定語和定語從句定語本質(zhì)：修飾限定對名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制或說明，一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞及句子等充當(dāng)，位置可在所修飾的詞之前，也可在所修飾的詞之后。Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thegirlinredishissister.Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Doyouhavetimetohelpus?Thisisthebook(which)youwant.單個的詞做定語放在被修飾詞之前；短語或句子作定語放在被修飾詞之后(后置定語）。定語從句定義定語從句是修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句，即由一個句子來充當(dāng)定語。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。分類（一）限制性定語從句：與先行詞關(guān)系密切。如果去掉定語從句，主句不完整，與先行詞之間無逗號。Heaskedmeaquestionwhichwasaboutmystudyatschool.（二）非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用。如果刪除，主句意義仍然完整，與先行詞之間有逗號。MyauntAlice,whomIhaven'tseenforyears,isingnextmonth.用法（一）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞功能用法一覽表（原理,牢記!!）關(guān)系代詞（指代的）先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜ho人主語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語whose（+n）人的或物的定語as主語、賓語溫馨提示:定語從句剖析方法，先行詞用下劃線去標(biāo)記，定語從句通常用小括號去標(biāo)記哦。1、關(guān)系代詞who用法who在定語從句中作主語，指人。Theboy（whoisplayingbasketball）iscalledJim先行詞定語從句關(guān)系代詞who作主語。例：ThemanwhowantstoseeyouisHuGe.Themanissmokingismydad.2、關(guān)系代詞whom用法whom在定語從句中作賓語，指人。可省略Thegirl(whomItalkedwithjustnow)ismysister.先行詞定語從句關(guān)系代詞whom作talkedwith賓語練：甄子丹是我最喜愛的功夫明星。ZhenZidan（甄子丹）isakungfustarIlovemost.3、關(guān)系代詞which用法which在定語從句中作主語或賓語，指物。作賓語時，可以省略。例：Haveyoureadthebook（that/whichIgaveyouyesterday）?先行詞定語從句關(guān)系代詞that/which作gave的直接賓語練：你看過吳京制作的電影戰(zhàn)狼2嗎？HaveyouseethefilmWolfwarrior2wasmadebyWuJin.4、關(guān)系代詞that用法that在定語從句中作主語或賓語，既可指人，也可指物。作賓語時，可以省略。例：Batisananimal(whichcarriesmanykindsofdeadlyvirusesonitsbody).蝙蝠是一種身上攜帶多種致命病毒的動物。練：我昨晚看的電影名字叫做流浪地球。ThefilmIsawlastnightiscalledTheWanderingEarth注意：只用that不用which的場合：①先行詞既為人又為物時；②先行詞被序數(shù)詞詞或形容詞最高級修飾時；③先行詞是all,much,little,everything,nothing.anything等不定代詞時；④先行詞被only,very,little,all等修飾時?！炯磿r訓(xùn)練】用關(guān)系代詞that或which填空。1.Heistheonlyman__________Icanfindforthework.2.ThefirstEnglishnovel__________IreadwasGoneWithWind.3.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames_______Ihaveeverseen.5、關(guān)系代詞whose用法whose指“人的”或“物的”，在定語從句中做定語（誰的n）。例：Iwanttohaveahousewhosewindowsfacethesee.我想擁有一個（房子的）窗戶面朝大海的房子。練：我有一個老爸是警察的朋友。Ihaveafriendfatherisapoliceman.注：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞whose指代物時可以用“ofwhich”替換。I’dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.=I’dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=I’dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.關(guān)系代詞as用法(1)as用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，作從句的主語、賓語，用于such…as…,so…as…,thesame…as…句型(注意thesame…as…強(qiáng)調(diào)“和……是同一類”；thesame…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)“和……是同一個”)。LosAngelesissuchanattractiveplaceaseveryonelikestovisit.Mypenismissing.I’dliketobuythesamepenasIlost.（同一類）Jennyissohappy,forshehasfoundthesamepenthatshelostyesterday.（同一個）(2)as用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，位于主句的前、中、后，強(qiáng)調(diào)前后邏輯一致，表示“正如……”，從句多含有see,know,expect,tell,report等動詞；asweallknow=asisknowntoall眾所周知asisexpected／reported／announced正如所預(yù)料／報道／公布的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore正如前面所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的asisoftenthecase……是常有事Hewonfirstprize,asisexpected.Thereisnosimpleanswer,asisoftenthecaseinscience.練習(xí)：用正確的關(guān)系代詞填空（who/whom/that/which/whose/as）1.Thegentle____________manyoutoldmeaboutyesterdayprovedtobeathief.2.Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.3.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,____________leadingactorisworldfamous?4.____________weallknow,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth.5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.(二）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞通常是表示時間、地點以及thereason的名詞，在從句中只作狀語（非主干成分）。關(guān)系副詞功能用法一覽表（熟悉）關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜hen表示時間的n時間狀語where表示地點的n地點狀語whyThereason原因狀語例：Canyoutellmethedate(whenyouwereborn)?Canyoutellmetheplace（whereyouwereborn）?Thereason（whyIlikeplayingbasketball）isthatIwanttobeabasketballplayer【溫馨提示】關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+which/whom"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例:Theschoolwhere(=inwhich)IamstudyingnowisPeiyingMiddleschool.Iwillrememberforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)youfirstmetme.Canyoutellmethereasonwhy(=forwhich)youhateJapanese?【實例分析】我依然記得我第一次上學(xué)的那一天。Istillrememberthefirstday（Iwenttoschool）.【思路點撥】通過句意理解，先行詞為thefirstday,表示時間。后面的句子Iwenttoschool是定語從句修飾先行詞。且這個句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上是完整的，因此這里的關(guān)系詞只能添關(guān)系副詞when。用正確的關(guān)系副詞（when/where/why）填空。Tellmethereasonyouarelateagain.DoyouknowthedaythePRC(中華人民共和國)wassetup.3.Selfdriving

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startingline.解題法寶定語從句確定關(guān)系詞三部曲（靈魂）第一步：確定先行詞（先行詞下劃線）第二步：確定定語從句（將定語從句用括號括出來）第三步：看定語從句在結(jié)構(gòu)上是否完整？完整，填關(guān)系副詞。不完整，填關(guān)系代詞。全優(yōu)課堂P18針對練習(xí)1．Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.2．Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain，________madehisteacherveryangry.3．Thisisthesamedictionary________Ilostlastweek.4．Theyoungmanhadanewgirlfriend，______hewantedtomakeanimpressionon.5．LastSundaytheyreachedNanjing，______aconferencewastobeheld.6．Hisbestmovie，_______wonseveralawards，wasaboutthelifeofGandhi.綜合練習(xí)1. Mostofushavevisitedthesite__________thefirstNationalCongressofthePartywas held.2. Itisthebestfilm__________I’veeverseenbefore.3. Couldyoupleasegivethereason__________warmwaterfreezesfasterthancold water?4. Couldyoutellmetheyear__________Chinafirstsentthemanmadesatelliteinto space?5. ZaiZhigangisthefirstChinese__________walkedinspace.6. Ihavegotthesamedictionary__________myteachershowedmelastweek.高考真題1.（2021，新高考二卷）IdecidedthatifIlearnedofapany_________usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.2.（2022，新高考一卷）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.3.（2022，全國甲卷）Onthe1,100kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,__________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.4.（2023，全國乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace__________welesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.5.（2023，全國甲卷）“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,__________alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyageoldfables.6.（2024，新高考一卷）6.（2024，新高考一卷）TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thes