高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京海淀區(qū)2024-2025學年高二下學期期末學業(yè)水平調研英語試卷第一部分：聽力理解（略）第二部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，20分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Thedismissallettertrembledinmyhandandthecompanylogowascloudedbytearsthatcarriedthesmellofburntcoffeeandshame.Atthirty-two,Iwas____1____fromtheVicePresidentpositionI’dstruggledforsixyearstoachieve.Threeweeksintounemployment,Ikeptcleaningcoffeeringsoffmydesk—marksof____2____late-nightworksessions.Onemorning,Mrs.Rosetti,myItalianfriend,marchedintomyapartment,holdingacoffeepotandabagofEthiopiancoffeebeans.“Let’slearntomakesomethingreal,”shesaid.“Thenwe’lltalkaboutliving.”Whatbeganasadistractionbecamea(n)____3____.Ilearnedhowthemineralsinwatermightaffecttheflavor,andhowthefoamonacappuccinowhisperedtruthsthatofficereportsnevercaptured.Thereal____4____pointarrivedduringacupping(品鑒)sessionataQueensCafé.WhenIdescribedaflavoras“l(fā)ayoffsafteracompanymerger(合并)hiddeninchocolatetones”,theownerofthecafé,aformerWallStreetanalyst,said:“You____5____storiesinthebeans.”Sixmonthslater,mycoffeeshop“LayoffLatteArt”was____6____.Itservesspecialdrinks____7____careerchallenges:oneforthoseswitchingcareersmidlifeandanothersymbolizingstartuppains.Eachcupcomeswithanoteaboutthebeans’journeyfrommountaintocup,andspaceforcustomerstowritetheirown____8____ofstartingover.It’samazingtoreadtheexperiencesthatpeopleshare.Theanxiety____9____,replacedbyrhythmichumofthecoffeemachine.Now,whenthemorninglighthitsthemilkjugjustright,Inolongerseetheshadowofmyformerhigh-achievingself.____10____,Iseeawomanwho,justlikethecoffeebeans,allowsherselftobetransformedintosomethingricher,deeper,andfarbraver.1.A.cutoff B.laidoff C.droppedoff D.wipedoff2.A.careless B.fearless C.hopeless D.countless3.A.association B.celebration C.inspiration D.contribution4.A.turning B.breaking C.meeting D.shining5.A.hear B.read C.taste D.write6.A.born B.bought C.discovered D.exhibited7.A.facing B.handling C.mirroring D.predicting8.A.recipes B.reports C.secrets D.stories9.A.grew B.eased C.spread D.remained10.A.Instead B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.Therefore【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B6.A7.C8.D9.B10.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了32歲的主人公從副總裁職位被解雇后，在朋友的幫助下通過學習制作咖啡找到新方向，最終開設了自己的咖啡店“裁員拿鐵藝術”，并在這個過程中實現自我轉變的故事?！?題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：32歲那年，我被解雇了，失去了我奮斗了六年才得到的副總裁職位。A.cutoff切斷；B.laidoff解雇；C.droppedoff減少；D.wipedoff擦去。根據上文“Thedismissallettertrembledinmyhand”以及下文“Threeweeksintounemployment”可知，作者收到了解雇信，他失業(yè)了，因此是被“解雇”了。故選B項?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：失業(yè)三周后，我一直在清理桌子上的咖啡漬——那是無數次深夜工作留下的痕跡。A.careless粗心的；B.fearless無畏的；C.hopeless絕望的；D.countless無數的。根據上文“Threeweeksintounemployment,Ikeptcleaningcoffeeringsoffmydesk”可知，作者一直在清理桌子上的咖啡漬，說明作者之前有很多次深夜工作的時刻，因此是留下了“無數的”痕跡。故選D項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：起初只是為了分散注意力，后來卻成了靈感來源。A.association協(xié)會；B.celebration慶祝；C.inspiration靈感；D.contribution貢獻。根據下文“Ilearnedhowthemineralsinwatermightaffecttheflavor,andhowthefoamonacappuccinowhisperedtruthsthatofficereportsnevercaptured.”可知，作者從制作咖啡中學到了很多東西，這些東西是辦公室報告里從未捕捉到的，因此制作咖啡成了作者的“靈感”來源。故選C項。【4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：真正的轉折點出現在皇后區(qū)一家咖啡館的品鑒會上。A.turning轉折；B.breaking打破；C.meeting會議；D.shining閃耀。根據下文“WhenIdescribedaflavoras“l(fā)ayoffsafteracompanymerger(合并)hiddeninchocolatetones”,theownerofthecafé,aformerWallStreetanalyst,said:“You______storiesinthebeans.””可知，作者在品鑒會上描述了一種味道，并得到了咖啡館老板的認可，因此這是一個“轉折”點，turningpoint為固定搭配，意為“轉折點”。故選A項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：咖啡館老板，一位前華爾街分析師，說：“你能從豆子里讀出故事?！盇.hear聽見；B.read讀出；C.taste品嘗；D.write寫。根據上文“WhenIdescribedaflavoras“l(fā)ayoffsafteracompanymerger(合并)hiddeninchocolatetones”,”可知，作者描述了一種味道，并說這種味道里隱藏著公司合并后的裁員，因此咖啡館老板說作者能從豆子里“讀出”故事。故選B項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：六個月后，我的咖啡店“裁員拿鐵藝術”誕生了。A.born出生，誕生；B.bought買；C.discovered發(fā)現；D.exhibited展覽。根據下文“Itservesspecialdrinks”可知，作者的咖啡店開始營業(yè)了，即“誕生”了。故選A項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它提供反映職業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)的特色飲品：一種是為那些中年轉行的人準備的，另一種象征著創(chuàng)業(yè)的艱辛。A.facing面對；B.handling處理；C.mirroring反映；D.predicting預測。根據下文“oneforthoseswitchingcareersmidlifeandanothersymbolizingstartuppains.”可知，咖啡店提供的特色飲品“反映”了職業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)，一種是為中年轉行的人準備的，另一種象征著創(chuàng)業(yè)的艱辛。故選C項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每杯咖啡都附有一張關于咖啡豆從山上到杯子的旅程的便條，還有空間讓顧客寫下自己重新開始的故事。A.recipes食譜；B.reports報告；C.secrets秘密；D.stories故事。根據下文“It’samazingtoreadtheexperiencesthatpeopleshare.”可知，顧客會分享的是他們自己的經歷，因此是寫下了他們重新開始的“故事”。故選D項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：焦慮減輕了，取而代之的是咖啡機有節(jié)奏的嗡嗡聲。A.grew成長；B.eased減輕，緩解；C.spread傳播；D.remained保持。根據下文“replacedbyrhythmichumofthecoffeemachine”可知，焦慮被咖啡機有節(jié)奏的嗡嗡聲取代了，因此焦慮是“減輕，緩解”了。故選B項?！?0題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，我看到的是一個女人，就像咖啡豆一樣，允許自己被轉化成更豐富、更深邃、更勇敢的東西。A.Instead相反；B.Moreover而且；C.Meanwhile同時；D.Therefore因此。根據上文“Now,whenthemorninglighthitsthemilkjugjustright,Inolongerseetheshadowofmyformerhigh-achievingself.”以及下文“Iseeawomanwho,justlikethecoffeebeans,allowsherselftobetransformedintosomethingricher,deeper,andfarbraver.”可知，現在作者不再看到自己以前那個成就斐然的自己的影子了，相反，作者看到了一個像咖啡豆一樣，允許自己被轉化成更豐富、更深邃、更勇敢的東西的女人，上下文是轉折關系。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）A閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。WhenGracefellill,hergardenwasdryingup.Herneighbour,Lily,____11____(kind)steppedupandtookoveralltheplantwateringandweedpulling.WhenGracerecovered,she____12____(touch)byLily’skindness.Theybegangardeningtogether,formingaclosefriendship.Theirsharedloveforthegardenconnectedthem,showinghowsmallactsofcarebuildmeaningfulrelationships.Overtime,thegarden,____13____(fill)withflowerstheyplantedtogether,becameasymboloftheirbond.【答案】11.kindly12.wastouched13.filled【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了Grace生病時，鄰居Lily幫忙照料花園，Grace康復后兩人開始一起打理花園，從而建立了深厚的友誼的故事。花園成為了她們友誼的象征，展示了小小的關懷如何能建立有意義的關系?！?1題詳析】考查副詞。句意：她的鄰居Lily好心地站出來，承擔了所有的植物澆水和除草工作。修飾動詞steppedup，應用kind的副詞形式kindly作狀語，意為“好心地”。故填kindly?！?2題詳析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)及主謂一致。句意：Grace康復后，被Lily的善良所感動。分析句子結構可知，空處為句子的謂語，根據上文WhenGracerecovered可知，句子描述的是過去的情況，應用一般過去時，touch和主語she之間為被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)，且主語she為第三人稱單數，be動詞應用was。故填wastouched?！?3題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：隨著時間的推移，花園里種滿了她們一起種的花，成為了她們友誼的象征。分析句子結構可知，句中已有謂語動詞became，且無其它連詞，所以fill應用非謂語動詞形式，因其與邏輯主語thegarden之間為被動關系，所以應用過去分詞形式作后置定語。故填filled。B閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空?！癝ir,whatdoesthesaying‘Isn’titadelighttolearnandconstantlyreviewthingsonehaslearned’mean?”Afourthgrader____14____(pose)thisquestiontothevirtualConfuciusonthescreen.Thedigitalfigurereplied,“Itmeansweneedtoconstantlyreview____15____wehavelearned.Bydoingthis,wegainnewinsights.”Inthiscase,theAIteachingassistantprovidedstudentswithan____16____(interact)learningexperience.It’snotrare.Nowadays,theintegrationofAIandeducation____17____(change)thewayschoolsareorganized.【答案】14.posed15.what16.interactive17.ischanging##hasbeenchanging【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人工智能與教育相結合，為學生提供互動學習體驗，并改變了學校的組織方式。【14題詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：“先生，‘學而時習之，不亦說乎’這句話是什么意思？”一名四年級學生向屏幕上的虛擬孔子提出了這個問題。分析句子結構可知，空處為句子的謂語，根據語境以及下文“Thedigitalfigurereplied”可知，此處描述的是過去發(fā)生的動作，應用一般過去時。故填posed?！?5題詳析】考查賓語從句。句意：這個數字形象回答說：“它的意思是我們需要不斷復習我們所學過的東西。通過這樣做，我們獲得了新的見解?！狈治鼍渥咏Y構可知，空處引導賓語從句，作review的賓語，從句缺少賓語，表示“所……的東西”，應用連接代詞what來引導。故填what。【16題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：在這種情況下，人工智能教學助手為學生提供了一種交互式的學習體驗。修飾名詞短語learningexperience，應用interact的形容詞形式interactive作定語，意為“交互式的；互動的”。故填interactive?！?7題詳析】考查時態(tài)及主謂一致。句意：如今，人工智能與教育的融合正在改變學校的組織方式。分析句子結構可知，空處為句子的謂語，根據時間狀語Nowadays可知，此處表示當前正在發(fā)生的動作，應用現在進行時，主語theintegrationofAIandeducation為單數形式，be動詞應用is。此外，也可用現在完成進行時，表示動作從過去某一時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現在，可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去，助動詞用has。故填ischanging/hasbeenchanging。C閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Conflictispartofourlifeandcanoccurinvarioussettings.Whenleftunaddressed,itcancausestressanddamagerelationships.Oneofthemosteffectiveapproachestodealingwithconflictisthroughcompromise.Compromiseistheactofeachpartygivingupsomething____18____(reach)anagreement.Bycompromising,weshowrespectfortheother’sfeelingsandneeds,____19____canstrengthenthebond.Moreover,compromisehelpsusdevelopbetterproblem-solvingskills.Weshouldembracecompromise____20____ameansofpersonalgrowthandharmoniousliving.【答案】18.toreach19.which20.as【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了沖突是生活的一部分，而妥協(xié)是解決沖突的有效方法之一，妥協(xié)有助于加強關系、提升解決問題的能力，是個人成長和和諧生活的一種方式?！?8題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：妥協(xié)是各方為達成協(xié)議而放棄某些東西的行為。分析句子結構可知，句中已有謂語動詞is，所以reach應用非謂語動詞形式，根據句意可知，此處表示“為了達成協(xié)議”，應用不定式作目的狀語。故填toreach?！?9題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：通過妥協(xié)，我們表現出對對方感受和需求的尊重，這可以加強我們之間的聯系?？仗幰龑Х窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，關系詞指代前面的整個句子，在從句中作主語，應用which引導從句。故填which。【20題詳析】考查介詞。句意：我們應該把妥協(xié)視為個人成長與和諧生活的一種方式。根據句意可知，此處表示“作為……；視為……”，應用介詞as。故填as。第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，34分）第一節(jié)（共12小題；每小題2分，共24分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheEnglishWritingLeague(EWL)sponsorstheannualEssayWritingCompetition,opentoallstudentswhoareenrolledatamiddleschool,highschool,orcollegeduringtheacademicyearinwhichthearticleissubmitted.Thesubmissionsthatarejudgedfirst,second,andthirdbestmaybepublishedintheonlineversionofasponsoringpublication.TheEWLreservestherighttoawardsome,all,ornoprizes,dependingonitsdeterminationofqualityofsubmissions.Entriesthatdonotqualifyforawardsmayalsobeconsideredforpublicationinfutureissuesofoursponsoringpublications.Toenter,thestudentshouldsubmitanapplicationandanoriginalpieceofwritinginWordformatviatheformontheEWLwebsite.Thestudentshouldincludeabriefbiography,includingcurrentschool,currentaddress,grade,andexpectedyearofgraduation.Essayssubmittedwillbejudgedonthefollowingcriteria:·Relevancetothecategoryforwhichtheessayissubmitted·Timelinessofthetopicortheme·Originality·QualityandstyleofwritingApplicationsandmanuscriptsmustbesubmittedby8:00pmonSeptember1.Theregistrationfeeis$25perperson.Studentswhoareunabletopaytheentryfeeshouldapplyforafeewaiveratthetimeofsubmission.TheEWLstrivestoensurethatallstudentsmayparticipateinthecompetitionregardlessoffinancialstatus.PlagiarismandAI-generatedcontentwillresultindisqualification.EntrieswritteninalanguageotherthanEnglishandentriesthatcontaininappropriatecontentwillalsobedisqualified.Studentsmaysubmitentriesforuptothreecategoriesbutmayonlysubmitoneentrypercategory.Thedecisionsofthejudgesareentirelytheirown,andarefinalandbinding.WinnerswillbeannouncedonorafterNovember1onEWLwebsite.21.Whocansignupforthecompetition?A.Registeredstudents. B.Languageinstructors.C.Professionalwriters. D.Collegegraduates.22.Whatareparticipantsrequiredtodowhentheysubmitanessay?A.Tohandinanapplicationinperson. B.Toprovideabriefself-introduction.C.Tomakeapromisenottocheat. D.Topaya$25entryfeepercategory.23.Whichofthefollowingmayqualifyforthecompetition?A.Anoriginalpersonalstory. B.Anadaptationofothers’works.C.AnessaywritteninSpanish. D.AnarticlecreatedbyDeepseek.24.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytakenfrom?A.Inacollegeapplicationhandbook. B.Intheguidebookforawritingcourse.C.Onthewebsiteofanorganization. D.Onthehomepageofacollegewebsite.【答案】21.A22.B23.A24.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹了英語寫作聯盟（EWL）贊助的年度征文比賽的相關信息，包括參賽資格、參賽要求、評審標準、參賽費用、參賽作品要求以及比賽結果公布等內容?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“TheEnglishWritingLeague(EWL)sponsorstheannualEssayWritingCompetition,opentoallstudentswhoareenrolledatamiddleschool,highschool,orcollegeduringtheacademicyearinwhichthearticleissubmitted.(英語寫作聯盟（EWL）贊助年度征文比賽，比賽面向在提交文章的學年期間就讀于中學、高中或大學的所有學生開放。)”可知，只有注冊入學的學生才能報名參加比賽。故選A項?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“Thestudentshouldincludeabriefbiography,includingcurrentschool,currentaddress,grade,andexpectedyearofgraduation.(學生應包括一份簡短的自我介紹，包括目前的學校、目前的地址、年級和預計畢業(yè)年份。)”可知，參賽者在提交文章時需要提供一份簡短的自我介紹。故選B項?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第三段“PlagiarismandAI-generatedcontentwillresultindisqualification.EntrieswritteninalanguageotherthanEnglishandentriesthatcontaininappropriatecontentwillalsobedisqualified.(抄襲和人工智能生成的內容將導致取消資格。用非英語書寫的參賽作品和包含不適當內容的參賽作品也將被取消資格。)”可知，抄襲和人工智能生成的內容、非英語書寫的參賽作品和包含不適當內容的參賽作品都將被取消資格，B項“Anadaptationofothers’works.(改編他人的作品)”屬于抄襲，C項“AnessaywritteninSpanish.(一篇用西班牙語寫的文章)”和D項“AnarticlecreatedbyDeepseek.(Deepseek創(chuàng)建的文章)”屬于人工智能生成的內容，均不符合要求，只有A項“Anoriginalpersonalstory.(一個原創(chuàng)的個人故事)”符合要求。故選A項。【24題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“WinnerswillbeannouncedonorafterNovember1onEWLwebsite.(獲獎者將于11月1日或之后在EWL網站上公布。)”以及文章主要介紹了英語寫作聯盟（EWL）贊助的年度征文比賽的相關信息可知，文章最有可能來自一個組織的網站。故選C項。BAcategoryofsyntheticorganismstermed“mirrorlife”,whosecomponentmolecules(分子)aremirrorimagesoftheirnaturalcounterpart,couldposehugeriskstohumanlifeandecosystems,accordingtoarecentarticleinScience.Mirrorlifehastodowiththeuniversalphenomenoninthenaturalworldinwhichamoleculeoranotherobjectcannotsimplybesuperimposed(重疊)onanother.Forexample,yourlefthandcan’tsimplybeturnedovertomatchyourrighthand.Thishandednessishugelyimportantinbiologybecauseinteractionsbetweenbiomoleculesrelyonthemhavingtheexpectedform.Forexample,ifaprotein’shandednessisreversed,itcannotinteractwithpartnermolecules.Theauthorsareworriedaboutmirrorbacteria,thesimplestlife-formtheirconcernsapplyto.Thecapabilitytocreatemirrorbacteriadoesnotyetexistandis“atleastadecadeaway”,butprogressisunderway.KatarzynaAdamala,oneco-authorofthearticle,fearsthatmirrorbacteriacouldleadtopermanentecologicaldamageandlossoflife.Theinitialenthusiasmforcreatingmirrorversionsofbacteriabeganwithsimplerimaginings.Researchersexploredtheuseofmirror-imageproteinsandothermoleculesthatarethebuildingblocksofsuchanorganism.Oneapplicationisindrugs.Somedrugsmustbetakenrepeatedlybecausethebodybreaksthemdown.Mirrormoleculesresistthisprocess,allowingdrugsmadefromthemtolastlonger.Manyimmunesystemmechanismsalsorelyonhandedness.Tcells,responsibleforrecognizingforeigninvaders,forexample,mightfailtobindtosomethingwiththewronghandedness,whichcouldhelptherapiesmadefrommirrormoleculesavoidtriggeringimmunereactionsinpatients.Anotherpotentialapplicationofmirrorbacteriamightbebioreactors(生物反應器),biologicalfactoriesthatusecellsormicroorganismstoproducevariouscompoundslikeantibioticsandothermedicines.Bacteriophages(virusesthatinfectbacteria)canwipeoutbacteria-basedbioreactors,costinghugeamountsoftimeandmoney,butitislikelytheywouldn’tinfectmirrorbacteria,becausetheywouldn’trecognizetheirmolecules.Itisthesesupposedlyadvantageouspropertiesthatgaverisetothescientists’concerns.Theabilitytoavoidimmuneresponsescouldallowbacteriatocausedeadlyinfectionsastheymultiplyuncontrollably.Unlikeviruses,bacteriadon’trequirespecificmolecularinteractionstoinfecthosts,andmirrorbacteriacouldaffectawiderangeoforganisms,includinghumans,animals,andplants.Andalackofnaturalenemiescouldenablemirrorbacteriatospreadwidelythroughecosystems.25.Whyis“handedness”importantinbiology?A.Ithelpsbiomoleculestochangefunctionswhenneeded.B.Itensuresbiomoleculestorecognizetheirreversedforms.C.Itenablesbiomoleculestobesuperimposedoneachother.D.Itallowsbiomoleculestointeractcorrectlywitheachother.26.WhatisAdamala’sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofmirrorbacteria?A.Defensive. B.Enthusiastic. C.Neutral. D.Worried.27.Whatcanwelearnabouttheapplicationofmirrorlifetechnology?A.Mirrormoleculeshelptoactivateimmunereactions.B.Mirrormoleculescanextendtheeffectofsomedrugs.C.Mirrorbacteriacanbeusedtocuresomerarediseases.D.Mirrorbacteriahavethepotentialtodamagebioreactors.28.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Processandchallengesofmirrorliferesearch.B.Applicationsandbenefitsofmirrormolecules.C.Theconceptandpotentialimpactsofmirrorlife.D.Replacementofnaturalbacteriabymirrorbacteria.【答案】25.D26.D27.B28.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了“鏡像生命”這一合成生物類別的概念，以及其可能對人類生命和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來的巨大風險，同時探討了鏡像生命技術的潛在應用?！?5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“Thishandednessishugelyimportantinbiologybecauseinteractionsbetweenbiomoleculesrelyonthemhavingtheexpectedform.Forexample,ifaprotein’shandednessisreversed,itcannotinteractwithpartnermolecules.(這種手性在生物學中非常重要，因為生物分子之間的相互作用依賴于它們具有預期的形式。例如，如果蛋白質的手性顛倒，它就不能與配體分子相互作用。)”可知，手性在生物學中很重要是因為它允許生物分子之間正確地相互作用。故選D項?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段中“KatarzynaAdamala,oneco-authorofthearticle,fearsthatmirrorbacteriacouldleadtopermanentecologicaldamageandlossoflife.(這篇文章的一位合著者KatarzynaAdamala擔心，鏡像細菌可能會對生態(tài)造成永久性破壞，并導致生命損失。)”可知，Adamala對鏡像細菌的發(fā)展持擔憂態(tài)度。故選D項。【27題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中“Somedrugsmustbetakenrepeatedlybecausethebodybreaksthemdown.Mirrormoleculesresistthisprocess,allowingdrugsmadefromthemtolastlonger.(有些藥物必須反復服用，因為身體會分解它們。鏡像分子可以抵抗這一過程，使由它們制成的藥物持續(xù)時間更長。)”可知，鏡像分子可以延長某些藥物的效果。故選B項?！?8題詳析】主旨大意題?？v觀全文，尤其是根據第一段中“Acategoryofsyntheticorganismstermed“mirrorlife”,whosecomponentmolecules(分子)aremirrorimagesoftheirnaturalcounterpart,couldposehugeriskstohumanlifeandecosystems,accordingtoarecentarticleinScience.(根據最近發(fā)表在《科學》雜志上的一篇文章，一類被稱為“鏡像生命”的合成生物，其組成分子是自然界對應分子的鏡像，可能對人類生命和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)構成巨大風險。)”可知，本文主要介紹了“鏡像生命”的概念以及其可能對人類生命和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來的巨大風險，即鏡像生命的潛在影響。故選C項。CWiththereleaseoflargelanguagemodels(LLMs),peoplearetryingtounderstandthenatureoftheirintelligence.ManypeopleviewLLMsassimilartoanindividualhumanmind.Othershaveproposedentirelydifferentwaysofconceptualizingthem:asroleplayersthatcanimitatemanydifferentcharacters;asculturaltechnologieslikelibrariesandencyclopedias;asmirrorsofhumanintelligence...ThedisagreementsintheAIworldonhowtothinkaboutLLMsareclearlyrevealedinthisdiversearrayofmetaphors.GivenourlimitedunderstandingofLLMs,ithasbeenarguedthat“metaphors(比喻)areallwehaveforthemomenttocirclethatblackbox.”Humanstendtoanthropomorphizenonhumans,includinganimals,corporations,andeventheweather.ButweareparticularlyvulnerabletothistendencywhenfacedwithAIsystemsthattalkwithusinfluentlanguage,usingfirstpersonpronouns,andtellingusabouttheir“feelings”.SomeexpertsurgethepublictoavoidanthropomorphizingAIandtothinkofAIsystemsas“tools”ratherthanas“creatures”,butLLMsaredesignedtoachievequitetheoppositeeffect:tomakehumansconceptualizethemasindividualminds.TheLLM-as-mindmetaphorisbeingusedinlegalarguments.AllthebigAIcompanieshavetrainedtheirmodelsoncopyrightedtextswithoutpermissionorcompensation;andthereforefacinglawsuitsforcopyrightinfringement(侵犯版權).DefendantsarguethatAItrainingoncopyrightedmaterialsis“fairuse”,sinceLLMsarelikehumanminds.Theybelieve“Ifeverythingisjustcopyrightthenweshouldn’tbereadingtextbooksandlearningbecausethatwouldbecopyrightinfringement.”LegalscholarJacquelineCharlesworthcounteredthatthismetaphorisintentionallymisleading:“AIcompaniesrelyonournaturalunderstandingofhumanintellectualabilityandanthropomorphiclanguagetoencouragethemisperceptionthatAImachineslearnandcreatelikehumans—thatis,thattheyarecapableofconceptualthinkingandgeneralizationfromspecificknowledge.”Goingfurther,linguistEmilyBendernotedthatequatinganLLM’sprocessingofitstrainingtextwithahumanreadingandlearningfrombooks“restsonminimizingwhatitistobehuman”.AIresearchersarestillstrugglingtofindtherightmetaphorstounderstandourmysteriouscreations.Butaswehumansmakechoicesonhowweusethesesystems,howwestudythem,andhowwecraftandapplylawsandregulationstokeepthemsafeandethical,weneedtobeacutelyawareoftheoftenunconsciousmetaphorsthatshapeourevolvingunderstandingofthenatureoftheirintelligence.29.WhyarevariousmetaphorsmentionedinParagraph2?A.TohighlightLLMs’multiplefunctions. B.Todemonstrateconflictingperspectives.C.ToexpresshumanconcernsoverLLMs. D.Toshowthelimitationofhumancognition.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anthropomorphize”inParagraph3mean?A.Humanize. B.Simplify. C.Automate. D.Prioritize.31.WhatwillCharlesworthprobablyagreewith?A.AImachineslearnandcreatelikehumanbeingsdo.B.ThepublicshouldregardLLMsasconsciousbeings.C.AItrainingoncopyrightedmaterialsrequirespermission.D.UsingLLMsharmshumanconceptualthinkingandcreativity.32.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.ToadvocategivinglegalpersonhoodtovariousLLMs.B.ToshowthedisagreementsontheunderstandingofLLMs.C.TodiscussthelegalandethicalproblemscausedbyLLMs.D.TowarnusofthehiddeninfluencesofmetaphorizingLLMs.【答案】29.B30.A31.C32.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。主要討論了人們對大型語言模型（LLMs）本質的不同理解，通過比喻的方式揭示了這些理解上的分歧，并強調了這些比喻對法律、倫理和人類認知的潛在影響?！?9題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“ManypeopleviewLLMsassimilartoanindividualhumanmind.Othershaveproposedentirelydifferentwaysofconceptualizingthem:asroleplayersthatcanimitatemanydifferentcharacters;asculturaltechnologieslikelibrariesandencyclopedias;asmirrorsofhumanintelligence...ThedisagreementsintheAIworldonhowtothinkaboutLLMsareclearlyrevealedinthisdiversearrayofmetaphors.(許多人認為大型語言模型類似于個體的人類思維。其他人則提出了完全不同的概念化方式：將它們視為能夠模仿許多不同角色的角色扮演者；視為像圖書館和百科全書這樣的文化技術；視為人類智能的鏡子……在這個多樣化的比喻中，人工智能世界對如何看待大型語言模型的分歧顯而易見。)”可知，第二段提到各種比喻是為了展示人們對LLMs的不同看法，即沖突的觀點。故選B項?！?0題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞下文“ButweareparticularlyvulnerabletothistendencywhenfacedwithAIsystemsthattalkwithusinfluentlanguage,usingfirstpersonpronouns,andtellingusabouttheir“feelings”.(但是，當我們面對使用流利的語言與我們交談、使用第一人稱代詞并告訴我們它們的“感受”的人工智能系統(tǒng)時，我們特別容易受到這種傾向的影響。)”可知，人類傾向于將非人類的事物，包括動物、公司甚至天氣都擬人化，由此可推知，劃線單詞“anthropomorphize”指的是“將非人類的事物賦予人類的特征或行為”，即“擬人化”，與“Humanize(使人性化)”意思相近。故選A項?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中“LegalscholarJacquelineCharlesworthcounteredthatthismetaphorisintentionallymisleading:“AIcompaniesrelyonournaturalunderstandingofhumanintellectualabilityandanthropomorphiclanguagetoencouragethemisperceptionthatAImachineslearnandcreatelikehumans—thatis,thattheyarecapableofconceptualthinkingandgeneralizationfromspecificknowledge.”(法律學者JacquelineCharlesworth反駁說，這個比喻是故意誤導人的：“人工智能公司依賴我們對人類智力能力的自然理解以及擬人化的語言，來鼓勵人們誤解人工智能機器像人類一樣學習和創(chuàng)造——也就是說，它們能夠進行概念性思考和從特定知識中進行概括?！?”可知，Charlesworth認為AI公司使用“LLM-as-mind”這個比喻是誤導人的，她強調AI機器并不像人類一樣學習和創(chuàng)造，由此可推知，她可能認為在受版權保護的材料上訓練AI需要得到許可，而不是像被告所主張的那樣是“合理使用”。故選C項?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，結合最后一段“AIresearchersarestillstrugglingtofindtherightmetaphorstounderstandourmysteriouscreations.Butaswehumansmakechoicesonhowweusethesesystems,howwestudythem,andhowwecraftandapplylawsandregulationstokeepthemsafeandethical,weneedtobeacutelyawareoftheoftenunconsciousmetaphorsthatshapeourevolvingunderstandingofthenatureoftheirintelligence.(人工智能研究人員仍在努力尋找合適的比喻來理解我們神秘的創(chuàng)造物。但是，當我們人類選擇如何使用這些系統(tǒng)、如何研究它們，以及如何制定和應用法律法規(guī)來確保它們的安全和道德時，我們需要敏銳地意識到那些常常是無意識的比喻，這些比喻塑造了我們對其智能本質不斷演變的理解。)”可知，文章主要討論了人們對LLMs本質的不同理解，通過比喻的方式揭示了這些理解上的分歧，并強調了這些比喻對法律、倫理和人類認知的潛在影響，由此可推知，文章的目的是警告我們比喻化LLMs的潛在影響。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ConflictAvoidanceDoesn’tDoYouAnyFavorsImaginethisscenario:You’vebeenworkinghardonapresentationforseveralweeks,butaco-workerjumpsinandtakesallthecreditforyourwork.Insteadofrightlyspeakingup,youchoosetosilentlystepback.____33____Asidefromourworklife,avoidingconflictcanmanifestinourromanticrelationships,friendships,andevenfamilydynamics.Manyofthesetendenciescanbetracedbacktogrowingupinanenvironmentthatwasdismissive(鄙視的)orhypercritical.Peoplewhorespondtoconflictthiswayoftenexpectnegativeoutcomesandfinditdifficulttotrusttheotherperson’sreaction.____34____However,disagreeingwithsomeonedoesn’tnecessarilymean“fighting”.It’snotaboutblamingtheotherpersonorprovingwho’srightandwronginagivensituation.Conflictresolutionisaboutstandingupforyourselfandcommunicatingwhenyoufeelangryorfrustrated.Beforeconfrontingsomeone,tryexaminingyourfeelings.____35____Youcantrythefollowingaffirmations:“It’sOKtofeelhoweverI’mfeelingatthismoment—myemotionsarevalid.”“Iamworthyanddeservingofbeingheard.”Drawinguponyoursensorytoolboxalsohelps.Ifyou’reavisualperson,youcanrelievestressbyclosingyoureyesandimaginingsoothingimages.Similarly,ifyou’remorecomfortedbysmells,keepinganessentialoilonhandisagoodchoice.Onelaststepbeforeconfrontingsomeoneishavingaplan.Clearlydefinewhatyou’dliketoresolve.Then,writedowncanned,factualresponsestousewhenneeded,like“Iworkedlateforthepasttwoweekswhilemyco-workerdidn’tturnintheirshareoftheresearch.”____36____You’llfeelconfidentwhenaddressingthem.____37____Whileit’sOKtoneverconfrontothers,beingabletoresolveissueseffectivelymeansacceptingitasahealthypartofcommunicatingwithothers.Remember,disagreeingprovidesdeeperunderstandingandmakesiteasiertoconnectwithourfriends,partners,andco-workers.A.Practisethekeypointsyou’dliketogetacross.B.Differentcultureshavediversewaysofhandlingconflicts.C.Conflictisanormalpartofourpersonalandprofessionallives.D.Inotherwords,expressingyouropinionfirmlycanseemprettyscary.E.Ratherthanallowconflictstorunwildinyourhead,tryafirmerapproach.F.Beingconflictavoidantmeanswithdrawingfrompossibledisagreementsatallcosts.G.Insteadofholdingbackemotions,trylookingatthemthroughthelensofself-compassion.【答案】33.F34.D35.G36.A37.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了避免沖突并不總是對你有利，闡述人們避免沖突的根源并給出了在面對沖突時如何有效處理的建議?！?3題詳析】根據上文“Imaginethisscenario:You’vebeenworkinghardonapresentationforseveralweeks,butaco-workerjumpsinandtakesallthecreditforyourwork.Insteadofrightlyspeakingup,youchoosetosilentlystepback.(想象一下這樣的場景：你幾周來一直在努力準備一個報告，但一個同事跳出來，把你的功勞全搶走了。你沒有正確地站出來說話，而是選擇默默地退后。)”以及下文“Asidefromourworklife,avoidingconflictcanmanifestinourromanticrelationships,friendships,andevenfamilydynamics.(除了工作生活，避免沖突還會體現在我們的戀愛關系、友誼甚至家庭