11月北京地區(qū)成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語真題及答案一、詞匯和語法（共20題，每題1分，共20分）題目1.Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobase2.______intheUnitedStates,St.Louishasnowbecomethe24thlargestcity.A.ThefourthbiggestcityitwasB.OncethefourthbiggestcityC.BeingthefourthbiggestcityD.Itwasoncethefourthbiggestcity3.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI______fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was4.Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefiles______rightaway.A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprintedC.mustbeprintedD.shouldbeprinted5.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported______twentyfiveyearsagowhenDr.Audonbecameitsfirstpresident.A.tobesetupB.beingsetupC.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetup6.TheschoolboardlistenedquietlyasJohnreadthedemandsthathisfollowers______for.A.bestrikingB.werestrikingC.hadbeenstrikingD.havebeenstriking7.Tedhastoldmethathealwaysescapes______ashehasgotaveryfastsportscar.A.tofineB.tobefinedC.beingfinedD.havingbeenfined8.MorethanonethirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,______inSanFrancisco.A.previouslyB.predominantlyC.practicallyD.permanently9.Prof.Lee'sbookwillshowyou______canbeusedinothercontexts.A.thatyouhaveobservedB.thathowyouhaveobservedC.howthatyouhaveobservedD.howwhatyouhaveobserved10.Allflights______becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.A.hadbeencanceledB.havebeencanceledC.werecanceledD.havingbeencanceled11.Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably______reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetails.A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate12.Withprices______somuch,it'shardforthecompanytoplanabudget.A.fluctuatingB.wavingC.swingingD.vibrating13.Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersonto______healthy.A.preserveB.stayC.maintainD.reserve14.Expectednoisesareusuallymore______thanunexpectedonesofthelikemagnitude.A.manageableB.controllableC.tolerableD.perceivable15.Itisn'tsomuchwhetherheworkshard;thequestioniswhetherheworks______.A.aboveallB.inallC.atallD.afterall16.Thereisanincorrectassumptionamongscientistsandmedicalpeoplethateveryoneagrees______whatconstitutesabenefittoanindividual.A.onB.withC.toD.in17.Alltheinformationwehavecollectedinrelationtothatcase______verylittle.A.makesupforB.addsuptoC.comesupwithD.putsupwith18.Areallypowerfulspeakercan______thefeelingsoftheaudiencetothefeverofexcitement.A.workoutB.workoverC.workatD.workup19.Beforethestudentssetoff,theyspentmuchtimesettingalimit______theexpensesofthetrip.A.toB.aboutC.inD.for20.AccordingtothepsychoanalystSigmundFreud,wisdomcomesfromthe______ofmaturity.A.fulfillmentB.achievementC.establishmentD.accomplishment答案及分析1.D。“base...on...”表示“把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)上”，這里是“以充足的理由來支持他的論點”，“which”指代“grounds”，“onwhichtobasehisarguments”是“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，作后置定語，修飾“grounds”。2.B?！癘ncethefourthbiggestcity”是過去分詞短語作狀語，邏輯主語是“St.Louis”，表示“曾經(jīng)是第四大城市”。3.D。前半句是虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)；后半句說上周一直很忙，是陳述過去的事實，用一般過去時。4.D?！癲eemiturgentthat...”中“that”引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣，即“should+動詞原形”，“should”可以省略，這里文件是被打印，用被動語態(tài)。5.C?！癰ereportedtohavedone”表示“據(jù)報道已經(jīng)做了某事”，“organization”和“setup”是被動關(guān)系，所以用“tohavebeensetup”。6.C?！皊trikefor”表示“為……而罷工”，“他的追隨者一直在為這些要求而罷工”，“strike”這個動作在“read”之前一直在進行，用過去完成進行時。7.C。“escapedoingsth.”表示“逃避做某事”，“Ted”是逃避被罰款，用動名詞的被動形式“beingfined”。8.B?！皃redominantly”表示“主要地，占優(yōu)勢地”，說大多數(shù)居住在舊金山，符合語境。9.D?！皊howsb.+賓語從句”，“whatyouhaveobserved”是賓語從句作“how”引導(dǎo)的從句的主語，“how”表示“如何”，整個句子意思是“如何把你所觀察到的應(yīng)用到其他情境中”。10.D?！癆llflightshavingbeencanceled”是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，“flights”和“cancel”是被動關(guān)系，且動作已經(jīng)完成，作原因狀語。11.A?！癱oncise”表示“簡潔的”，報告幾頁紙卻包含所有細(xì)節(jié)，說明很簡潔。12.A?！癴luctuating”表示“波動，起伏”，說價格波動大，公司難以制定預(yù)算。13.B?！皊tayhealthy”表示“保持健康”，“stay”是系動詞，后接形容詞。14.C?！皌olerable”表示“可忍受的”，預(yù)期的噪音比意外的同樣強度的噪音更能忍受。15.C?！癮tall”用于否定句中加強語氣，“是否他根本就沒努力工作”。16.A?！癮greeon”表示“就……達(dá)成一致意見”。17.B?！癮ddupto”表示“總計達(dá)，意味著”，收集的信息沒多大意義。18.D?！皐orkup”表示“激起，激發(fā)”，強大的演講者能激發(fā)觀眾的情緒。19.A。“setalimitto...”表示“對……設(shè)定限制”。20.B?！癮chievement”表示“成就，達(dá)到”，說智慧來自成熟的達(dá)成。二、閱讀理解（共15題，每題2分，共30分）Passage1Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhumanlikeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware(軟件)orbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsilicon(硅)willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon'slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,mancreatedworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.1.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?A.Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.B.Byworkinghardfor10or20years.C.Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.D.Byreproducingit.2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhumanlikeability?A.Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.B.Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.C.Heisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceus.D.Hedoesn'tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.3.Theword“carbon”(Line4,Para.2)standsfor“______”.A.intelligentrobotsB.achemicalelementC.anorganicsubstanceD.humanbeings4.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen______.A.itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestionB.itisabletobeartheroughenvironmentC.itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrainD.itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnections,robotswillbecapableofselfreproductionB.withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,peoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhumanlikeabilityC.oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,itwillpossessintelligenceD.robotswillhavecontrolofthevast,manmadeworldinspace答案及分析1.C。文中提到“renderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware(軟件)orbyalteringthearchitecture”，即通過正確編程或改變其結(jié)構(gòu)使機器變得智能。2.A。從最后一段可知，機器人可以幫助我們拓展疆界，沙漠會變綠洲，海底會被開采等，說明對人類有用。3.D?！癝iliconwillhaveendedcarbon'slongcontrol”，前面說硅基機器會超過人類，這里“carbon”指代人類，因為人類是碳基生命。4.A?！癆stheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers”，當(dāng)機器人的智能和成本沒問題時可用于拓展疆界。5.B。一開始人們覺得制造有人類能力的機器不可能，現(xiàn)在隨著科技發(fā)展，人們意識到了這種可能性。Passage2Intheolddays,childrenwerefamiliarwithbirthanddeathaspartoflife.ThisisperhapsthefirstgenerationofAmericanyoungsters(年輕人)whohaveneverbeenclosebyduringthebirthofababyandhaveneverexperiencedthedeathofafamilymember.Nowadayswhenpeoplegrowold,weoftensendthemtonursinghomes.Whentheygetsick,wetransferthemtoahospital,wherechildrenareforbiddentovisitterminallyillpatientsevenwhenthosepatientsaretheirparents.Thisdeprives(剝奪)thedyingpatientofsignificantfamilymembersduringthelastfewdaysofhislifeanditdeprivesthechildrenofanexperienceofdeath,whichisanimportantlearningexperience.SomeofmycolleaguesandIonceinterviewedandfollowedapproximately500terminallyillpatientsinordertofindoutwhattheycouldteachusandhowwecouldbeofmorebenefit,notjusttothembuttothemembersoftheirfamiliesaswell.Weweremostimpressedbythefactthateventhosepatientswhowerenottoldoftheirseriousillnesswerequiteawareofitspotentialoutcome.Itisimportantforfamilymembers,anddoctorsandnursestounderstandthesepatients'communicationsinordertotrulyunderstandtheirneeds,fears,andfantasies(幻想).Mostofourpatientswelcomedanotherhumanbeingwithwhomtheycouldtalkopenly,honestly,andfranklyabouttheirtrouble.Manyofthemsharedwithustheirtremendousneedtobeinformed,tobekeptuptodateontheirmedicalcondition,andtobetoldwhentheendwasnear.Wefoundoutthatpatientswhohadbeendealtwithopenlyandfranklywerebetterabletocopewiththeapproachofdeathandfinallytoreachatruestageofacceptancepriortodeath.1.TheeldersofcontemporaryAmericans______.A.wereoftenabsentwhenafamilymemberwasbornordyingB.werequiteunfamiliarwithbirthanddeathC.usuallywitnessedthebirthordeathofafamilymemberD.hadoftenexperiencedthefearofdeathaspartoflife2.ChildreninAmericatodayaredeprivedofthechance______.A.tolearnhowtofacedeathB.tovisitdyingpatientsC.toattendtopatientsD.tohaveaccesstoahospital3.Fivehundredterminallyillpatientswereinvestigatedwiththemainpurposeof______.A.observinghowtheyreactedtothecrisisofdeathB.helpingthemandtheirfamiliesovercomethefearofdeathC.findingouttheirattitudetowardstheapproachofdeathD.learninghowtobesthelpthemandtheirfamilies4.Theneedofadyingpatientforcompanyshows______.A.hisdesireforcommunicationwithotherpeopleB.hisfearofapproachingdeathC.hispessimisticattitudetowardshisconditionD.hisreluctancetopartwithhisfamily5.Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.A.dyingpatientsareafraidofbeingtoldoftheapproachofdeathB.mostdoctorsandnursesunderstandwhatdyingpatientsneedC.dyingpatientsshouldbetruthfullyinformedoftheirconditionD.mostpatientsareunabletoacceptdeathuntilitisobviouslyinevitable答案及分析1.C。“Intheolddays,childrenwerefamiliarwithbirthanddeathaspartoflife”，說明過去的人通常見證家庭成員的出生或死亡。2.A?！癟hisdeprivesthechildrenofanexperienceofdeath,whichisanimportantlearningexperience”，現(xiàn)在的孩子被剝奪了學(xué)習(xí)如何面對死亡的機會。3.D?！癴indoutwhattheycouldteachusandhowwecouldbeofmorebenefit,notjusttothembuttothemembersoftheirfamiliesaswell”，調(diào)查的目的是學(xué)習(xí)如何更好地幫助病人和他們的家人。4.A?！癕ostofourpatientswelcomedanotherhumanbeingwithwhomtheycouldtalkopenly,honestly,andfranklyabouttheirtrouble”，說明病人需要陪伴是為了和他人交流。5.C?！皃atientswhohadbeendealtwithopenlyandfranklywerebetterabletocopewiththeapproachofdeath”，說明應(yīng)該誠實地告訴臨終病人他們的病情。Passage3Faces,likefingerprints,areunique.Didyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeople?Evenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchildorevenananimal,suchasapigeoncanlearntorecognizefaces,wealltakethisabilityforgranted.Wealsotellpeopleapartbyhowtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone'spersonality,wemeanthewaysinwhichheorsheacts,speaks,thinksandfeelsthatmakethatindividualdifferentfromothers.Likethehumanface,humanpersonalityisverycomplex.Butdescribingsomeone'spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribewhata“niceface”lookedlike,youprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribea“niceperson”,youmightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskind,considerate,friendly,warm,andsoforth.Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinks,feelsandacts.GordonAllport,anAmericanpsychologist,foundnearly18,000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople'sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribing,ortyping,hispersonality.Bookworms,conservatives,militarytypespeoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.Peoplehavealwaystriedto“type”eachother.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillain's(壞人)orthehero'srole.Infact,thewords“person”and“personality”comefromtheLatinpersona,meaning“mask”.Today,mosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.Butwecaneasilytellthe“goodguys”fromthe“badguys”becausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions.1.Byusingtheexampleoffingerprints,theauthortellsusthat______.A.peoplecanlearntorecognizefacesB.peoplehavedifferentpersonalitiesC.peoplehavedifficultyindescribingthefeaturesoffingerprintsD.peopledifferfromeachotherinfacialfeatures2.Accordingtothispassage,someanimalshavethegiftof______.A.tellingpeopleapartbyhowtheybehaveB.typingeachotherC.recognizinghumanfacesD.tellinggoodpeoplefrombadpeople3.Whomostprobablyknowsbesthowtodescribepeople'spersonality?A.TheancientGreekaudience.B.Themovieactors.C.Psychologists.D.ThemodernTVaudience.4.Accordingtothepassage,itispossibleforustotellonetypeofpersonfromanotherbecause______.A.peopledifferintheirbehavioralandphysicalcharacteristicsB.humanfingerprintsprovideuniqueinformationC.people'sbehaviorcanbeeasilydescribedinwordsD.humanfaceshavecomplexfeatures5.Whichofthefollowingisthemajorpointofthepassage?A.Whyitisnecessarytoidentifypeople'spersonality.B.Whyitispossibletodescribepeople.C.Howtogettoknowpeople.D.Howbesttorecognizepeople.答案及分析1.D。用指紋作例子，是為了說明人的面部特征和指紋一樣，每個人都不同。2.C。“Yetaveryyoungchildorevenananimal,suchasapigeoncanlearntorecognizefaces”，說明一些動物有識別人類面孔的天賦。3.C?！癎ordonAllport,anAmericanpsychologist,foundnearly18,000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople'sbehavior”，心理學(xué)家對描述人的性格更專業(yè)。4.A。文章提到可以通過面部特征和行為來區(qū)分人，說明人在行為和身體特征上有差異。5.B。文章主要講了為什么能夠描述人，包括通過面部特征和行為等。三、完型填空（共10題，每題1分，共10分）IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe1860sandinthe1870s,mostof1werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheU.S.,thedaynurserymovementreceivedgreat2duringtheFirstWorldWar,when3ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedented(前所未有的)numbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished4inmunitions(軍火)plants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.5thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose6,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,7,Federal,State,andlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol8thedaynurseries,chieflyby9themandbyinspectingandregulatingtheconditionswithinthenurseries.The1930sbroughtalmostacomplete9inthedaynurserymovement.Duringthistime,federal,state,andlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontroloverthedaynurseries,chieflybylicensingthemandbyinspectingandregulatingtheconditionswithinthenurseries.The1930sbroughtalmostacomplete10inthedaynurserymovement.Anumberofnewfactorscontributedtothis.Theemploymentofyoungwomeninthenation'sworkforcewasmuchlowerthanithadbeenintheFirstWorldWar.1.A.thoseB.themC.whoseD.which2.A.impetusB.inputC.imitationD.initiative3.A.sourcesB.abundanceC.shortageD.reduction4.A.hardlyB.entirelyC.onlyD.even5.A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Although6.A.unanimouslyB.sharplyC.predominantlyD.militantly7.A.thereforeB.consequentlyC.howeverD.moreover8.A.overB.inC.atD.about9.A.formulatingB.labelingC.patentingD.licensing10.A.distractionB.discrepancyC.failureD.collapse答案及分析1.D?！癿ostofwhich”引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，修飾“nurseries”。2.A。“impetus”表示“推動，促進”，一戰(zhàn)期間日托所運動得到很大推動。3.C?！皊hortageofmanpower”表示“勞動力短缺”，所以才讓大量女性就業(yè)。4.D?！癳ven”表示“甚至”，說明在軍火廠也建立了日托所。5.D?！癆lthough”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，美國日托所數(shù)量上升但沒有政府援助。6.B?！皊harply”表示“急劇地”，數(shù)量急劇上升。7.C?！癶owever”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，一戰(zhàn)后政府開始對其進行管控。8.A?！癳xercisecontrolover...”表示“對……進行控制”。9.D?！發(fā)icensing”表示“頒發(fā)許可證”，政府通過給日托所頒發(fā)許可證等進行管控。10.D?！癱ollapse”表示“崩潰，瓦解”，30年代日托所運動幾乎完全崩潰。四、翻譯（共2題，每題10分，共20分）1.隨著科技的飛速發(fā)展，人們的生活發(fā)生了巨大的變化。如今，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為人們獲取信息、交流和娛樂的重要工具。Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,people'sliveshaveundergonetremendouschanges.Nowadays,theInternethasbecomeanimportanttoolforpeopletoobtaininformation,communicateandentertain.2.教育是國家發(fā)展的基石，它不僅能提高人們的知識水平，還能培養(yǎng)人們的品德和價值觀。政府應(yīng)該加大對教育的投入，確保每個孩子都能接受良好的教育。Educationisthecornerstoneofacountry'sdevelopment.Itcannotonlyimprovepeople'sknowledgelevelbutalsocultivatepeople'smoralsandvalues.Thegovernmentshouldincreaseinvestmentineducationtoensu