2025年托福考試閱讀真題模擬模擬試卷：社會問題政策創(chuàng)新考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選擇題要求：本部分共有30道選擇題，每道題后面都有四個選項，請仔細(xì)閱讀題目，并根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容選擇最合適的答案。作答時，請將所選選項的字母填涂在答題卡上。1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheprimarycauseofurbansprawlindevelopedcountries?A.Thehighcostoflandinurbancenters.B.Thedesireformorespaceandprivacyamongmiddle-classfamilies.C.Governmentpoliciesthatencouragesuburbandevelopment.D.Thedeclineofpublictransportationsystems.2.Thepassagesuggeststhatoneofthemajorproblemswithurbansprawlisitsimpactontheenvironment.Whichofthefollowingstatementssupportsthisidea?A.Sprawlleadstoincreasedpollutionbecausepeopledrivelongerdistances.B.Itresultsinthelossofagriculturalland,whichcouldbeusedforfoodproduction.C.Itoftenrequiresthedestructionofnaturalhabitatstobuildnewhomesandroads.D.Alloftheabove.3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthekeybenefitsofsmartgrowthpolicies?A.Theycansignificantlyreducetrafficcongestioninurbanareas.B.Theypromotethedevelopmentofnewpublictransportationsystems.C.Theyhelptopreserveopenspacesandnaturalhabitats.D.Theyleadtolowerhousingcostsformiddle-incomefamilies.4.Thepassagementionsthatsmartgrowthpoliciesoftenincludethedevelopmentofmixed-useneighborhoods.Whatisthemainadvantageofthisapproach?A.Itencouragesthegrowthoflocalbusinessesandreducescommutingtimes.B.Itprovidesmoreaffordablehousingoptionsforlow-incomefamilies.C.Ithelpstoreducethestrainonpublicinfrastructure.D.Itpromotesculturaldiversitywithinurbancommunities.5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacingtheimplementationofsmartgrowthpolicies?A.Resistancefromdeveloperswhoprefertraditionalsuburbandevelopmentmodels.B.Thehighcostoflandinurbanareas,whichmakesitdifficulttoattractnewresidents.C.Thelackofpoliticalwilltochangeexistingzoninglawsandregulations.D.Theoppositionofenvironmentalgroupswhobelievethatsmartgrowthisnotenvironmentallyfriendly.6.Thepassagediscussestheroleoftechnologyinaddressingurbansprawl.Whichofthefollowingtechnologiesismentionedashavingthepotentialtoreducetheneedforsprawl?A.High-speedrailsystems.B.Telecommutingandremoteworkoptions.C.Self-drivingcars.D.Urbanairtransport.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthesocialbenefitsofsmartgrowthpolicies?A.Theycanhelptoreduceincomeinequalityinurbanareas.B.Theypromotethecreationofmorepublicspacesforcommunityactivities.C.Theyleadtoincreasedpropertyvaluesforexistinghomeowners.D.Theyhelptoreducethecrimerateinurbanneighborhoods.8.Thepassagementionsthatsomecitieshavesuccessfullyimplementedsmartgrowthpolicies.Whichofthefollowingexamplesisprovided?A.Portland,Oregon.B.Tokyo,Japan.C.Sydney,Australia.D.Cairo,Egypt.9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneoftheeconomicbenefitsofsmartgrowthpolicies?A.Theycanleadtoincreasedjobcreationinurbanareas.B.Theyhelptoreducethecostofhousingformiddle-incomefamilies.C.Theypromotethegrowthoflocalbusinessesandreducecommutingtimes.D.Theyleadtoincreasedtaxrevenuesforlocalgovernments.10.Thepassagediscussestheimportanceofpublicparticipationintheplanningprocess.Whatisthemainreasonforthis?A.Itensuresthattheneedsofallcommunitymembersaremet.B.Ithelpstobuildpublicsupportfornewdevelopmentprojects.C.Itprovidesaplatformforcitizenstovoicetheirconcernsandsuggestions.D.Ithelpstoreducethenumberoflegalchallengestonewdevelopmentprojects.11.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthechallengesofimplementingsmartgrowthpoliciesindevelopingcountries?A.Thelackofavailablelandfornewdevelopmentprojects.B.Thehighcostofinfrastructuredevelopment.C.Theresistanceoflocalcommunitiestochange.D.Thelackofpoliticalwilltoimplementsuchpolicies.12.Thepassagementionsthatsmartgrowthpoliciescanhelptoreducetrafficcongestion.Whichofthefollowingstatementssupportsthisidea?A.Theyencouragethedevelopmentofpublictransportationsystems.B.Theypromotethedevelopmentofmixed-useneighborhoods.C.Theyleadtothereductionofthenumberofcarsontheroad.D.Theyencouragepeopletoliveclosertotheirworkplaces.13.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthekeyprinciplesofsmartgrowth?A.Itpromotesthedevelopmentofsuburbansprawltoprovidemorespacefornewhomes.B.Itencouragestheseparationofresidentialareasfromcommercialareas.C.Itpromotestheintegrationofresidential,commercial,andrecreationalspaces.D.Itfocusesonthedevelopmentoflarge,single-usedevelopments.14.Thepassagediscussestheroleofgovernmentpoliciesinpromotingsmartgrowth.Whichofthefollowingpoliciesismentionedasbeingeffective?A.Taxincentivesfordeveloperswhobuildinaccordancewithsmartgrowthprinciples.B.Increasedfundingforpublictransportationsystems.C.Stricterzoninglawsthatlimitthedevelopmentofsuburbansprawl.D.Alloftheabove.15.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthebenefitsofsmartgrowthpoliciesfortheenvironment?A.Theyhelptoreducethelossofnaturalhabitats.B.Theypromotetheuseofrenewableenergysources.C.Theyleadtothereductionofairpollution.D.Theyhelptopreserveopenspacesandnaturalhabitats.16.Thepassagementionsthatsmartgrowthpoliciescanhelptoreducethecostofhousing.Whichofthefollowingstatementssupportsthisidea?A.Theyencouragethedevelopmentofaffordablehousingoptions.B.Theyleadtoincreasedpropertyvalues,makinghousingmoreaffordable.C.Theypromotethedevelopmentofmixed-useneighborhoods,whichcanreducehousingcosts.D.Theyencouragetheconstructionofhigh-densityhousingdevelopments.17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthechallengesofimplementingsmartgrowthpoliciesinruralareas?A.Thelackofavailablelandfornewdevelopmentprojects.B.Theresistanceoflocalcommunitiestochange.C.Thehighcostofinfrastructuredevelopment.D.Thelackofpoliticalwilltoimplementsuchpolicies.18.Thepassagediscussestheroleoftechnologyinsupportingsmartgrowthpolicies.Whichofthefollowingtechnologiesismentionedasbeingparticularlyuseful?A.High-speedrailsystems.B.Telecommutingandremoteworkoptions.C.Self-drivingcars.D.Urbanairtransport.19.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthesocialbenefitsofsmartgrowthpolicies?A.Theycanhelptoreduceincomeinequalityinurbanareas.B.Theypromotethecreationofmorepublicspacesforcommunityactivities.C.Theyleadtoincreasedpropertyvaluesforexistinghomeowners.D.Theyhelptoreducethecrimerateinurbanneighborhoods.20.Thepassagementionsthatsomecitieshavesuccessfullyimplementedsmartgrowthpolicies.Whichofthefollowingexamplesisprovided?A.Portland,Oregon.B.Tokyo,Japan.C.Sydney,Australia.D.Cairo,Egypt.21.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneoftheeconomicbenefitsofsmartgrowthpolicies?A.Theycanleadtoincreasedjobcreationinurbanareas.B.Theyhelptoreducethecostofhousingformiddle-incomefamilies.C.Theypromotethegrowthoflocalbusinessesandreducecommutingtimes.D.Theyleadtoincreasedtaxrevenuesforlocalgovernments.22.Thepassagediscussestheimportanceofpublicparticipationintheplanningprocess.Whatisthemainreasonforthis?A.Itensuresthattheneedsofallcommunitymembersaremet.B.Ithelpstobuildpublicsupportfornewdevelopmentprojects.C.Itprovidesaplatformforcitizenstovoicetheirconcernsandsuggestions.D.Ithelpstoreducethenumberoflegalchallengestonewdevelopmentprojects.23.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthechallengesofimplementingsmartgrowthpoliciesindevelopingcountries?A.Thelackofavailablelandfornewdevelopmentprojects.B.Thehighcostofinfrastructuredevelopment.C.Theresistanceoflocalcommunitiestochange.D.Thelackofpoliticalwilltoimplementsuchpolicies.24.Thepassagementionsthatsmartgrowthpoliciescanhelptoreducetrafficcongestion.Whichofthefollowingstatementssupportsthisidea?A.Theyencouragethedevelopmentofpublictransportationsystems.B.Theypromotethedevelopmentofmixed-useneighborhoods.C.Theyleadtothereductionofthenumberofcarsontheroad.D.Theyencouragepeopletoliveclosertotheirworkplaces.25.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthekeyprinciplesofsmartgrowth?A.Itpromotesthedevelopmentofsuburbansprawltoprovidemorespacefornewhomes.B.Itencouragestheseparationofresidentialareasfromcommercialareas.C.Itpromotestheintegrationofresidential,commercial,andrecreationalspaces.D.Itfocusesonthedevelopmentoflarge,single-usedevelopments.26.Thepassagediscussestheroleofgovernmentpoliciesinpromotingsmartgrowth.Whichofthefollowingpoliciesismentionedasbeingeffective?A.Taxincentivesfordeveloperswhobuildinaccordancewithsmartgrowthprinciples.B.Increasedfundingforpublictransportationsystems.C.Stricterzoninglawsthatlimitthedevelopmentofsuburbansprawl.D.Alloftheabove.27.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthebenefitsofsmartgrowthpoliciesfortheenvironment?A.Theyhelptoreducethelossofnaturalhabitats.B.Theypromotetheuseofrenewableenergysources.C.Theyleadtothereductionofairpollution.D.Theyhelptopreserveopenspacesandnaturalhabitats.28.Thepassagementionsthatsmartgrowthpoliciescanhelptoreducethecostofhousing.Whichofthefollowingstatementssupportsthisidea?A.Theyencouragethedevelopmentofaffordablehousingoptions.B.Theyleadtoincreasedpropertyvalues,makinghousingmoreaffordable.C.Theypromotethedevelopmentofmixed-useneighborhoods,whichcanreducehousingcosts.D.Theyencouragetheconstructionofhigh-densityhousingdevelopments.29.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthechallengesofimplementingsmartgrowthpoliciesinruralareas?A.Thelackofavailablelandfornewdevelopmentprojects.-Theresistanceoflocalcommunitiestochange.C.Thehighcostofinfrastructuredevelopment.D.Thelackofpoliticalwilltoimplementsuchpolicies.30.Thepassagediscussestheroleoftechnologyinsupportingsmartgrowthpolicies.Whichofthefollowingtechnologiesismentionedasbeingparticularlyuseful?A.High-speedrailsystems.B.Telecommutingandremoteworkoptions.C.Self-drivingcars.D.Urbanairtransport.二、填空題要求：本部分共有10道填空題，每道題后面都有一個空格，請根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容填寫最合適的單詞。作答時，請將所填單詞填入空格中。31.Accordingtothepassage,oneoftheprimarycausesofurbansprawlindevelopedcountriesisthehighcostoflandin________.32.Thepassagesuggeststhatoneofthemajorproblemswithurbansprawlisitsimpactonthe________.33.Oneofthekeybenefitsofsmartgrowthpoliciesisthattheycansignificantly________trafficcongestioninurbanareas.34.Thepassagementionsthatsmartgrowthpoliciesoftenincludethedevelopmentof________-useneighborhoods.35.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthebiggestchallengesfacingtheimplementationofsmartgrowthpoliciesisresistancefrom________whoprefertraditionalsuburbandevelopmentmodels.36.Thepassagediscussestheroleoftechnologyinaddressingurbansprawl.Onetechnologythatismentionedashavingthepotentialtoreducetheneedforsprawlis________.37.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthesocialbenefitsofsmartgrowthpoliciesisthattheycanhelpto________incomeinequalityinurbanareas.38.Thepassagementionsthatsomecitieshavesuccessfullyimplementedsmartgrowthpolicies,withPortland,Oregonbeingoneexample.39.Accordingtothepassage,oneoftheeconomicbenefitsofsmartgrowthpoliciesisthattheycanleadto________jobcreationinurbanareas.40.Thepassagediscussestheimportanceofpublicparticipationintheplanningprocess,asitensuresthattheneedsofall________aremet.三、判斷題要求：本部分共有10道判斷題，每道題后面都有一個判斷符號（√或×），請根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷題目表述是否正確。作答時，請將所選判斷符號填涂在答題卡上。41.Accordingtothepassage,theprimarycauseofurbansprawlindevelopedcountriesisthedesireformorespaceandprivacyamongmiddle-classfamilies.(√/×)42.Thepassagesuggeststhaturbansprawlhasnosignificantimpactontheenvironment.(√/×)43.Oneofthekeybenefitsofsmartgrowthpoliciesisthattheycanhelptopreserveopenspacesandnaturalhabitats.(√/×)44.Thepassagementionsthatsmartgrowthpoliciesoftenincludethedevelopmentofmixed-useneighborhoods,whichissupportedbytheideathatitcanencouragethegrowthoflocalbusinessesandreducecommutingtimes.(√/×)45.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthebiggestchallengesfacingtheimplementationofsmartgrowthpoliciesisthelackofpoliticalwilltoimplementsuchpolicies.(√/×)46.Thepassagediscussestheroleoftechnologyinaddressingurbansprawl,statingthattelecommutingandremoteworkoptionscanreducetheneedforsprawl.(√/×)47.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthesocialbenefitsofsmartgrowthpoliciesisthattheycanhelptoreducethecrimerateinurbanneighborhoods.(√/×)48.Thepassagementionsthatsomecitieshavesuccessfullyimplementedsmartgrowthpolicies,withTokyo,Japanbeingoneexample.(√/×)49.Accordingtothepassage,oneoftheeconomicbenefitsofsmartgrowthpoliciesisthattheycanleadtoincreasedtaxrevenuesforlocalgovernments.(√/×)50.Thepassagediscussestheimportanceofpublicparticipationintheplanningprocess,statingthatitprovidesaplatformforcitizenstovoicetheirconcernsandsuggestions.(√/×)四、簡答題要求：本部分共有5道簡答題，請根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容簡要回答問題。作答時，請將答案寫在答題紙上。51.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethethreemaincausesofurbansprawlindevelopedcountries?52.Thepassagementionsseveralbenefitsofsmartgrowthpolicies.Pleaselistthreeofthesebenefits.53.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethethreemainchallengesfacingtheimplementationofsmartgrowthpolicies?54.Thepassagediscussestheroleoftechnologyinsupportingsmartgrowthpolicies.Pleasenametwotechnologiesthatarementionedasbeingparticularlyuseful.55.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethethreemainprinciplesofsmartgrowth?本次試卷答案如下一、選擇題答案及解析1.B解析：文章第一段提到，隨著中產(chǎn)階級家庭收入的增加，他們渴望擁有更多的空間和隱私，這推動了城市向郊區(qū)擴(kuò)展。選項B準(zhǔn)確反映了這一觀點。2.D解析：文章第二段指出，城市蔓延導(dǎo)致污染增加（選項A），占用農(nóng)業(yè)用地（選項B），破壞自然棲息地（選項C）。因此，選項D“所有以上”是最全面的答案。3.A解析：文章第三段提到，智能增長政策可以通過減少通勤距離來顯著減少交通擁堵。選項A直接對應(yīng)這一觀點。4.A解析：文章第四段解釋說，混合用途社區(qū)通過將住宅、商業(yè)和休閑空間結(jié)合在一起，可以鼓勵當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)的發(fā)展并減少通勤時間。選項A最符合這一解釋。5.C解析：文章第五段提到，實施智能增長政策的一大挑戰(zhàn)是缺乏政治意愿來改變現(xiàn)有的分區(qū)法律和法規(guī)。選項C準(zhǔn)確反映了這一點。6.B解析：文章第六段討論了技術(shù)的作用，指出遠(yuǎn)程工作和遠(yuǎn)程工作選項可以減少對郊區(qū)的需求。選項B對應(yīng)這一觀點。7.B解析：文章第七段提到，智能增長政策通過創(chuàng)造更多的公共空間用于社區(qū)活動，帶來社會效益。選項B準(zhǔn)確描述了這一點。8.A解析：文章第八段以波特蘭為例，說明了智能增長政策的成功實施。選項A是文中提到的例子。9.C解析：文章第九段指出，智能增長政策可以通過促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)的發(fā)展和減少通勤時間來創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。選項C直接對應(yīng)這一觀點。10.C解析：文章第十段強調(diào)公共參與的重要性，因為它為公民提供了一個表達(dá)他們的擔(dān)憂和建議的平臺。選項C準(zhǔn)確反映了這一原因。11.C解析：文章第十一段提到，在發(fā)展中國家實施智能增長政策的一個主要挑戰(zhàn)是當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)對變化的抵制。選項C準(zhǔn)確描述了這一點。12.A解析：文章第十二段指出，智能增長政策通過鼓勵公共交通系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)來幫助減少交通擁堵。選項A直接對應(yīng)這一觀點。13.C解析：文章第十三段定義了智能增長的一個關(guān)鍵原則，即整合住宅、商業(yè)和休閑空間。選項C準(zhǔn)確反映了這一點。14.D解析：文章第十四段提到，稅收激勵、增加對公共交通系統(tǒng)的資金和更嚴(yán)格的分區(qū)法律都可以有效促進(jìn)智能增長。選項D“所有以上”是最全面的答案。15.D解析：文章第十五段指出，智能增長政策通過幫助保護(hù)開放空間和自然棲息地來惠及環(huán)境。選項D直接對應(yīng)這一觀點。16.A解析：文章第十六段提到，智能增長政策可以通過鼓勵發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房選項來幫助降低住房成本。選項A準(zhǔn)確反映了這一點。17.B解析：文章第十七段提到，在農(nóng)村地區(qū)實施智能增長政策的一個主要挑戰(zhàn)是當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)對變化的抵制。選項B準(zhǔn)確描述了這一點。18.B解析：文章第十八段討論了技術(shù)的作用，指出遠(yuǎn)程工作和遠(yuǎn)程工作選項可以支持智能增長政策。選項B對應(yīng)這一觀點。19.A解析：文章第十九段提到，智能增長政策可以通過幫助減少城市地區(qū)的收入不平等來帶來社會效益。選項A準(zhǔn)確描述了這一點。20.A解析：文章第二十段以波特蘭為例，說明了智能增長政策的成功實施。選項A是文中提到的例子。21.A解析：文章第二十一段指出，智能增長政策可以通過創(chuàng)造城市地區(qū)的就業(yè)機(jī)會來創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。選項A直接對應(yīng)這一觀點。22.C解析：文章第二十二段強調(diào)公共參與的重要性，因為它為公民提供了一個表達(dá)他們的擔(dān)憂和建議的平臺。選項C準(zhǔn)確反映了這一原因。23.C解析：文章第二十三段提到，在發(fā)展中國家實施智能增長政策的一個主要挑戰(zhàn)是當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)對變化的抵制。選項C準(zhǔn)確描述了這一點。24.A解析：文章第二十四段指出，智能增長政策通過鼓勵公共交通系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)來幫助減少交通擁堵。選項A直接對應(yīng)這一觀點。25.C解析：文章第二十五段定義了智能增長的一個關(guān)鍵原則，即整合住宅、商業(yè)和休閑空間。選項C準(zhǔn)確反映了這一點。26.D解析：文章第二十六段提到，稅收激勵、增加對公共交通系統(tǒng)的資金和更嚴(yán)格的分區(qū)法律都可以有效促進(jìn)智能增長。選項D“所有以上”是最全面的答案。27.D解析：文章第二十七段指出，智能增長政策通過幫助保護(hù)開放空間和自然棲息地來惠及環(huán)境。選項D直接對應(yīng)這一觀點。28.A解析：文章第二十八段提到，智能增長政策可以通過鼓勵發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房選項來幫助降低住房成本。選項A準(zhǔn)確反映了這一點。29.B解析：文章第二十九段提到，在農(nóng)村地區(qū)實施智能增長政策的一個主要挑戰(zhàn)是