2025年托福考試閱讀真題模擬模擬試卷：物理實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、詞匯選擇要求：仔細(xì)閱讀下面的每句話，從每題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能夠填入空白處并且使句子意思最連貫、最準(zhǔn)確的詞語(yǔ)。每個(gè)選項(xiàng)只能使用一次。1.Thephysicistobservedthatthependulum'sswing_______graduallyastime_______bymeasuringthedecreasingamplitudewithaprecisionofmillimeters.A.accelerated;passedB.slowed;elapsedC.fluctuated;advancedD.stabilized;lingered2.Inthevacuumchamber,thefeatherandthecoin_______atthesamerateduetotheabsenceofairresistance,_______afundamentalprincipleofphysics.A.fell;demonstratingB.floated;illustratingC.drifted;verifyingD.rose;confirming3.Theexperiment's_______wastotestthetheorythatlighttravelsinastraightline,whichwas_______byGalileo'sobservationsduringhisjourneyontheship.A.purpose;refutedB.hypothesis;validatedC.method;questionedD.conclusion;dismissed4.Whenthescientistincreasedthetemperature,themetal's_______changedsignificantly,showingadirectcorrelationbetweenheatandmaterialexpansion.A.density;decreasedB.volume;increasedC.elasticity;alteredD.mass;remained5.The_______ofthelaserbeamwassoprecisethatitcouldtargetaspotnolargerthanasinglehumanhair,_______itspotentialinmicroscopicsurgeries.A.intensity;highlightingB.wavelength;showcasingC.focus;emphasizingD.duration;revealing6.Thegraph's_______clearlyshowedtheexponentialgrowthofthebacteriapopulationunderoptimalconditions,_______theefficiencyofthelab'sincubator.A.trend;assessingB.pattern;evaluatingC.curve;measuringD.line;analyzing7.The_______oftheexperimentwasmeticulous,witheverystepdocumentedinthelabreporttoensurereproducibilitybyotherresearchers.A.procedure;detailedB.design;systematicC.analysis;thoroughD.result;conclusive8.The_______oftheelectron'sbehaviorwassounpredictablethatitdefiedclassicalphysics,_______theneedforquantummechanics.A.randomness;highlightingB.consistency;indicatingC.predictability;questioningD.stability;challenging9.Thescientist's_______totheproblemwasremarkable,astheyremainedundeterredbytheinitialfailuresandeventuallysucceeded.A.persistence;steadyB.determination;unwaveringC.patience;enduringD.curiosity;relentless10.The_______oftheparticleswasobservedusingahigh-resolutionmicroscope,revealingtheintricatestructureofthematerialattheatomiclevel.A.arrangement;detailedB.distribution;preciseC.movement;controlledD.interaction;complex二、閱讀理解要求：閱讀下面的短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。每個(gè)問(wèn)題都有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)選擇最符合短文內(nèi)容的答案。ArecentstudyconductedbyateamofphysicistsattheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)hasshednewlightonthebehaviorofsuperconductors.Superconductorsarematerialsthatcanconductelectricitywithoutanyresistancewhencooledbelowacertaincriticaltemperature.Thisphenomenonhassignificantimplicationsforthedevelopmentofnewtechnologies,suchasmoreefficientpowergridsandquantumcomputers.Inthestudy,theresearchersusedaspecializedcryostattocoolasampleofmercury-basedsuperconductingmaterialtoatemperatureof4Kelvin.Theythenappliedvariousmagneticfieldsandmeasuredthematerial'sresponse.Theresultsweresurprising:thesuperconductorexhibitedacriticalmagneticfieldabovewhichitlostitssuperconductingproperties.Thiscriticalfieldvarieddependingonthetemperature,withhighertemperaturesresultinginastrongercriticalfield."Whatwefoundwasthattherelationshipbetweentemperatureandcriticalmagneticfieldwasn'tlinear,aspreviouslythought,"saidDr.EmilyCarter,leadresearcherontheproject."Instead,itfollowedamorecomplex,non-linearpattern,whichchallengesourunderstandingofsuperconductivity."Theteamalsodiscoveredthatthebehaviorofthesuperconductorcouldbeexplainedbyanewtheoreticalmodeltheydeveloped.Thismodeltakesintoaccountthequantummechanicalpropertiesoftheelectronsinthematerial,providingamoreaccuratedescriptionofhowsuperconductivityoccurs."Theimplicationsofthisdiscoveryarefar-reaching,"Cartercontinued."Itcouldleadtothedevelopmentofnewmaterialsthatcansuperconductathighertemperatures,makingthemmorepracticalforreal-worldapplications."1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthestudymentionedinthepassage?A.Toexploretherelationshipbetweentemperatureandmagneticfieldsinsuperconductors.B.Todevelopanewtheoreticalmodelforunderstandingsuperconductivity.C.Totesttheefficiencyofdifferentcryostatsforcoolingsuperconductingmaterials.D.Toinvestigatethepotentialapplicationsofsuperconductorsintechnology.2.AccordingtoDr.EmilyCarter,whatwasthemostsurprisingfindingofthestudy?A.Thesuperconductorexhibitedacriticalmagneticfieldabovewhichitlostitssuperconductingproperties.B.Therelationshipbetweentemperatureandcriticalmagneticfieldfollowedanon-linearpattern.C.Thenewtheoreticalmodelaccuratelydescribedthebehaviorofthesuperconductor.D.Thesuperconductorcouldsuperconductathighertemperatures.3.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofsuperconductingmaterials?A.Theywillbecomelesspracticalforreal-worldapplications.B.Theywillremainamysteryduetotheircomplexbehavior.C.Theycouldleadtothedevelopmentofnewtechnologies.D.Theywillrequiremoreadvancedcryostatsforcooling.4.Howdoesthenewtheoreticalmodelcontributetotheunderstandingofsuperconductivity?A.Itexplainsthenon-linearrelationshipbetweentemperatureandcriticalmagneticfield.B.Itprovesthatsuperconductorscanonlyexistatverylowtemperatures.C.Itdismissestheroleofquantummechanicalpropertiesinsuperconductivity.D.Itsuggeststhatsuperconductorsarenotpracticalfortechnology.5.WhatisthesignificanceofthestudyconductedbytheNISTteam?A.Itdisprovestheexistingtheoriesofsuperconductivity.B.Ithighlightstheimportanceofcryostatsinsuperconductingresearch.C.Itprovidesnewinsightsintothebehaviorofsuperconductors.D.Itdemonstratesthelimitationsofquantummechanicsinexplainingsuperconductivity.三、句子填空要求：閱讀下面的短文，其中有十個(gè)空白處，每個(gè)空白處需要填入一個(gè)合適的單詞，使得句子意思完整、通順。從下面的單詞庫(kù)中選出合適的單詞填入空白處，每個(gè)單詞只能使用一次。單詞庫(kù)：1.quantum2.magnetic3.energy4.particles5.temperature6.electrons7.theory8.materials9.behavior10.observationsThestudyofphysicsofteninvolvestheexaminationofhow_______interactwitheachother.Forinstance,whentwo_______collide,theycanreleaseasignificantamountof_______.Thisiswhyparticleaccelerators,liketheLargeHadronCollider,aresoimportant—theyallowscientiststostudythesehigh-energycollisionsindetail.Inthecontextofelectromagnetism,thebehaviorof_______inamagneticfieldisafundamentalconcept.Whenacurrentflowsthroughawire,itgeneratesa_______fieldaroundit,whichcanattractorrepelothermagnets.Therelationshipbetween_______andmagnetismwasfirstdescribedbyJamesClerkMaxwell,whounifiedtheseforcesintoasingle_______.Superconductivity,aphenomenonobservedincertain_______atverylow_______,demonstratesthebizarreandcounterintuitivenatureofquantummechanics.Thebehaviorofsuperconductorscannotbefullyexplainedbyclassicalphysicsalone;instead,itrequiresaquantumexplanation.The_______oflightisalsoakeyaspectofquantumtheory,asitexhibitsbothwave-likeandparticle-likepropertiesdependingontheexperiment.These_______havebeenconfirmedthroughnumerousexperimentsandhaveshapedourunderstandingoftheuniverse.1._______2._______3._______4._______5._______6._______7._______8._______9._______10._______四、段落匹配要求：下面有五個(gè)段落，分別對(duì)應(yīng)五個(gè)不同的物理概念。請(qǐng)將每個(gè)段落與其對(duì)應(yīng)的物理概念匹配起來(lái)。段落1：Thisprinciple,knownastheconservationofmomentum,statesthatthetotalmomentumofaclosedsystemremainsconstantifnoexternalforcesactonit.Itisafundamentalconceptinclassicalmechanicsandhasnumerousapplications,fromunderstandingthemotionofplanetstoanalyzingtheoutcomeofcollisionsbetweenobjects.段落2：Quantumentanglementisaphenomenonwheretwoormoreparticlesbecomelinkedinsuchawaythatthestateofoneparticleinstantlyinfluencesthestateofanother,regardlessofthedistancebetweenthem.Thisphenomenonchallengesourclassicalnotionsoflocalityandhasimportantimplicationsforquantumcomputingandcryptography.段落3：Thetheoryofrelativity,proposedbyAlbertEinstein,revolutionizedourunderstandingofspaceandtime.Itpositsthatthelawsofphysicsarethesameforallnon-acceleratingobserversandthatthespeedoflightinavacuumisconstant,regardlessofthemotionofthelightsource.Thistheoryhasbeenconfirmedthroughnumerousexperimentsandhaspracticalapplications,suchastheGPSsystem.段落4：Thephotoelectriceffectisaphenomenonwhereelectronsareemittedfromamaterialwhenlightshinesonit.ThiseffectwasexplainedbyAlbertEinstein,whoproposedthatlightconsistsofdiscretepacketsofenergycalledphotons.Thephotoelectriceffectplayedacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofquantummechanics.段落5：Thermodynamicsisthebranchofphysicsthatdealswithheat,work,andenergy.Thefirstlawofthermodynamicsstatesthatenergycannotbecreatedordestroyed,onlyconvertedfromoneformtoanother.Thesecondlawofthermodynamicsstatesthatthetotalentropyofaclosedsystemwillalwaysincreaseovertime.物理概念：A.ConservationofMomentumB.QuantumEntanglementC.TheoryofRelativityD.PhotoelectricEffectE.Thermodynamics請(qǐng)將每個(gè)段落與其對(duì)應(yīng)的物理概念匹配起來(lái)。五、簡(jiǎn)答題要求：根據(jù)下面的短文內(nèi)容，回答問(wèn)題。每個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案都需要簡(jiǎn)潔明了，不超過(guò)三句話。ArecentexperimentconductedatCERNinvolvedcollidingprotonsatnear-lightspeedstostudythefundamentalparticlesthatmakeupmatter.TheLargeHadronCollider(LHC)isapowerfultoolthatallowsscientiststoexplorethepropertiesoftheseparticlesandtestthepredictionsoftheStandardModelofparticlephysics.OneofthekeydiscoveriesmadebytheLHCwastheconfirmationoftheHiggsboson,aparticlethatgivesmasstootherparticles.Theexperimentalsoprovidedinsightsintothebehaviorofdarkmatteranddarkenergy,whichtogethermakeupabout95%oftheuniversebutarestillnotwellunderstood.1.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheexperimentconductedatCERN?2.HowdoestheLHChelpscientistsstudyfundamentalparticles?3.WhatwasthesignificanceofthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson?4.Whataredarkmatteranddarkenergy,andwhyaretheystillnotwellunderstood?5.Howdoesthestudyofparticlephysicscontributetoourunderstandingoftheuniverse?本次試卷答案如下一、詞匯選擇1.B解析：句子的意思是擺動(dòng)的振幅隨著時(shí)間的推移逐漸減小，說(shuō)明擺動(dòng)在變慢，時(shí)間在流逝，所以選slowed和elapsed。2.A解析：在沒(méi)有空氣阻力的真空室中，羽毛和硬幣以相同的速度下落，這證明了物理學(xué)的基本原理，所以選fell和demonstrating。3.B解析：實(shí)驗(yàn)的假設(shè)是測(cè)試光沿直線傳播的理論，這個(gè)理論被伽利略的觀察所證實(shí)，所以選hypothesis和validated。4.B解析：當(dāng)科學(xué)家提高溫度時(shí)，金屬的體積發(fā)生了顯著變化，顯示出熱量和材料膨脹的直接相關(guān)性，所以選volume和increased。5.C解析：激光束的焦點(diǎn)非常精確，可以瞄準(zhǔn)比人類(lèi)頭發(fā)絲還小的點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)其在顯微手術(shù)中的潛力，所以選focus和emphasizing。6.B解析：圖表的清晰顯示了在最佳條件下細(xì)菌種群呈指數(shù)增長(zhǎng)，評(píng)估了實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)箱的效率，所以選pattern和evaluating。7.A解析：實(shí)驗(yàn)的程序非常細(xì)致，每一步都在實(shí)驗(yàn)室報(bào)告中詳細(xì)記錄，以確保其他研究人員可以重現(xiàn)，所以選procedure和detailed。8.A解析：電子的行為非常不可預(yù)測(cè)，以至于它違背了經(jīng)典物理學(xué)，突出了量子力學(xué)的必要性，所以選randomness和highlighting。9.B解析：科學(xué)家對(duì)問(wèn)題的決心是非凡的，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有被最初的失敗所阻礙，最終取得了成功，所以選determination和unwavering。10.B解析：通過(guò)高分辨率顯微鏡觀察粒子的分布，揭示了材料在原子級(jí)別的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，所以選distribution和precise。二、閱讀理解1.A解析：文章的主要目的是探索超導(dǎo)體中溫度和磁場(chǎng)的關(guān)系，所以選Toexploretherelationshipbetweentemperatureandmagneticfieldsinsuperconductors。2.B解析：根據(jù)艾米麗·卡特博士的說(shuō)法，最令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)是溫度和臨界磁場(chǎng)之間的關(guān)系遵循非線性模式，所以選Therelationshipbetweentemperatureandcriticalmagneticfieldfollowedanon-linearpattern。3.C解析：文章暗示超導(dǎo)材料未來(lái)可能導(dǎo)致新技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)，所以選Theycouldleadtothedevelopmentofnewtechnologies。4.A解析：新的理論模型解釋了溫度和臨界磁場(chǎng)之間的非線性關(guān)系，所以選Itexplainsthenon-linearrelationshipbetweentemperatureandcriticalmagneticfield。5.C解析：這項(xiàng)研究的意義在于提供了對(duì)超導(dǎo)體行為的新見(jiàn)解，所以選Itprovidesnewinsightsintothebehaviorofsuperconductors。三、句子填空1.particles解析：物理學(xué)通常涉及研究粒子如何相互作用。2.particles解析：當(dāng)兩個(gè)粒子碰撞時(shí)，它們可以釋放大量能量。3.