidnight.(據(jù)報道事故發(fā)生在午夜。)三、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本步驟1.找出主動句的賓語，將其作為被動句的主語。(如果主動句的賓語是代詞，要將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?2.確定被動句的謂語動詞：即“be動詞+原主動句謂語動詞的過去分詞”。(be動詞的時態(tài)和數(shù)要與新主語保持一致)3.將主動句的主語變?yōu)閎y的賓語，置于被動句謂語動詞之后。(如果不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者，by短語可以省略)4.主動句中的其他成分（如狀語等）保留在被動句中適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?例句：*主動：Theybuiltthishousein1990.(主語：They,謂語：built,賓語：thishouse)*被動：Thishousewasbuilt(bythem)in1990.(新主語：Thishouse,謂語：wasbuilt,by短語：bythem)四、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)1.含有雙賓語的主動句變被動語態(tài)主動句中若有間接賓語和直接賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，通常將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個賓語保留不動。*以直接賓語作主語：*主動：Shegavemeabook.(間接賓語：me,直接賓語：abook)*被動：Abookwasgiventome(byher).*以間接賓語作主語：*被動：Iwasgivenabook(byher).2.含有復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓語補足語）的主動句變被動語態(tài)主動句中若有賓語補足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓語補足語相應(yīng)地變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語。*例句：*主動：WecallhimTom.(賓語：him,賓語補足語：Tom)*被動：HeiscalledTom(byus).*主動：Theysawherentertheroom.(賓語：her,賓語補足語：entertheroom)*被動：Shewasseentoentertheroom(bythem).(注意：主動句中see,hear,watch,make,let等感官動詞或使役動詞后接不帶to的不定式作賓補，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不定式符號to要還原。)五、綜合練習(xí)練習(xí)一：將下列主動句改為被動句1.PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.2.MymotherwashesclotheseverySunday.3.Theworkersbuiltanewbridgelastyear.4.Wewillholdasportsmeetingnextmonth.5.Heisrepairinghisbikenow.6.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkbeforedinner.7.Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthepark.8.Isawhimgointotheclassroom.練習(xí)二：用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子成為被動語態(tài)1.Thissong_______(like)bymanyyoungpeople.2.Theletter_______(write)yesterdayafternoon.3.Anewschool_______(build)herenextyear.4.Theproblem_______(discuss)now.5.Thelostchild_______(find)already.6.Vegetables_______(should,wash)beforecooking.7.Thebook_______(can,nottake)outofthelibrary.8.It_______(say)thathehasgoneabroad.練習(xí)三：單項選擇1.Manytallbuildings_______inourcitylastyear.A.arebuiltB.werebuiltC.builtD.willbebuilt2.English_______inmanycountries.A.speaksB.isspokenC.spokeD.wasspoken3.Themeeting_______at3o'clocktomorrowafternoon.A.willholdB.willbeheldC.isheldD.holds4.Myhomework_______yet.A.hasn'tfinishedB.haven'tbeenfinishedC.hasn'tbeenfinishedD.didn'tfinish5.Theboy_______togetupearlyeverymorning.A.istoldB.tellsC.toldD.wastold6.Theclassroom_______now.A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleanedC.cleansD.cleaned7.Thisbook_______byLuXun.A.writesB.wroteC.iswrittenD.waswritten8.You_______tothepartyifyoudon'thaveaninvitation.A.won'tinviteB.aren'tinvitedC.won'tbeinvitedD.didn'tinvite練習(xí)四：根據(jù)中文提示，完成下列被動語態(tài)句子1.這些花每天都需要澆水。Theseflowers______________everyday.2.這個故事是我爺爺講給我的。Thisstory_____________________mebymygrandfather.3.運動會將在下周三舉行。Thesportsmeeting_____________________nextWednesday.4.我的自行車正在那家商店里修理。Mybike_____________________inthatshopnow.5.據(jù)說他是一位著名的科學(xué)家。It______________thatheisafamousscientist.六、參考答案與解析練習(xí)一：將下列主動句改為被動句(參考答案)1.Englishisspokenallovertheworld(bypeople).2.ClothesarewashedbymymothereverySunday.3.Anewbridgewasbuiltbytheworkerslastyear.4.Asportsmeetingwillbeheld(byus)nextmonth.5.Hisbikeisbeingrepaired(byhim)now.6.Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedbeforedinner(byyou).7.Manytreeshavebeenplanted(bythem)inthepark.8.Hewasseentogointotheclassroom(byme).練習(xí)二：用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(參考答案)1.isliked2.waswritten3.willbebuilt/isgoingtobebuilt4.isbeingdiscussed5.hasbeenfound6.shouldbewashed7.cannotbetaken/can'tbetaken8.issaid練習(xí)三：單項選擇(參考答案)1.B(lastyear提示用一般過去時的被動語態(tài))2.B(陳述客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))3.B(tomorrowafternoon提示用一般將來時的被動語態(tài))4.C(yet提示用現(xiàn)在完成時，homework是被完成，用被動語態(tài))5.A(everymorning