灌南縣第二中學(xué)高二英語(yǔ)“5+1”課堂導(dǎo)學(xué)案班級(jí)：__________姓名：______________課題：選必二Unit1Grammar學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：understandtheusageofthepastperfecttense;2.identifytheverbformofthepastperfecttense;3.usetherightformsofthepastperfecttensetocorrectthemistakesandpleteanarticle;一、預(yù)習(xí)案（課前）分析下列句子的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則Bytheendoflastyearhehadrunoutofallthemoneyinheritedfromhisfather.JohnandJanehadknowneachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday，butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.IhadmeanttotellMikethegoodnews，butfoundthathewasn’tathome.Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhebegantoinvestigatethefalsenews.ItwasthesecondtimethathehadtravelledalongtheancientSilkRoad.Hebegantowriteareviewafterhe(had)watchedthefilmtwice.Thetrain(had)startedbeforeIreachedthestation.二、探究案（課堂）一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去（pastinthepast）”|||>那時(shí)以前那時(shí)現(xiàn)在構(gòu)成：過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中had通用于各種人稱。Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Shehadfinishedwritingthepositionby10：00thismorning.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)肯定式：______________________否定式：_____________________________疑問(wèn)式：__________________________被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：____________________________①Tomhishomeworkby8o’clocklastnight.②Tomhishomeworkby8o’clocklastnight.③Tomhishomeworkby8o’clocklastnight?④Hishomeworkby8o’clocklastnight.三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本用法1.過(guò)去完成時(shí)用來(lái)描述過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前或動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，如：Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.JimsaidthathehadlearnedsomeChinesebefore.2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook. (發(fā)生在之前)3.過(guò)去完成時(shí)有時(shí)用來(lái)表示沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，主要用于want,hope,intend等詞。如：Ihadwantedtohelpyou,butIwastoobusythen.Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseeme.4.在by,bytheend,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句。e.g.e.g.Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用于以下固定句型second....../Thatwasthefirst(second...)time+that...(過(guò)去完成時(shí))Itwasthesecondtimethathehadseenhisgrandfather.Itwasthethirdtimethatshehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.3.Itwas+一段時(shí)間+since從句(過(guò)去完成時(shí))Itwas3yearssincewehadleftChina.4.hardly…when；nosooner…than“一……就……”Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.5.wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句在表過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)用haddone。Howhewishesthathehadpassedtheexamlastterm.五、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為”have(has)+過(guò)去分詞”；過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。試比較：到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。I1000Englishwordssofar.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。I1000Englishwordstillthen.—I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.—Oh,notatall.Ihereonlyafewminutes.沒(méi)什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）—Johnhomeyesterday.約翰昨天回到家的?！猈herehe?他去哪兒了？（使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)是指約翰在returnedhome之前去了哪些地方，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”）六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同：過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較：他們昨天十點(diǎn)前就到車站了。 Theyatthestationbytenyesterday.他們昨天十點(diǎn)到了車站。 Theyatthestationattenyesterday.2.在沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷：先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamily（please）withher,too.She(win)thefirstinthepositionpetition.3.當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用and或but連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)；另外，在before,after,assoonas引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：他進(jìn)入房間，打開(kāi)燈，看晚報(bào)。Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.我離開(kāi)辦公室前給她打了電話。IherbeforeIlefttheoffice.三、課內(nèi)練習(xí)Ⅰ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Byabout6,000BC,people__________________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.(2020·浙江)There,henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalso_____________(bee)anacplishedpublicspeaker.(2020·江蘇高考改編)Tooursurprise,theconcertpreparedbythestudentsturnedoutmoresuccessfulthanwe_________________(think)．It’ssaidthatnotgettingenoughsleep______________(lead)topoorjudgment,lackofcreativity,andevendepression.ThemomentIgothome,IfoundI_____________(leave)myjacketontheplayground.Thetwins,who_____________(finish)theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonintheyard.InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasI_______________(expect),heexaminedthepreviousworkagain.However,thankstotheinternationalagreement,there________________(be)muchlessillegalhuntingsince1980.Shetoldmeitwasthemostinstructivelecturethatshe_______________(attend)sinceshecametothisschool.ThatwasthefirsttimeI_________________(experience)sandstormsandIdon’teverwanttobeinoneagain.IreturnedthebookthatI________________(borrow)fromthelibrary.Theboywasremindedthathishomework_________________(nothand)in.Itwasthethirdtimethathe_____________(organize)suchameaningfulactivity.Itisthefirsttimethattheyoungjournalist__________________(cover)astory.Hewasworryingabouttheinjuredwhentheambulance___________(e)tothespot.Hedidn’tknowwhat_______________(e)aboutbeforehecameback.四、歸納總結(jié)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建為了豐富我們的學(xué)校生活，上個(gè)月我們學(xué)校舉行了一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。____________________________________________________________________________他一到美國(guó)就發(fā)現(xiàn)很難適應(yīng)哪里的生活。_____________________________________________________________________________放學(xué)后當(dāng)其他同學(xué)玩耍時(shí)，我們正在操場(chǎng)上努力練習(xí)跑步。_____________________________________________________________________________我們所有人都堅(jiān)持完成了比賽，并獲得了第一名。_____________________________________________________________________________他說(shuō)這是第一次他獲得第一名。_______________________________________________________________________________我們非常高興，因?yàn)槲覀冎皬奈慈〉眠^(guò)這么好的成績(jī)。_______________________________________________________________________________五、課后作業(yè)1.(2020江蘇,26,?)InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasI

(expect),heexaminedthepreviousworkagain.2.(2020浙江,完形填空,?)ThiswassounexpectedbecauseI

(put)thehandbrakeonwhenIjumpedout.3.(2020浙江,語(yǔ)法填空,?)Byabout6000BC,people

(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.4.(2020天津,閱讀理解D改編,?)Wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,ifwe

(miss)thechance.5.(2020天津,書(shū)面表達(dá),?)Duringtheingofageceremony,theheadmastercongratulatedusonsteppingintotheadult,reviewingthegrowthperiodthatwe