摘 要隨著我國建筑業(yè)智能化和數(shù)字化的腳步逐漸加快，以及社會對于建筑異常振動和地震動研究與評估的重視，基于無線智能振動傳感器的結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)是未來發(fā)展的主要方向。目前國內(nèi)外對于無線智能傳感器的研究開發(fā)仍處于發(fā)展階段，無法大規(guī)模應(yīng)用，因此本文針對一款新型無線智能振動傳感器進(jìn)行檢測，判斷其用于結(jié)構(gòu)振動監(jiān)測的可行性以及基于該智能振動傳感器對新疆某一建筑進(jìn)行振動監(jiān)測，并根據(jù)振動數(shù)據(jù)對該建筑進(jìn)行SSICOV模態(tài)分析和基于SAUSG的彈塑性分析，分析建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的自振頻率和振型等模態(tài)參數(shù)以及判斷結(jié)構(gòu)的抗震性能。關(guān)鍵詞：無線智能振動傳感器，模態(tài)分析，彈塑性分析AbstractWiththegradualaccelerationofthepaceofintelligentizationanddigitizationinChina'sconstructionindustry,aswellastheimportancethatsocietyattachestotheresearchandevaluationofabnormalvibrationandgroundvibrationinbuildings,thestructuralhealthmonitoringsystembasedonwirelessintelligentvibrationsensorsisthemaindirectionforfuturedevelopment.Atpresent,theresearchanddevelopmentofwirelessintelligentsensorsathomeandabroadarestillinthedevelopmentstageandcannotbeappliedonalargescale.Therefore,thispaperexaminesanewwirelessintelligentvibrationsensortodetermineitsfeasibilityforstructuralvibrationmonitoringaswellasvibrationmonitoringofabuildinginXinjiangbasedontheintelligentvibrationsensor,andcarriesoutaSSICOVmodalanalysisandanelastic-plasticanalysisbasedonSAUSGforthebuildingbasedonthevibrationdata.Basedonthevibrationdata,thebuildingwassubjectedtoSSICOVmodalanalysisandSAUSG-basedelastic-plasticanalysistoanalyzethemodalparameterssuchasself-oscillationfrequencyandvibrationmodeofthebuildingstructureandtodeterminetheseismicperformanceofthestructure.Keywords:WirelessIntelligentVibrationSensors,ModalAnalysis,Elastic-plasticAnalysis

緒論研究背景及意義建筑行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展土木工程是一門涉及設(shè)計(jì)、建造和維護(hù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和建筑物的工程學(xué)科，對現(xiàn)代社會的發(fā)展和持續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起著至關(guān)重要的作用，是國家建設(shè)與發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。建筑業(yè)作為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)的作用不斷增強(qiáng)，為促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、緩解社會就業(yè)壓力、推進(jìn)新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)、保障和改善人民生活、決勝全面建成小康社會做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。建筑業(yè)是我國建設(shè)與發(fā)展的基石，目前仍處于大力發(fā)展的階段。我國城鎮(zhèn)化水平已達(dá)66%ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"lxnAguOi","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[1]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[1]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":327,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/MBPEUFA9"],"itemData":{"id":327,"type":"document","title":"王萍萍：人口總量有所下降人口高質(zhì)量發(fā)展取得成效_中國經(jīng)濟(jì)網(wǎng)——國家經(jīng)濟(jì)門戶.html"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[1]且仍在逐步提高，未來建筑業(yè)預(yù)期也將處于持續(xù)發(fā)展階段ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"b3eTZMNf","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[2,3]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[2,3]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":328,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/QH9PNUPE"],"itemData":{"id":328,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"基于翔實(shí)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，對2021年中國建筑業(yè)發(fā)展的總體狀況進(jìn)行了分析。包括對建筑業(yè)增加值與國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值、建筑業(yè)總產(chǎn)值、建筑業(yè)從業(yè)人數(shù)與企業(yè)數(shù)量、勞動生產(chǎn)率、利潤總額與產(chǎn)值利潤率、簽訂合同總額與新簽合同額、房屋建筑施工面積與竣工面積、對外承包工程等方面的分析?？偨Y(jié)出2021年中國建筑業(yè)在建筑業(yè)總產(chǎn)值、新簽合同額、跨省完成產(chǎn)值、從業(yè)人數(shù)與勞動生產(chǎn)率等4個方面的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)。","container-title":"工程管理學(xué)報(bào)","DOI":"10.13991/ki.jem.2022.02.001","ISSN":"1674-8859","issue":"2","language":"中文;","note":"35citations(CNKI)[2024-4-1]","page":"1-5","source":"CNKI","title":"2021年建筑業(yè)發(fā)展統(tǒng)計(jì)分析","URL":"/kcms2/article/abstract?v=S8jPpdFxNHj3zWFa8CGCOe8GN6mbRDSF-yl5Zm1PoNUz2YSH5GihST0904ZdJVyexBIS8nm3WsMv131YAYyJzvOTODEizLSMJhpwgudGZqlSFioMdA5JcTtXQH83HgC6&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=gb","volume":"36","author":[{"family":"趙峰","given":""},{"family":"王要武","given":""},{"family":"金玲","given":""},{"family":"李曉東","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]}}},{"id":168,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/LI83Z58P"],"itemData":{"id":168,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"<正>2022年是黨和國家發(fā)展史上極為重要的一年。黨的二十大勝利召開,以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全黨全國各族人民,統(tǒng)籌疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展,有效應(yīng)對超預(yù)期因素沖擊,經(jīng)濟(jì)社會大局保持穩(wěn)定。全國建筑業(yè)堅(jiān)決貫徹黨中央、國務(wù)院決策部署,大力推進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)型升級,建筑業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展取得新成效,為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展提供了重要支撐。","call-number":"11-1405/TU","container-title":"建筑","ISSN":"0577-7429","issue":"3","language":"中文;","page":"98-106","title":"2022年我國建筑業(yè)發(fā)展統(tǒng)計(jì)分析","author":[{"family":"趙峰","given":""},{"family":"王要武","given":""},{"family":"金玲","given":""},{"family":"李曉東","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]}},"label":"page"}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[2,3]。如圖1-1，從統(tǒng)計(jì)局公開數(shù)據(jù)中可看出，我國建筑業(yè)近年生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)值穩(wěn)步增長ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"rWyy7TeP","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[4\\uc0\\u8211{}7]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[4–7]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":57,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/FYJFU8QR"],"itemData":{"id":57,"type":"document","title":"2020年四季度和全年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）初步核算結(jié)果-國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局.html"},"label":"page"},{"id":58,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/HFCY3VUL"],"itemData":{"id":58,"type":"document","title":"2021年四季度和全年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）初步核算結(jié)果-國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局.html"},"label":"page"},{"id":59,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/YYK8S8UT"],"itemData":{"id":59,"type":"document","title":"國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局關(guān)于2022年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值最終核實(shí)的公告_部門動態(tài)_中國政府網(wǎng).html"},"label":"page"},{"id":8,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/I6LEC5UY"],"itemData":{"id":8,"type":"document","title":"2023年四季度和全年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值初步核算結(jié)果-國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局.html"},"label":"page"}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[4–7]，2023年我國建筑業(yè)全年生產(chǎn)總值比上年同期增長7.1%ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"app5niflrk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[7]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[7]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":8,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/I6LEC5UY"],"itemData":{"id":8,"type":"document","title":"2023年四季度和全年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值初步核算結(jié)果-國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局.html"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[7]，從2021年開始我國建筑業(yè)產(chǎn)值增長速度在快速提高。表STYLEREF5\s1SEQ表\*ARABIC\s51我國2019-2023年我國建筑業(yè)增長ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"pV7kA9pJ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[8]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[8]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":312,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/2QPPQN2Q"],"itemData":{"id":312,"type":"document","title":"中華人民共和國2023年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展統(tǒng)計(jì)公報(bào).html"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[8] 在相關(guān)政策上，雖然由于我國房地產(chǎn)政策的調(diào)整，房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)目前處于下滑趨勢ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"WXujP2YG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[9]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[9]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/CBPXI7UL"],"itemData":{"id":7,"type":"document","title":"2023年全國房地產(chǎn)市場基本情況-國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局.html"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[9]，但我國建筑業(yè)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)仍占據(jù)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要位置，并且根據(jù)“十四五”建筑業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"lokSiwX8","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[10]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[10]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":60,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/6RZFQTEE"],"itemData":{"id":60,"type":"document","title":"“十四五”建筑業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃.pdf"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[10]，全國建筑業(yè)總產(chǎn)值年均增長率需保持在合理區(qū)間，建筑業(yè)增加值占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重保持在6%左右，也即是說國家在建筑業(yè)上保持大力支持的態(tài)度。同時(shí)，根據(jù)“十四五”規(guī)劃，我國建筑業(yè)需完成技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型，加快發(fā)展智能建造，夯實(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和數(shù)字化基礎(chǔ)，我國建筑業(yè)重心將逐步由建造轉(zhuǎn)向維護(hù)與監(jiān)測，而振動監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)可以為我國建筑業(yè)提供準(zhǔn)確參數(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)支持，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑業(yè)數(shù)字化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、工業(yè)化的腳步，振動監(jiān)測不僅是建筑維護(hù)階段不可或缺的技術(shù)手段，也是研究地震動強(qiáng)有力的手段，為建筑結(jié)構(gòu)抗震設(shè)計(jì)以及震后評估提供地震動數(shù)據(jù)支持，綜上可得振動監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)對于我國建筑業(yè)的發(fā)展具有重要意義。建筑異常振動以及地震的危害與案例建筑振動是指建筑結(jié)構(gòu)在外界激勵下(如人員流動、風(fēng)荷載、地震動等)而產(chǎn)生振動響應(yīng)的過程。建筑有感異常振動為振動幅度達(dá)到人體可感知的范圍且振動源不明確的振動，產(chǎn)生的原因?yàn)橥饨缂畹哪芰款l率與建筑固有頻率接近，從而產(chǎn)生了共振。此類異常振動事件往往會導(dǎo)致大面積的人員恐慌，造成直接或間接的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，不及時(shí)處理可能會降低建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性。近年建筑異常振動事件頻頻發(fā)生且影響嚴(yán)重，近年國內(nèi)影響最大的異常振動事件為賽格事件，2021年5月18日中午時(shí)段，位于廣東省深圳市的賽格大廈發(fā)生顯著異常振動，賽格大廈高72層，355.8米，樓內(nèi)人員稱明顯感到大樓搖擺ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"kfzBtPh5","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[11]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[11]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":61,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/M8G2T9PV"],"itemData":{"id":61,"type":"document","title":"深圳賽格廣場大樓發(fā)生晃動無人員傷亡_新聞_央視網(wǎng)().html"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[11]，物業(yè)單位緊急疏散樓內(nèi)人員近一萬五千人，事件現(xiàn)場如圖11(a)~(c)所示。事件發(fā)生后，專家組迅速介入，根據(jù)全樓監(jiān)測等方面表明建筑各方向的振動信號頻譜均存在2.12Hz的異常能量頻段，兩個月后最終確定是頂層的桅桿風(fēng)致渦激共振導(dǎo)致全樓共振ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"U0m8CPln","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[12]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[12]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":33,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/NG3JR68B"],"itemData":{"id":33,"type":"document","title":"賽格廣場大廈樓頂雙桅桿結(jié)構(gòu)的風(fēng)致高階渦振分析_黃銘楓.pdf"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[12]ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"kUA7DX2W","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[13]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[13]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":67,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/4TXJ29Z4"],"itemData":{"id":67,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"在大型復(fù)雜工程結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場模態(tài)測試時(shí)，由于結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)模體量大并存在空間隔斷，導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)采集設(shè)備與傳感器之間快速布設(shè)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸線困難。因此，有必要解決不同位置分布式同步采集設(shè)備時(shí)間精確同步問題，研發(fā)易于快速安裝的分布式數(shù)據(jù)采集和無線傳輸設(shè)備。為此，提出基于“北斗”衛(wèi)星授時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)振動分布式同步采集算法，集成分布式同步采集硬件與研發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)在線采集和無線傳輸軟件，獲取大型復(fù)雜工程結(jié)構(gòu)不同空間位置時(shí)間同步動態(tài)響應(yīng)，基于隨機(jī)子空間算法自動識別工程結(jié)構(gòu)服役狀態(tài)下真實(shí)的模態(tài)參數(shù)。在賽格大廈振動事件溯源工作中，該系統(tǒng)成功捕捉到5月20日12:00—13:00結(jié)構(gòu)共振時(shí)第69層與桅桿底部的加速度響應(yīng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)四次共振均以頻率2.12Hz振動主導(dǎo)?；谠撓到y(tǒng)在環(huán)境激勵條件下的現(xiàn)場模態(tài)測試，識別結(jié)構(gòu)前19階動力學(xué)參數(shù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)頻率2.12Hz是主體結(jié)構(gòu)彎扭耦合和桅桿面內(nèi)對稱振動模態(tài)。基于現(xiàn)場激振測試識別頻率2.12Hz對應(yīng)的阻尼比，發(fā)現(xiàn)阻尼比隨著振幅的增加突然減小然后逐步增加，較低的阻尼比是導(dǎo)致賽格大廈發(fā)生共振的原因之一。","container-title":"建筑結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)報(bào)","DOI":"10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2022.0050","ISSN":"1000-6869","issue":"10","language":"中文;","note":"12citations(CNKI)[2024-2-29]","page":"76-84","source":"CNKI","title":"基于分布式同步采集的賽格大廈結(jié)構(gòu)動力學(xué)參數(shù)識別","URL":"/kcms2/article/abstract?v=1TlORdBtwpYtDGUcs2iTnVpbp5vOYIfs9XbAfPvY8i_uamAj1G3pcC9sVbW2wnUH_uJamevTgFo5N_KhOmObXn21FPQSpb28AGQx0X_MkKx3FRL0TxsNvg16iwcHcZly&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=gb","volume":"43","author":[{"family":"胡衛(wèi)華","given":""},{"family":"唐德徽","given":""},{"family":"李俊燕","given":""},{"family":"徐增茂","given":""},{"family":"王宇超","given":""},{"family":"盧偉","given":""},{"family":"李祚華","given":""},{"family":"滕軍","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[13]。經(jīng)歷了近四個月的振動溯源及原位測試后，最終賽格大廈于同年9月8日拆除桅桿后陸續(xù)恢復(fù)使用。賽格大廈作為世界最高的鋼管混凝土架構(gòu)大廈以及深圳市福田區(qū)的地標(biāo)建筑，該異常振動事件導(dǎo)致公司年度經(jīng)營損失5500萬元[12]以及社會對于超高層建筑安全性的恐慌。無獨(dú)有偶，同年1月20日，韓國首爾首爾城東區(qū)的超高層商住兩用建筑AcroSeoulForest大樓發(fā)生建筑晃動現(xiàn)象，經(jīng)專家調(diào)查后確認(rèn)原因?yàn)榻ㄖ?樓的某舞蹈團(tuán)體多人共舞產(chǎn)生共振，最終經(jīng)專家組織建筑安裝降低振動水平的振動控制器后大樓才陸續(xù)恢復(fù)使用。(a)深圳賽格大廈(b)緊急疏散樓內(nèi)商戶疏散(c)振動源為頂層桅桿圖STYLEREF5\s1SEQ圖\*ARABIC\s51賽格大廈異常振動事件 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)由于始終處于外部復(fù)雜激勵的影響，產(chǎn)生不同的振動響應(yīng)，結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生不可見的微裂縫，隨著時(shí)間的推移，微裂縫的擴(kuò)展導(dǎo)致構(gòu)件逐漸劣化，建筑的自振頻率也會因此而改變。當(dāng)建筑由于外部原因出現(xiàn)共振現(xiàn)象時(shí)，可能導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)加速損壞并影響建筑的正常使用。建筑出現(xiàn)異常振動原因多樣、溯源困難、振動類型復(fù)雜，大多數(shù)建筑有感異常振動事件需要耗費(fèi)大量人力物力才能完成振動源定位于振動類型識別，且由于缺乏必要的監(jiān)測手段甚至無法確定振動原因與振動類型，從而留下安全隱患。根據(jù)調(diào)研，國內(nèi)外有據(jù)可查的建筑有感異常振動事件如表11所示。表STYLEREF5\s1SEQ表\*ARABIC\s52近年建筑有感異常振動事件匯總年份建筑信息事件影響振動源定位振動源振動類型2007廣東某高校宿舍ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"lmp3CpfY","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[14]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[14]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":257,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/RRY3ELE3"],"itemData":{"id":257,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"對廣州某宿舍樓的晃動現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了分析,通過現(xiàn)場調(diào)研和采用微震觀測設(shè)備檢測分析后指出:由于該樓房主供水管道在供水時(shí)的管道振動頻率與宿舍樓自振頻率接近,從而引起共振現(xiàn)象,導(dǎo)致了樓體的搖晃,并提出了解決該樓房晃動的方法。最后得出結(jié)論:當(dāng)建筑物的自振周期與幾個振源相同或接近時(shí),建筑物會發(fā)生晃動,可以通過改變建筑物的自振頻率或振源的振動頻率,避免共振的發(fā)生。","container-title":"工程抗震與加固改造","DOI":"10.16226/j.issn.1002-8412.2009.02.019","ISSN":"1002-8412","issue":"2","language":"中文;","note":"4citations(CNKI)[2024-2-29]","page":"76-78","source":"CNKI","title":"內(nèi)部干擾引起某宿舍樓共振分析","URL":"/kcms2/article/abstract?v=1TlORdBtwpaWuw1yUhrxDrMIYTrwuXCfwvbRJoraH7Rd2eCU7yUOWlkZRUKWO0IeojIcB2ourWpqFnlqR3juCBIRosBw-fnaWpcyoCDUaU5kZDMVxlJI9A==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=gb","volume":"31","author":[{"family":"伏煥昌","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[14]人員恐慌建筑內(nèi)供水管道機(jī)械振動2011韓國首爾ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"Sp3EQeEU","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[15]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[15]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":65,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/MH54I36Q"],"itemData":{"id":65,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Inthispaper,the?eldvibrationmeasurementtestshavebeenconductedforinvestigatingtheexactcausesoftheabnormalvibrationaccidentwhichoccurredonlastJuly5,2011inTechnoMart,a39storysteelbuildingstructure.Theverticalaccelerationsofthebuilding?oorsweremeasuredunderthe4Dmovie-theateroperationandhumanrhythmicmovementsina?tnesscenterwhichwereestimatedasonesofthevibrationsources.From?eldtests,itcouldbeidenti?edthatthebuildinghasglobalverticalvibrationmodeof2.7Hznaturalfrequencyandhumangrouprhythmicmovementshavingfrequencycomponentmainlycloseto2.7Hzina?tnesscentercausedtheresonanceoftheverticalmode.Especially,thefactthattheidenti?eddampingratiooftheverticalmodebyobservingthefreevibrationresponseafterthehumangroupexcitationwasjust0.3%,impliesthatresponseampli?cationcouldbesosigni?cantthatonly23peoplecouldexcitethe39storybuildinghavingthetotalmassof30thousandsofmetrictonmovegloballyupanddown.Tunedmassdamper(TMD)isbeingconsideredasameasureforkeepthisresonancebyaddingdampingtothebuilding.TheTMDdesignresultsshowsthattheaccelerationlevelresultingfromthesamehumanexcitationcanbereducedtoonefourthofthatofthebuildingwithoutTMD.","container-title":"EngineeringStructures","DOI":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.09.035","ISSN":"01410296","journalAbbreviation":"EngineeringStructures","language":"en","page":"296-305","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Globalverticalmodevibrationsduetohumangrouprhythmicmovementina39storybuildingstructure","URL":"/retrieve/pii/S0141029613004471","volume":"57","author":[{"family":"Lee","given":"Sang-Hyun"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Kyung-Koo"},{"family":"Woo","given":"Sung-Sik"},{"family":"Cho","given":"Seung-Ho"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,29]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",12]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[15]TechnoMart大廈人員恐慌多日封鎖檢測建筑12層健身館人體振動2012上海市某12層住宅ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"DgebC2Jw","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[16]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[16]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":255,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/3YSGA884"],"itemData":{"id":255,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"針對某高層剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的振動問題,對引起房屋振動的振源進(jìn)行分析,建立房屋結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元模型。并對該高層住宅進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場振動測試,實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)在頻域內(nèi)的分析表明房屋的振動是因結(jié)構(gòu)的共振效應(yīng)引起。利用實(shí)測結(jié)構(gòu)振動在時(shí)域內(nèi)的響應(yīng),結(jié)合煩惱率模型,將基于煩惱率模型的建筑物振動評價(jià)分析結(jié)果與使用振動評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所得的結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,分析表明傳統(tǒng)的評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)得出的結(jié)果與現(xiàn)場居民感受不符,而基于煩惱率模型的評價(jià)結(jié)果與現(xiàn)場居民感受相符,可以作為類似問題的參考。并建議在房屋結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)考慮周邊環(huán)境振動的影響。","container-title":"建筑結(jié)構(gòu)","DOI":"10.19701/j.jzjg.2012.09.020","ISSN":"1002-848X","issue":"9","language":"中文;","note":"3citations(CNKI)[2024-2-29]","page":"86-89","source":"CNKI","title":"某高層住宅振動分析及評價(jià)","URL":"/kcms2/article/abstract?v=1TlORdBtwpY473ZjYxLPI3nQR69Q6hrUwtjyVnGUu8SwTNaDf3MDC9kVV5dN_PnrJmo1eq2M8zcazG45fj1n1ck1ykazllJA29MnVwW4oUmS6z03igvkQg==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=gb","volume":"42","author":[{"family":"李敏鋒","given":""},{"family":"金國芳","given":""},{"family":"汪守創(chuàng)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jì)造成69227人遇難、17923人失蹤，受災(zāi)總?cè)丝谶_(dá)4625.6萬人，直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失8451.4億元，其中建筑和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施大量損毀，這是建國以來最嚴(yán)重的一次地震災(zāi)害。地震所帶來的災(zāi)害會對社會產(chǎn)生巨大影響，造成巨大的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失和人員傷亡，而地震造成的房屋倒塌是其危害的主要原因。針對地震中的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的研究能為房屋建筑的抗震性能提供參考依據(jù)，而評估地震后建筑的受損情況也是災(zāi)后重要一環(huán)。因此，針對地震開展振動監(jiān)測具有明顯的社會效益與重要意義。綜上所述，無論是建筑異常振動還是地震動方面，開發(fā)針對建筑結(jié)構(gòu)振動監(jiān)測的系統(tǒng)能極大促進(jìn)建筑振動和地震方面的研究，并且緩解繁重的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)普查工作。研究現(xiàn)狀結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(StructuralHealthMonitoring，SHM)是持續(xù)監(jiān)測結(jié)構(gòu)在外界激勵下的結(jié)構(gòu)響應(yīng)的過程，隨著結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)性能需求的提高以及舒適性和安全性的重視程度不斷提升，對建筑開展結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測成為當(dāng)今社會的重要需求。由于振動信號能較好的反映建筑結(jié)構(gòu)響應(yīng)，因此基于智能傳感器開展結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測成為主流方案?；谥悄軅鞲衅鞯慕Y(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測與評估包括無線監(jiān)測節(jié)點(diǎn)與監(jiān)測評估兩部分，其中監(jiān)測評估主要為模態(tài)分析和彈塑性分析，以下將對無線監(jiān)測節(jié)點(diǎn)、模態(tài)分析以及彈塑性分析三部分進(jìn)行國內(nèi)外調(diào)研。振動監(jiān)測領(lǐng)域研究現(xiàn)狀振動監(jiān)測硬件節(jié)點(diǎn)通過傳感器將建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的振動信號轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號，分析數(shù)字信號可得到建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)參數(shù)，從而監(jiān)測異常振動的發(fā)生以及分析異常振動的成因和類型。為明確振動監(jiān)測硬件節(jié)點(diǎn)在振動監(jiān)測領(lǐng)域的研究現(xiàn)狀和局限性，本小節(jié)調(diào)研土木工程領(lǐng)域監(jiān)測硬件節(jié)點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)框架、性能指標(biāo)、應(yīng)用效果等情況。1998年，土木工程領(lǐng)域中對結(jié)構(gòu)的健康監(jiān)測已然成為活躍話題，PinesADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"bGkif1SY","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[19]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[19]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":314,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/R2E7VCKK"],"itemData":{"id":314,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Recentadvancesinsmartmaterialsandstructuressensortechnologyoffermanyuniqueopportunitiestoassessthestructuralintegrityoflargecivilstructures.However,theremoteoperationalenvironmentoflargecivilstructures,suchashighways,buildingsandbridges,makescondition-basedhealthmonitoringfordamageassessmentdif?cultintheeventofanaturaldisaster.Duringsuchdisasters,electricalpowerislostandcellularphonelinesareunderheavyusage.Thislimitstheretrievalofveryimportantsensordata.However,recentrulingsbytheFederalCommunicationCommissioncoupledwithadvancesinwirelesscommunicationproductshavenowmadeitpossibletocircumventexistingwiredandcellularinfrastructuretoretrievedatafromsmartsensorsremotelyandmoreeconomically.Thispaperdiscussesanovelapproachusingsmartsensorsandwirelesscommunicationtechnologytomonitorthehealthoflargecivilstructuresremotely.Speci?cally,aremotehealthmonitoringsystemforlargecivilstructuresisdevelopedusingspreadspectrumwirelessmodems,datacommunicationsoftwareandconventionalstrainsensors.Thissystemisusedtomonitortheloadsonalaboratorytestspecimenwithaboltedlapjointfromasfarawayasonemile.Commandsareissuedfromanotebookpersonalcomputertoinstructthehealthmonitoringsystemtoeitherexcitethestructureoracquiredatafromsensorsmountedexternallytothestructure.Datafrommeasurementsmadeonthestructurearethentransmittedwirelesslybacktoanotebookcomputerforprocessingandanalysisusingdamagedetectionalgorithms.","container-title":"SmartMaterialsandStructures","DOI":"10.1088/0964-1726/7/5/007","ISSN":"0964-1726,1361-665X","issue":"5","journalAbbreviation":"SmartMater.Struct.","language":"en","page":"627-636","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Conceptualframeworkofaremotewirelesshealthmonitoringsystemforlargecivilstructures","URL":"/article/10.1088/0964-1726/7/5/007","volume":"7","author":[{"family":"Pines","given":"DarryllJ"},{"family":"Lovell","given":"PhilipA"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,20]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["1998",10,1]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[19]等開發(fā)了一款用于土木結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測的軟硬件結(jié)合的無線智能監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，通過硬件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集和保存，軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的分析和管理，該系統(tǒng)使用無線調(diào)制解調(diào)器實(shí)現(xiàn)長距離無線數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，通過電腦接收數(shù)據(jù)并進(jìn)行損壞情況評估。該無線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)顛覆了傳統(tǒng)的有線監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡(luò)，逐漸成為結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測領(lǐng)域中的研究熱門。為完善無線結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)，各種針對結(jié)構(gòu)響應(yīng)分析的算法也相繼涌現(xiàn)，如1999年MaalejADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"o4RE6XHB","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[20]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[20]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":316,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/6TIG4D6A"],"itemData":{"id":316,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Asystemidenti?cationprocedureisdevelopedforprocessingstructuralresponsesignalsregisteredbysensorspermanentlyinstalledformonitoringatcriticallocationsofastructure.Theprocedure,whichisbasedonspectrogramestimationandisappliedwithinasweepingwindowofsignalsamples,wasbuiltintoadataprocessingsoftwarethatallowsthedeterminationofthefundamentalfrequenciesofvibratingstructuralmembersandcanbeusedtoidentifythechangingpropertiesofinstrumentedstructuralsystemsthroughtime.FielddataobtainedfromstrainsensorsonaspecializedbridgedeckstructuralsystemthatspanstheSalmonRiverinNovaScotia,Canadawereusedascasestudyforevaluatingtheperformanceoftheproposedmethod.Successfulcorrelationwasobtainedbetweentheoreticalandobservedvibrationcharacteristics,whereasseveralimportantfeaturesoftheactualfunctionofvariousbridgememberswererevealedthroughtheanalysisprocedure.#1999ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.","container-title":"Computers&Structures","DOI":"10.1016/S0045-7949(98)00211-9","ISSN":"00457949","issue":"6","journalAbbreviation":"Computers&Structures","language":"en","page":"675-689","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Spectralanalysisofsensordataincivilengineeringstructures","URL":"/retrieve/pii/S0045794998002119","volume":"70","author":[{"family":"Maalej","given":"M."},{"family":"Karasaridis","given":"A."},{"family":"Hatzinakos","given":"D."},{"family":"Pantazopoulou","given":"S.J."}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,20]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["1999",3]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[20]等提出了一種信號處理算法，用于分析結(jié)構(gòu)的動態(tài)特性，該算法成功地應(yīng)用于處理從加拿大新斯科舍省的鮭魚河橋獲得的信號。2000年，土木結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展的同時(shí)，也催生了GregoryADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"AwCT9wa2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[21]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[21]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":46,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/UEGQLZ74"],"itemData":{"id":46,"type":"paper-conference","abstract":"Thispaperreviewsamethodoflocalizedstructuralhealthmonitoringbasedonrelativechangesinlocalizedflexibilityproperties.Thelocalizedflexibilitymatricesareobtainedeitherbyapplyingadecompositionproceduretoanexperimentallydeterminedglobalflexibilitymatrixorbyprocessingtheoutputsignalsofavibrationtestinasubstructure-by-substructuremanner.Thetheoryisbasedonthepartitioningoftheenergyfunctionalofadiscretedynamicsystem,forwhichLagrangemultipliersareutilizedtoenforcecompatibilityconstraintsbetweenneighboringsubstructuralregions.TheresultantdynamicsarethenstatedintermsofgeneralizedvariablesthatareuniquetoeachsubstructureandtheLagrangemultipliersthatcanbeconsideredasinterfaceforceswhichtransferenergybetweensubstructures.Thistheoryisdemonstratedwithanexperimentaldamagedetectiontestofabridgecolumnmodel.","DOI":"10.1117/12.383135","event-place":"NewportBeach,CA","event-title":"SPIE's7thAnnualInternationalSymposiumonSmartStructuresandMaterials","language":"en","page":"143-153","publisher-place":"NewportBeach,CA","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Experimentalapplicationofastructuralhealthmonitoringmethodology","URL":"/proceeding.aspx?articleid=924703","author":[{"family":"Reich","given":"GregoryW."},{"family":"Park","given":"K.C."}],"editor":[{"family":"Liu","given":"S.-C."}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,28]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2000",4,20]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[21]、VicenteLopesADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"WQElrsZn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[22]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[22]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":50,"uris":["/users/local/j8khXm2k/items/MYXHB8ZD"],"itemData":{"id":50,"type":"paper-conference","abstract":"Astructuralhealthmonitoringmethodfordeterminationofdamagesinstructuralsystemisdevelopedusingstatevariablemodel.Atime-domainidentificationmethod,thesubspacesystemidentificationalgorithm,isfirstappliedtogetastate-spacemodelofthestructure.Theidentifiedstate-spacemodelisthentransformedtotwospecialrealizationforms,fordeterminationoftheequationofmotionofmultiple-degrese-freedomo