2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解長難句語法突破技巧試卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷directions:Readeachofthefollowingpassagescarefullyandselectthebestanswer(A,B,C,orD)foreachofthequestionsthatfollow.Markyouranswerontheanswersheetprovidedbyfillinginthecorrespondingcircle.Passage1Thehumanbrainisaremarkableorgan,capableoflearning,reasoning,andadaptingtonewsituations.However,itisalsosusceptibletodamagefromavarietyofsources,includingphysicalinjury,disease,andenvironmentaltoxins.Oneofthemostinsidiousformsofbraindamageiscausedbyabuildupofamyloidplaques,whichareclumpsofaproteincalledamyloid-beta.TheseplaquesareknowntobeahallmarkofAlzheimer'sdisease,aprogressiveneurologicaldisorderthatgraduallydestroysmemoryandthinkingskills.Recentresearchhassuggestedthatamyloidplaquesmayalsoplayaroleinotherneurologicaldisorders,suchasParkinson'sdiseaseandHuntington'sdisease.Foryears,scientistshavestruggledtodevelopeffectivetreatmentsforAlzheimer'sdisease.Oneapproachhasbeentotrytopreventtheformationofamyloidplaques.Researchershavetestedvariousdrugsthattargettheproductionorbreakdownofamyloid-beta,butthesedrugshavehadlimitedsuccess.Anotherapproachhasbeentotrytoclearexistingamyloidplaquesfromthebrain.Thishasproventobeevenmoredifficult,astheplaquesareoftenembeddeddeepwithinthebraintissueandareresistanttoremoval.AnewapproachtotreatingAlzheimer'sdiseaseisbeingexploredbyateamofscientistsataleadingresearchinstitution.Thisapproachinvolvesusingatypeofgenetherapytodeliveragenethatencodesanenzymecalledneprilysin.Neprilysinisknowntobreakdownamyloid-beta,andpreviousstudieshaveshownthatitcanhelptopreventtheformationofamyloidplaquesinmousemodelsofAlzheimer'sdisease.Thescientistshopethatthisgenetherapywillbeabletoslowtheprogressionofthediseaseinhumans.1.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthecausesofbraindamage?3.WhathasbeenthedifficultyindevelopingtreatmentsforAlzheimer'sdisease?4.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?5.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofAlzheimer'sdiseaseresearch?Passage2Theriseofsocialmediahashadaprofoundimpactonhowpeoplecommunicateandinteractwithoneanother.Whilesocialmediahasmadeiteasierthanevertostayconnectedwithfriendsandfamily,ithasalsocreatednewchallengesforsociety.Oneofthebiggestchallengesisthespreadofmisinformation.Falseinformationcanspreadrapidlyonsocialmediaplatforms,oftenreachingmillionsofpeopleinamatterofhours.Thiscanhaveseriousconsequences,asmisinformationcaninfluencepublicopinion,affectelections,andeveninciteviolence.Anotherchallengeposedbysocialmediaistheissueofcyberbullying.Theanonymityprovidedbysocialmediacanmakeiteasierforpeopletoengageinbullyingbehavior.Cyberbullyingcanhavedevastatingeffectsonitsvictims,leadingtoanxiety,depression,andinextremecases,suicide.Additionally,socialmediahasbeenlinkedtoadeclineinface-to-facecommunicationskills.Aspeoplespendmoretimeinteractingwithothersonline,theymayspendlesstimedevelopingtheskillsneededformeaningfulofflinerelationships.Despitethesechallenges,socialmediaalsohasthepotentialtobeaforceforgoodintheworld.Socialmediaplatformscanbeusedtoraiseawarenessaboutimportantissues,mobilizepeopleforsocialchange,andconnectpeoplewhosharecommoninterests.Thekeytoharnessingthepositivepotentialofsocialmediawhilemitigatingitsnegativeeffectsistopromotedigitalliteracyandcriticalthinkingskills.Byteachingpeoplehowtoidentifyfalseinformationandhowtointeractwithothersonlineinarespectfulandresponsibleway,wecancreateahealthieronlineenvironmentforeveryone.6.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?7.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthenegativeeffectsofsocialmedia?8.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisthesolutiontothechallengesposedbysocialmedia?9.Whatisthefunctionofsocialmediaaccordingtotheauthor?10.Whatdoesthepassageimplyaboutthefutureofsocialmedia?Passage3Theconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsastheworldgrappleswiththeconsequencesofclimatechangeandenvironmentaldegradation.Sustainabilityreferstotheabilitytomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisconceptencompassesawiderangeofissues,includingrenewableenergy,sustainableagriculture,andconservation.Oneofthemostpromisingareasofsustainabledevelopmentisrenewableenergy.Renewableenergysources,suchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower,areinexhaustibleandproducelittleornopollution.Asthecostofrenewableenergytechnologiescontinuestodecline,theyarebecomingincreasinglycompetitivewithtraditionalfossilfuels.Governmentsaroundtheworldareimplementingpoliciestopromotethedevelopmentanduseofrenewableenergy,recognizingitspotentialtoreducegreenhousegasemissionsandcombatclimatechange.Sustainableagricultureisanotherkeyareaoffocus.Traditionalagriculturalpracticescanhaveasignificantimpactontheenvironment,includingdeforestation,soilerosion,andwaterpollution.Sustainableagricultureaimstominimizetheseimpactsbyusingpracticessuchascroprotation,organicfarming,andintegratedpestmanagement.Thesepracticescanhelptoprotecttheenvironment,conservenaturalresources,andproducehealthyandnutritiousfood.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeexamplesofsustainableenergysources?13.Whataresomeoftheenvironmentalimpactsoftraditionalagriculturalpractices?14.Whatisthegoalofsustainableagriculture?15.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheimportanceofsustainability?Passage4Thehumanrelationshipwithnaturehasevolvedsignificantlyoverthecourseofhumanhistory.Earlyhumanswereprimarilyhunter-gathererswholivedincloseproximitytotheirenvironment.Theyreliedonthenaturalresourcesaroundthemfortheirsurvivalandweredeeplyconnectedtothenaturalworld.Ashumanpopulationsgrewandsocietiesbecamemorecomplex,ourrelationshipwithnaturebegantochange.Westartedtomanipulateandmodifyourenvironmenttomeetourneeds,oftenwithlittleregardforthelong-termconsequences.Thisshiftinourrelationshipwithnaturehashadprofoundconsequencesfortheplanet.Humanactivitiessuchasdeforestation,pollution,andoverconsumptionhavehadasignificantimpactontheenvironment,leadingtoclimatechange,biodiversityloss,andotherecologicalcrises.Thesechallengesarethreateningtheveryexistenceofhumancivilizationasweknowit.Inordertoaddressthesechallenges,weneedtofundamentallychangeourrelationshipwithnature.Weneedtomoveawayfromamodelofendlessgrowthandconsumptionandtowardsamodelofsustainabilityandstewardship.Therearemanywaystofosteramorepositiverelationshipwithnature.Wecanstartbyprotectingnaturalhabitatsandpreservingbiodiversity.Wecanalsoadoptmoresustainablelifestyles,suchasreducingourconsumption,usingrenewableenergy,andeatingaplant-baseddiet.Additionally,weneedtoeducateourselvesandothersabouttheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.Byworkingtogether,wecancreateafuturewherehumansandnaturecancoexistinharmony.16.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,whatwerethecharacteristicsofearlyhumans'relationshipwithnature?18.Whataresomeofthenegativeconsequencesofhumanactivitiesontheenvironment?19.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisthesolutiontothechallengesofhuman-naturerelationships?20.Whatistheauthor'smainmessageinthelastparagraph?試卷答案Passage11.B解析思路：文章首段引出大腦易受損傷，第二段點明阿爾茨海默病與淀粉樣蛋白斑塊的關(guān)聯(lián)，第三、四段分別介紹了預(yù)防斑塊形成和清除現(xiàn)有斑塊的困難，最后一段提出新的基因治療方法的探索。綜合來看，文章主要圍繞阿爾茨海默病及其治療方法展開，B選項（阿爾茨海默病及其潛在治療方法）最能概括主旨。2.A解析思路：根據(jù)文章第一段明確指出，“includingphysicalinjury,disease,andenvironmentaltoxins”，明確列出了三種大腦損傷的來源。3.C解析思路：文章第二段明確提到，“Oneapproachhasbeentotrytopreventtheformationofamyloidplaques...butthesedrugshavehadlimitedsuccess.Anotherapproachhasbeentotrytoclearexistingamyloidplaquesfromthebrain.Thishasproventobeevenmoredifficult...”，說明預(yù)防形成和清除現(xiàn)有斑塊都困難，尤其是清除更難。4.D解析思路：最后一段的核心內(nèi)容是介紹科學(xué)家們正在探索使用基因療法來傳遞編碼中性內(nèi)肽酶的基因，并解釋了這種酶的作用及其在動物模型中的效果，目的是希望這種基因療法能延緩人類阿爾茨海默病的發(fā)展。5.A解析思路：文章結(jié)尾提到科學(xué)家們正在探索新的基因療法，并表達了對這種療法前景的希望，暗示了阿爾茨海默病研究可能有新的突破方向。6.B解析思路：文章首段點明社交媒體的深刻影響，接著分別論述了其帶來的負面挑戰(zhàn)（謠言、網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌、溝通能力下降），最后提出應(yīng)對之策。因此，文章主要圍繞社交媒體的負面影響及其應(yīng)對展開。7.C解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段明確指出，“Theanonymityprovidedbysocialmediacanmakeiteasierforpeopletoengageinbullyingbehavior.Cyberbullyingcanhavedevastatingeffectsonitsvictims...”以及“Additionally,socialmediahasbeenlinkedtoadeclineinface-to-facecommunicationskills”，概括即為網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌和面對面溝通能力下降。8.D解析思路：文章最后一段明確指出，“Thekeytoharnessingthepositivepotentialofsocialmediawhilemitigatingitsnegativeeffectsistopromotedigitalliteracyandcriticalthinkingskills”，即提升數(shù)字素養(yǎng)和批判性思維能力是解決方案。9.C解析思路：根據(jù)文章最后一段，“socialmediaplatformscanbeusedtoraiseawarenessaboutimportantissues,mobilizepeopleforsocialchange,andconnectpeoplewhosharecommoninterests”，說明社交媒體可以用來提高對重要問題的認識、動員人們進行社會變革以及連接有共同興趣的人。10.B解析思路：文章結(jié)尾強調(diào)通過提升數(shù)字素養(yǎng)和批判性思維來創(chuàng)造更健康的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境，這暗示了如果不這樣做，負面效果可能會加劇，因此社交媒體的未來發(fā)展取決于這些能力的培養(yǎng)。11.A解析思路：文章首段定義了可持續(xù)性，接著分別介紹了可再生能源和可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)兩個關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，最后總結(jié)強調(diào)其重要性。全文圍繞可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念、方面和重要性展開，A選項（可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念、實踐及其重要性）最能概括主旨。12.B解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段明確提到，“renewableenergysources,suchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower”，這些都是可持續(xù)能源的例子。13.D解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段提到，“Traditionalagriculturalpracticescanhaveasignificantimpactontheenvironment,includingdeforestation,soilerosion,andwaterpollution”，即傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)對環(huán)境的影響包括森林砍伐、土壤侵蝕和水污染。14.C解析思路：根據(jù)文章第四段明確指出，“Sustainableagricultureaimstominimizetheseimpactsbyusingpracticessuchascroprotation,organicfarming,andintegratedpestmanagement.Thesepracticescanhelptoprotecttheenvironment,conservenaturalresources,andproducehealthyandnutritiousfood”，其目標是保護環(huán)境、conserv