Unit4Sharing一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)整合1learnsomenewwordsandexpressions2haveafurtherunderstandingoftheunit3learnandmasterphrases二、思維導(dǎo)圖回顧知識(shí)三、重難知識(shí)易混易錯(cuò)短語(yǔ)一、短語(yǔ)的概述1.含義及分類(lèi)：英語(yǔ)中的短語(yǔ)是有一定意義但不構(gòu)成獨(dú)立從句或句子的一組詞。從形式結(jié)構(gòu)角度劃分，英語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)可分為名詞短語(yǔ)（NP）、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（VP）、形容詞短語(yǔ)（AdjP）、副詞短語(yǔ)（AdvP）、介詞短語(yǔ)（PreP）等。2.句法功能：英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)的句法功能通常與對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞的句法功能類(lèi)似，比如，名詞短語(yǔ)與名詞功能相似，在句子中主要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等；介詞短語(yǔ)主要是充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等；形容詞短語(yǔ)主要充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。例：Mostoftheboysinmyclasslikeplayingfootball.在這個(gè)句子中，Mostoftheboys是名詞短語(yǔ)，inmyclass是介詞短語(yǔ)，likeplayingfootball是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。二、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞可以和一些別的詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)具有新的詞義的固定搭配，表達(dá)一個(gè)概念，其作用和一個(gè)單獨(dú)的動(dòng)詞差不多，而且不可分割，這種固定搭配叫作短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。1.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下幾種：（1）動(dòng)詞＋副詞bringup撫養(yǎng)；提出findout查明；查出pickout精心挑選handin上交giveup放棄breakout爆發(fā)putaside把……放在一邊；留存，儲(chǔ)蓄（2）動(dòng)詞＋介詞lookfor尋找lookinto調(diào)查goover仔細(xì)檢查beginwith以……開(kāi)始（3）動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞careabout關(guān)心applyfor申請(qǐng)objectto反對(duì)consistof由……組成eupwith提出getalongwith與……和睦相處runoutof用完getawayfrom逃離makeupfor彌補(bǔ)putupwith容忍（4）動(dòng)詞＋名詞takeplace發(fā)生makesense講得通，有意義loseheart泄氣（5）動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞makefaces做鬼臉takepartin參加makeuseof利用payattentionto注意keeppacewith與……并駕齊驅(qū)showinterestin對(duì)……表現(xiàn)出興趣takeadvantageof利用（6）動(dòng)詞＋介詞＋名詞①動(dòng)詞后需要帶賓語(yǔ)類(lèi)Keep...inmind記住……oeffect使……生效oconsideration把……考慮在內(nèi)②動(dòng)詞后不帶賓語(yǔ)類(lèi)eintobeing形成eintoeffect生效burstintotears突然大哭起來(lái)2.動(dòng)詞與介詞、副詞的常見(jiàn)搭配（1）不同的動(dòng)詞后接相同的介詞或副詞①動(dòng)詞＋awaythrowaway扔掉putaway將……收起carryaway拿走，帶走runaway逃離；躲避goaway走開(kāi)giveaway捐贈(zèng)；分發(fā)；泄露，暴露②動(dòng)詞＋downhanddown把……傳下get/take/write/setdown寫(xiě)下，記下bringdown降低，減少teardown拆除③動(dòng)詞＋offcalloff取消cutoff切掉；中斷payoff還清showoff炫耀setoff出發(fā)takeoff脫下；起飛；突然開(kāi)始成功④動(dòng)詞＋ontryon試穿haveon穿著，戴著keepon繼續(xù)carryon繼續(xù)做holdon別掛斷；堅(jiān)持住；抓緊⑤動(dòng)詞＋outgoout熄滅setout出發(fā)，動(dòng)身wearout用壞，磨損washout把……洗掉carryout實(shí)施，執(zhí)行handout分發(fā)turnout出席，在場(chǎng)；結(jié)果是workout計(jì)算出；成功地發(fā)展⑥動(dòng)詞＋overeover短暫造訪handover移交lookover檢查thinkover仔細(xì)考慮takeover接收，接管⑦動(dòng)詞＋upfixup修理callup使想起；打電話給cutup切碎growup長(zhǎng)大makeup編造；補(bǔ)上；組成setup建立，開(kāi)辦putup表現(xiàn)；提出（意見(jiàn)等）takeup開(kāi)始從事；占據(jù)pickup撿起；（開(kāi)車(chē)）接人；偶然得到（2）同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后接不同的介詞或副詞①break+介詞/副詞breakdown出故障；垮掉breakup散開(kāi)，解散breakinto強(qiáng)行闖入breakaway突然掙脫breakoff中斷（2）get+介詞/副詞getabout/around傳播geton乘坐；進(jìn)展getoff從……下來(lái)getout出去getover克服getacross被理解（3）give+介詞/副詞givein屈服，投降giveoff放出，發(fā)出giveback歸還giveout耗盡；放出（光、熱等）（4）turn+介詞/副詞turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身turnto向……求助turnin歸還；上交turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)turnon打開(kāi)turnoff關(guān)掉turnup調(diào)高；偶然出現(xiàn)turndown把……調(diào)低，關(guān)小；拒絕（5）put+介詞/副詞putdown記下；鎮(zhèn)壓putforward提出，建議putoff推遲，使延期puton穿上；上演putout生產(chǎn)；撲滅練習(xí)：1.Duetothegrowingpopularityofenvironmentallyrelatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes_____tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.2.Thesurveyshowsthat58.8%ofrespondentswanttodonateclothingtopeople_____need.3.Giantpandasalsoserve_____anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.4.Asteachers,youmustbelievethatyoucanmakeagreatdifference_____yourstudents.5.Weare______(privilege)toweleyouasourspeakerthisevening.6.Boblookssohappy.Hemusthavesignedacontract______thefamousbasketballclub.7.ThecharmingcityofCharlestonisripe______exploringevenduringthecoldwinter.8.Ifyouputyourwetclothes______theshade,itwilltakealongtimetodrythemoff.9.Afterthepresidentresigned______thegovernment,thecountrywithdrewalltheexpertsprovidingaid.10.Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility_____savingtheirenvironment.答案：1.of2.in3.as4.to5.privileged6.with7.for8.in9.from10.for四、核心素養(yǎng)對(duì)接高考1.WhileIwaswaitingforthebusIsawahomelesspersoncarryingasign①_______saidhewouldlikeacupofcoffee.AssoonasIreadit,Iknewthistaskwasmeantforme.Ijoyfullyranacrossthestreet,②_______(think)thatgettinghimacupofcoffeewouldbegreat.I③_______(buy)thecoffeeandapproachedhimslowly.ThecloserIgot,themorejoyinhiseyesIcouldsee.WhenIhandedhimthehotcoffee,I④_______(simple)said"Thisisforyou."Icouldseesomuchjoyinhisfaceandevenatear.Hekeptthankingme,holdinghiscoffeelikethe⑤_______(big)treasureinhislife.Itmademecrytoseethatasimpleactof⑥_______(kind)couldbringsomuchjoytoothers.Iwalkedbacktomybusstop,andwhenthebusdriveropenedthedoorandIwanted⑦_(dá)______(pay)thebusfare,hewavedmeandsaidithadtouchedhishearttoseemegivingawaythatcupofcoffeeand⑧_______thefarewasonhim.This⑨_______(amaze)momentwarmedmyheartanditgavemydayandmylife⑩_______newstart.Itbringsmesuchjoytoloveandshare.2.Wastingfoodhasbeeabigprobleminthedevelopedworld.Whilesomepeopletherethrowawayunwantedfood,peopleinother

①_______(part)oftheworldfacefoodshortages.It’san

②_______(astonish)factthatathirdoftheworld’sfoodiswastedeachyear,whichisenough

③_______(feed)abillionhungrypeople.Mostofthewastedfood

④_______(bury)inthelandfill(垃圾填埋場(chǎng))sites.⑤_______(unlucky),thiscausesgreenhousegaseswhicheventuallyleadtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.InDenmark,agirlcalledSelinaJuulhasbeenworkinghardtodealwith

⑥_______problem.Shethinkspeopleshouldn’twastefood,⑦_(dá)______richtheyare.Shepersuadedsomesupermarketstostop⑧_______(sell)theiritems(物品)inquantitysothatpeopleboughtonlywhattheyneeded.Also,sheproducedaleftoverscookbookandsetupaneducationprograminschools,⑨_______foodwastewasrathermon.Nowtheeffectsarequitenoticeable.Clearly,weneedtothink

⑩_______(two)whenweputsomethinginourshoppingbasket,andweshouldmakethemostofthefoodwehave—useupourleftoversorevenshareourextrafoodwithourfriendsandneighbors.3.YearsagoIwroteanarticleaboutvolunteering.Ihopedtoseemorestudentsdovolunteerwork,whetherit'stohelp①_______(education)poorchildren,visitsickoldpeopleinthehospital,②_______anythingelsethatinvolvedgivingtimetomakeoursociety③_______(good).Manypeoplewhoreadthearticle④_______(write)backtotellmeabout⑤_______(they)ownvolunteerwork.Ialsogetemailsfromstudentsaskingforadvice

⑥_______howtosetupprogrammes."TeachforAmerica"isanexampleof⑦_(dá)______averydeterminedpersoncan⑧_______(large)makeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.Inthisprogrammestudentsvolunteertogotothepoorestschoolstohelpteachyoungstudents.Theyare⑨_______(pay)justenoughmoneytolive.Itseemstobeawonderfulprogramme⑩_______ithelpsbringsuccessfulyoungpeopletoeducatethepoorestchildren.AnditteachestheseuniversitystudentsaboutsomeproblemsinAmerica.1.答案：

①that/which②thinking③bought④simply⑤biggest⑥kindness⑦topay⑧that⑨amazing⑩a

解析：that/which考查定語(yǔ)從句。本句為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞sign且先行詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)，指物，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which，故填that/which。thinking考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我高興地跑過(guò)街道，心想給他倒杯咖啡就好了。本句已經(jīng)存在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ran且句中沒(méi)有連詞，故think只能做非謂語(yǔ)與邏輯主語(yǔ)I構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填thinking。bought考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文并列謂語(yǔ)andapproached可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填bought。simply考查副詞。say為動(dòng)詞，需要副詞修飾，故填simply。biggest考查形容詞。句意：他不停地感謝我，拿著他的咖啡，就像他生命中最珍貴的東西。根據(jù)下文inhislife范圍為生命中，所以此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)，故填biggest。kindness考查名詞。句意：看到一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的善舉就能給別人帶來(lái)如此多的快樂(lè)，我哭了。根據(jù)上文actof名詞所有格可知此處需要名詞，故填kindness。topay考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。wanttodosth.固定短語(yǔ)，"想要做某事"后跟不定式，故填topay。that考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：他向我揮了揮手，說(shuō)看到我把那杯咖啡送人讓他很感動(dòng)，而且說(shuō)車(chē)費(fèi)由他付。當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句由并列連詞連接時(shí)，除第一個(gè)從句中that可以省略外，其它從句中的that不能省略，這里ithadtouchedhishearttoseemegivingawaythatcupofcoffee已經(jīng)是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，that已經(jīng)省略，第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句thefarewasonhim則必須要加引導(dǎo)詞that，不能省略。故填that。amazing考查形容詞。moment為名詞，指"時(shí)刻"，所以需要ing結(jié)尾的形容詞修飾，故填amazing。a考查冠詞。句意：這個(gè)令人驚奇的時(shí)刻溫暖了我的心，它給了我一天和我的生活一個(gè)新的開(kāi)始。start為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指"一個(gè)新開(kāi)始"應(yīng)用不定冠詞，故填a。2.答案：①parts②astonishing③tofeed④isburied⑤Unluckily⑥